本頁說明如何使用 Organization Policy Service 自訂限制,限制對下列 Google Cloud 資源執行的特定作業:
monitoring.googleapis.com/AlertPolicy
monitoring.googleapis.com/NotificationChannel
monitoring.googleapis.com/Snooze
如要進一步瞭解機構政策,請參閱「自訂機構政策」。
關於機構政策和限制
Google Cloud 機構政策服務可讓您透過程式以集中方式控管機構的資源。身為機構政策管理員,您可以定義機構政策,也就是一組稱為「限制」的限制,適用於Google Cloud 資源和Google Cloud 資源階層中這些資源的子系。您可以在機構、資料夾或專案層級強制執行機構政策。
機構政策提供各種 Google Cloud 服務的內建代管限制。不過,如要更精細地自訂機構政策中受限的特定欄位,也可以建立自訂限制,並在機構政策中使用這些自訂限制。
政策繼承
根據預設,機構政策會由您強制執行政策的資源子系繼承。舉例來說,如果您對資料夾強制執行政策, Google Cloud 系統會對該資料夾中的所有專案強制執行政策。如要進一步瞭解這項行為及如何變更,請參閱「階層評估規則」。
事前準備
- Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
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In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.
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Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.
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Install the Google Cloud CLI.
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If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.
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To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
gcloud init
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In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.
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Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.
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Install the Google Cloud CLI.
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If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.
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To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
gcloud init
- 請確認您知道機構 ID。
ORGANIZATION_ID
:您的機構 ID,例如123456789
。CONSTRAINT_NAME
:新自訂限制的名稱。自訂限制條件必須以custom.
開頭,且只能包含大寫英文字母、小寫英文字母或數字。例如,alertDocHasProject
。這個欄位的長度上限為 70 個字元。RESOURCE_NAME
:包含要限制物件和欄位的Google Cloud 資源完整名稱。例如:monitoring.googleapis.com/AlertPolicy
。CONDITION
:針對支援服務資源的代表項目編寫的 CEL 條件。這個欄位的長度上限為 1000 個字元。如要進一步瞭解可編寫條件的資源,請參閱「支援的資源」。例如:resource.documentation.content.contains('${resource.project}')
。ACTION
:如果符合condition
,應採取的動作。可能的值為ALLOW
和DENY
。DISPLAY_NAME
:限制條件的易記名稱。這個欄位的長度上限為 200 個字元。DESCRIPTION
:違反政策時,要以錯誤訊息形式顯示的限制說明。這個欄位的長度上限為 2000 個字元。- 前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「Organization policies」(組織政策) 頁面。
- 在專案選擇工具中,選取要設定機構政策的專案。
- 在「Organization policies」(機構政策) 頁面上的清單中選取限制條件,即可查看該限制條件的「Policy details」(政策詳情) 頁面。
- 如要設定這項資源的機構政策,請按一下「管理政策」。
- 在「編輯政策」頁面中,選取「覆寫上層政策」。
- 按一下「新增規則」。
- 在「Enforcement」(強制執行) 區段中,選取是否要強制執行這項機構政策。
- 選用:如要根據標記設定機構政策條件,請按一下「新增條件」。請注意,如果為組織政策新增條件式規則,您必須至少新增一項無條件規則,否則無法儲存政策。詳情請參閱「使用標記設定組織政策」。
- 按一下「測試變更」,模擬機構政策的影響。舊版受管理限制不支援政策模擬。詳情請參閱「 使用 Policy Simulator 測試組織政策變更」。
- 如要完成並套用機構政策,請按一下「設定政策」。這項政策最多需要 15 分鐘才會生效。
-
PROJECT_ID
:要強制執行限制的專案。 -
CONSTRAINT_NAME
:要強制執行的限制名稱。例如:alertDocHasProject
。 - ORGANIZATION_ID:機構的專屬數值 ID。如要瞭解如何取得這個 ID,請參閱「取得機構 ID」。
- PROJECT_ID:專案的 ID。
將下列檔案儲存為
constraint-alert-doc-has-project.yaml
:actionType: DENY condition: resource.documentation.content.contains('${resource.project}') description: Requires documentation to include the project name. displayName: Alerting policy documentation must include project name. methodTypes: - CREATE - UPDATE name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.alertDocHasProject resourceTypes: - monitoring.googleapis.com/AlertPolicy
將 ORGANIZATION_ID 替換為機構 ID。
如果快訊政策說明文件中缺少資源專案名稱,這項限制會禁止建立或更新快訊政策。
套用限制:
gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint ~/constraint-alert-doc-has-project.yaml
確認限制條件是否存在:
gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID
輸出結果會與下列內容相似:
CUSTOM_CONSTRAINT: custom.alertDocHasProject ACTION_TYPE: DENY METHOD_TYPES: CREATE,UPDATE RESOURCE_TYPES: monitoring.googleapis.com/AlertPolicy DISPLAY_NAME: Alerting policy documentation must include the project name.
