创建 webhook 服务

您在上一步中创建的预构建代理需要 webhook。本教程中,我们使用 Cloud Run 函数托管 webhook,因为它们简单易用,但您还可以通过许多其他方式托管 webhook 服务。该示例还使用了 Go 编程语言,但您可以使用 Cloud Run functions 支持的任何语言

创建函数

您可以使用 Google Cloud 控制台创建 Cloud Run 函数(访问文档打开控制台)。如需为本教程创建函数,请执行以下操作:

  1. 请务必将 Dialogflow 代理和函数放在同一项目中。这是 Dialogflow 安全访问您的函数的最简单方法。在创建函数之前,请在 Google Cloud 控制台中选择您的项目。

    转到“项目选择器”

  2. 打开 Cloud Run functions 概览页面。

    前往 Cloud Run 函数概览

  3. 点击创建函数,然后设置以下字段:

    • 环境:第 1 代
    • 函数名称:tutorial-telecommunications-webhook
    • 区域:如果您为代理指定了区域,请使用相同的区域。
    • HTTP 触发器类型:HTTP
    • 网址:点击此处的复制按钮,然后保存该值。 您在配置该网络钩子时需要使用此网址。
    • 身份验证:需要进行身份验证
    • 需要 HTTPS:已选中
  4. 点击保存

  5. 点击下一步(您无需特殊的运行时、构建、连接或安全设置)。

  6. 设置以下字段:

    • 运行时:选择最新的 Go 运行时。
    • 源代码:内嵌编辑器
    • 入口点:HandleWebhookRequest
  7. 将代码替换为以下代码:

    package cxtwh
    
    import (
    	"context"
    	"encoding/json"
    	"fmt"
    	"log"
    	"net/http"
    	"os"
    	"strings"
    
    	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
      "google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
    )
    
    // client is a Spanner client, created only once to avoid creation
    // for every request.
    // See: https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/concepts/go-runtime#one-time_initialization
    var client *spanner.Client
    
    func init() {
    	// If using a database, these environment variables will be set.
    	pid := os.Getenv("PROJECT_ID")
    	iid := os.Getenv("SPANNER_INSTANCE_ID")
    	did := os.Getenv("SPANNER_DATABASE_ID")
    	if pid != "" && iid != "" && did != "" {
    		db := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/instances/%s/databases/%s",
    			pid, iid, did)
    		log.Printf("Creating Spanner client for %s", db)
    		var err error
    		// Use the background context when creating the client,
    		// but use the request context for calls to the client.
    		// See: https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/concepts/go-runtime#contextcontext
    		client, err = spanner.NewClient(context.Background(), db)
    		if err != nil {
    			log.Fatalf("spanner.NewClient: %v", err)
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    type fulfillmentInfo struct {
    	Tag string `json:"tag"`
    }
    
    type sessionInfo struct {
    	Session    string                 `json:"session"`
    	Parameters map[string]interface{} `json:"parameters"`
    }
    
    type text struct {
    	Text []string `json:"text"`
    }
    
    type responseMessage struct {
    	Text text `json:"text"`
    }
    
    type fulfillmentResponse struct {
    	Messages []responseMessage `json:"messages"`
    }
    
    // webhookRequest is used to unmarshal a WebhookRequest JSON object. Note that
    // not all members need to be defined--just those that you need to process.
    // As an alternative, you could use the types provided by the Dialogflow protocol buffers:
    // https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/dialogflow/cx/v3#WebhookRequest
    type webhookRequest struct {
    	FulfillmentInfo fulfillmentInfo `json:"fulfillmentInfo"`
    	SessionInfo     sessionInfo     `json:"sessionInfo"`
    }
    
    // webhookResponse is used to marshal a WebhookResponse JSON object. Note that
    // not all members need to be defined--just those that you need to process.
    // As an alternative, you could use the types provided by the Dialogflow protocol buffers:
    // https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/dialogflow/cx/v3#WebhookResponse
    type webhookResponse struct {
    	FulfillmentResponse fulfillmentResponse `json:"fulfillmentResponse"`
    	SessionInfo         sessionInfo         `json:"sessionInfo"`
    }
    
    // detectCustomerAnomaly handles same-named tag.
    func detectCustomerAnomaly(ctx context.Context, request webhookRequest) (
    	webhookResponse, error) {
    	// Create session parameters that are populated in the response.
    	// This example hard codes values, but a real system
    	// might look up this value in a database.
    	p := map[string]interface{}{
    		"anomaly_detect":        "false",
    		"purchase":              "device protection",
    		"purchase_amount":       "12.25",
    		"bill_without_purchase": "54.34",
    		"total_bill":            "66.59",
    		"first_month":           "January 1",
    	}
    	// Build and return the response.
    	response := webhookResponse{
    		SessionInfo: sessionInfo{
    			Parameters: p,
    		},
    	}
    	return response, nil
    }
    
    // validatePhoneLine handles same-named tag.
    func validatePhoneLine(ctx context.Context, request webhookRequest) (
    	webhookResponse, error) {
    	// Create session parameters that are populated in the response.
    	// This example hard codes values, but a real system
    	// might look up this value in a database.
    	p := map[string]interface{}{
    		"domestic_coverage":   "true",
    		"phone_line_verified": "true",
    	}
    	// Build and return the response.
    	response := webhookResponse{
    		SessionInfo: sessionInfo{
    			Parameters: p,
    		},
    	}
    	return response, nil
    }
    