將下列檔案儲存為
policy-alert-doc-has-project.yaml
:name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policies/custom.alertDocHasProject spec: rules: - enforce: true
將 PROJECT_ID 替換為您的專案 ID。
套用政策:
gcloud org-policies set-policy ~/policy-alert-doc-has-project.yaml
確認政策存在:
gcloud org-policies list --project=PROJECT_ID
輸出結果會與下列內容相似:
CONSTRAINT: custom.alertDocHasProject LIST_POLICY: - BOOLEAN_POLICY: SET ETAG: CKSx5LwGEPjBuKwD-
必要的角色
如要取得管理自訂機構政策所需的權限,請要求管理員為您授予機構資源的機構政策管理員 (roles/orgpolicy.policyAdmin
) IAM 角色。如要進一步瞭解如何授予角色,請參閱「管理專案、資料夾和機構的存取權」。
建立自訂限制
自訂限制是在 YAML 檔案中定義,當中包含您要強制執行機構政策的服務所支援的資源、方法、條件和動作。自訂限制的條件是使用一般運算語言 (CEL) 定義。如要進一步瞭解如何使用 CEL 在自訂限制中建構條件,請參閱「建立及管理自訂限制」一文的 CEL 一節。
如要建立自訂限制,請使用下列格式建立 YAML 檔案:
name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/CONSTRAINT_NAME
resourceTypes:
- RESOURCE_NAME
methodTypes:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
condition: "CONDITION"
actionType: ACTION
displayName: DISPLAY_NAME
description: DESCRIPTION
更改下列內容:
如要進一步瞭解如何建立自訂限制,請參閱「定義自訂限制」。
設定自訂限制
為新的自訂限制建立 YAML 檔案後,您必須進行設定,才能在貴機構的機構政策中使用該檔案。如要設定自訂限制,請使用gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint
指令:
gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint CONSTRAINT_PATH
CONSTRAINT_PATH
替換為自訂限制檔案的完整路徑。例如:/home/user/customconstraint.yaml
。
完成後,自訂限制就會顯示在 Google Cloud 機構政策清單中,做為機構政策使用。如要確認自訂限制存在,請使用 gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints
指令:gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID
ORGANIZATION_ID
替換為機構資源的 ID。
詳情請參閱「查看組織政策」。
強制執行自訂機構政策
如要強制執行限制,請建立參照該限制的機構政策,然後將該政策套用至 Google Cloud 資源。控制台
gcloud
如要建立含有布林值規則的機構政策,請建立參照限制的政策 YAML 檔案:
name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policies/CONSTRAINT_NAME spec: rules: - enforce: true
取代下列項目:
如要強制執行包含限制的機構政策,請執行下列指令:
gcloud org-policies set-policy POLICY_PATH
將 POLICY_PATH
替換為機構政策 YAML 檔案的完整路徑。這項政策最多需要 15 分鐘才會生效。
測試自訂機構政策
以下範例會建立自訂限制和政策,檢查快訊政策的說明文件是否提及專案名稱。
開始之前,請先替換下列項目:
建立限制
建立政策
套用政策後,請等待約兩分鐘, Google Cloud 就會開始強制執行政策。
測試政策
請嘗試建立快訊政策,並在說明文件中排除資源專案名稱。
gcloud alpha monitoring policies create \
--display-name="CPU Utilization - 5% Threshold" \
--project=PROJECT_ID \
--condition-display-name="Condition 1" \
--condition-filter='resource.type="gce_instance" AND metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"' \
--duration='60s' \
--if='>5' \
--combiner='AND' \
--documentation='The ${metric.display_name} of the ${resource.type} ${resource.label.instance_id} has exceeded 5% for over 60 seconds.' \
將 PROJECT_ID 替換為您的專案 ID。
輸出內容如下:
Operation denied by custom org policies: ["customConstraints/alertDocHasProject": "Alerting policy documentation must include project name."]
常見用途的自訂機構政策範例
下表提供一些常見用途的自訂限制語法:
說明 | 限制語法 |
---|---|
快訊政策只能有一個條件 |
actionType: DENY condition: "resource.conditions.size() > 1" description: Requires alerting policies to have only one condition. displayName: Alerting policies must have only one condition methodTypes: - CREATE - UPDATE name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.oneCondition resourceTypes: - monitoring.googleapis.com/AlertPolicy |
快訊政策必須至少使用兩個通知管道 |
actionType: DENY condition: "resource.notificationChannels.size() < 2" description: Alerting policies must use at least two notification channels. displayName: Policies must have a backup notification channel methodTypes: - CREATE - UPDATE name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.alertOnTwoChannels resourceTypes: - monitoring.googleapis.com/AlertPolicy |
只允許電子郵件通知管道 |
actionType: DENY condition: "resource.type != 'email'" description: Requires notification channels to use only the email channel type. displayName: Always use email for notification channels methodTypes: - CREATE - UPDATE name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.emailChannelsOnly resourceTypes: - monitoring.googleapis.com/NotificationChannel |
暫緩時間不得超過一小時 |
actionType: DENY condition: "int(resource.interval.endTime) > int(resource.interval.startTime) + 3600" description: Requires snoozes to be under 1 hour. displayName: Snooze must be less than 1 hour methodTypes: - CREATE - UPDATE name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.setMaxSnooze resourceTypes: - monitoring.googleapis.com/Snooze |
Cloud Monitoring 支援的資源
下表列出可在自訂限制中參照的 Cloud Monitoring 資源。資源 | 欄位 |
---|---|
monitoring.googleapis.com/AlertPolicy |
resource.alertStrategy.autoClose
|
resource.alertStrategy.notificationChannelStrategy.notificationChannelNames
| |
resource.alertStrategy.notificationChannelStrategy.renotifyInterval
| |
resource.alertStrategy.notificationRateLimit.period
| |
resource.combiner
| |
resource.conditions.conditionAbsent.aggregations.alignmentPeriod
| |
resource.conditions.conditionAbsent.aggregations.crossSeriesReducer
| |
resource.conditions.conditionAbsent.aggregations.groupByFields
| |
resource.conditions.conditionAbsent.aggregations.perSeriesAligner
| |
resource.conditions.conditionAbsent.duration
| |
resource.conditions.conditionAbsent.filter
| |
resource.conditions.conditionAbsent.trigger.count
| |
resource.conditions.conditionAbsent.trigger.percent
| |
resource.conditions.conditionMatchedLog.filter
| |
resource.conditions.conditionMatchedLog.labelExtractors
| |
resource.conditions.conditionMonitoringQueryLanguage.duration
| |
resource.conditions.conditionMonitoringQueryLanguage.evaluationMissingData
| |
resource.conditions.conditionMonitoringQueryLanguage.query
| |
resource.conditions.conditionMonitoringQueryLanguage.trigger.count
| |
resource.conditions.conditionMonitoringQueryLanguage.trigger.percent
| |
resource.conditions.conditionPrometheusQueryLanguage.alertRule
| |
resource.conditions.conditionPrometheusQueryLanguage.duration
| |
resource.conditions.conditionPrometheusQueryLanguage.evaluationInterval
| |
resource.conditions.conditionPrometheusQueryLanguage.labels
| |
resource.conditions.conditionPrometheusQueryLanguage.query
| |
resource.conditions.conditionPrometheusQueryLanguage.ruleGroup
| |
resource.conditions.conditionSql.booleanTest.column
| |
resource.conditions.conditionSql.daily.periodicity
| |
resource.conditions.conditionSql.hourly.minuteOffset
| |
resource.conditions.conditionSql.hourly.periodicity
| |
resource.conditions.conditionSql.minutes.periodicity
| |
resource.conditions.conditionSql.query
| |
resource.conditions.conditionSql.rowCountTest.comparison
| |
resource.conditions.conditionSql.rowCountTest.threshold
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.aggregations.alignmentPeriod
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.aggregations.crossSeriesReducer
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.aggregations.groupByFields
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.aggregations.perSeriesAligner
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.comparison
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.denominatorAggregations.alignmentPeriod
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.denominatorAggregations.crossSeriesReducer
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.denominatorAggregations.groupByFields
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.denominatorAggregations.perSeriesAligner
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.denominatorFilter
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.duration
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.evaluationMissingData
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.filter
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.forecastOptions.forecastHorizon
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.thresholdValue
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.trigger.count
| |
resource.conditions.conditionThreshold.trigger.percent
| |
resource.conditions.displayName
| |
resource.conditions.name
| |
resource.displayName
| |
resource.documentation.content
| |
resource.documentation.links.displayName
| |
resource.documentation.links.url
| |
resource.documentation.mimeType
| |
resource.documentation.subject
| |
resource.enabled
| |
resource.name
| |
resource.notificationChannels
| |
resource.severity
| |
monitoring.googleapis.com/NotificationChannel |
resource.description
|
resource.displayName
| |
resource.enabled
| |
resource.type
| |
monitoring.googleapis.com/Snooze |
resource.criteria.policies
|
resource.displayName
| |
resource.interval.endTime
| |
resource.interval.startTime
|