    // cruisePlanCoverage handles same-named tag.
    func cruisePlanCoverage(ctx context.Context, request webhookRequest) (
    	webhookResponse, error) {
    	// Get the existing parameter values
    	port := request.SessionInfo.Parameters["destination"].(string)
    	port = strings.ToLower(port)
    	// Check if the port is covered
    	covered := "false"
    	if client != nil {
    		// A Spanner client exists, so access the database.
    		// See: https://pkg.go.dev/cloud.google.com/go/spanner#ReadOnlyTransaction.ReadRow
    		row, err := client.Single().ReadRow(ctx,
    			"Destinations",
    			spanner.Key{port},
    			[]string{"Covered"})
    		if err != nil {
    			if spanner.ErrCode(err) == codes.NotFound {
    				log.Printf("Port %s not found", port)
    			} else {
    				return webhookResponse{}, err
    			}
    		} else {
    			// A row was returned, so check the value
    			var c bool
    			err := row.Column(0, &c)
    			if err != nil {
    				return webhookResponse{}, err
    			}
    			if c {
    				covered = "true"
    			}
    		}
    	} else {
    		// No Spanner client exists, so use hardcoded list of ports.
    		coveredPorts := map[string]bool{
    			"anguilla": true,
    			"canada":   true,
    			"mexico":   true,
    		}
    		_, ok := coveredPorts[port]
    		if ok {
    			covered = "true"
    		}
    	}
    	// Create session parameters that are populated in the response.
    	// This example hard codes values, but a real system
    	// might look up this value in a database.
    	p := map[string]interface{}{
    		"port_is_covered": covered,
    	}
    	// Build and return the response.
    	response := webhookResponse{
    		SessionInfo: sessionInfo{
    			Parameters: p,
    		},
    	}
    	return response, nil
    }
    
    // internationalCoverage handles same-named tag.
    func internationalCoverage(ctx context.Context, request webhookRequest) (
    	webhookResponse, error) {
    	// Get the existing parameter values
    	destination := request.SessionInfo.Parameters["destination"].(string)
    	destination = strings.ToLower(destination)
    	// Hardcoded list of covered international monthly destinations
    	coveredMonthly := map[string]bool{
    		"anguilla":  true,
    		"australia": true,
    		"brazil":    true,
    		"canada":    true,
    		"chile":     true,
    		"england":   true,
    		"france":    true,
    		"india":     true,
    		"japan":     true,
    		"mexico":    true,
    		"singapore": true,
    	}
    	// Hardcoded list of covered international daily destinations
    	coveredDaily := map[string]bool{
    		"brazil":    true,
    		"canada":    true,
    		"chile":     true,
    		"england":   true,
    		"france":    true,
    		"india":     true,
    		"japan":     true,
    		"mexico":    true,
    		"singapore": true,
    	}
    	// Check coverage
    	coverage := "neither"
    	_, monthly := coveredMonthly[destination]
    	_, daily := coveredDaily[destination]
    	if monthly && daily {
    		coverage = "both"
    	} else if monthly {
    		coverage = "monthly_only"
    	} else if daily {
    		coverage = "daily_only"
    	}
    	// Create session parameters that are populated in the response.
    	// This example hard codes values, but a real system
    	// might look up this value in a database.
    	p := map[string]interface{}{
    		"coverage": coverage,
    	}
    	// Build and return the response.
    	response := webhookResponse{
    		SessionInfo: sessionInfo{
    			Parameters: p,
    		},
    	}
    	return response, nil
    }
    
    // cheapestPlan handles same-named tag.
    func cheapestPlan(ctx context.Context, request webhookRequest) (
    	webhookResponse, error) {
    	// Create session parameters that are populated in the response.
    	// This example hard codes values, but a real system
    	// might look up this value in a database.
    	p := map[string]interface{}{
    		"monthly_cost":   70,
    		"daily_cost":     100,
    		"suggested_plan": "monthly",
    	}
    	// Build and return the response.
    	response := webhookResponse{
    		SessionInfo: sessionInfo{
    			Parameters: p,
    		},
    	}
    	return response, nil
    }
    
    // Define a type for handler functions.
    type handlerFn func(ctx context.Context, request webhookRequest) (
    	webhookResponse, error)
    
    // Create a map from tag to handler function.
    var handlers map[string]handlerFn = map[string]handlerFn{
    	"detectCustomerAnomaly": detectCustomerAnomaly,
    	"validatePhoneLine":     validatePhoneLine,
    	"cruisePlanCoverage":    cruisePlanCoverage,
    	"internationalCoverage": internationalCoverage,
    	"cheapestPlan":          cheapestPlan,
    }
    
    // handleError handles internal errors.
    func handleError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
    	log.Printf("ERROR: %v", err)
    	http.Error(w,
    		fmt.Sprintf("ERROR: %v", err),
    		http.StatusInternalServerError)
    }
    
    // HandleWebhookRequest handles WebhookRequest and sends the WebhookResponse.
    func HandleWebhookRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    	var request webhookRequest
    	var response webhookResponse
    	var err error
    
    	// Read input JSON
    	if err = json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&request); err != nil {
    		handleError(w, err)
    		return
    	}
    	log.Printf("Request: %+v", request)
    
    	// Get the tag from the request, and call the corresponding
    	// function that handles that tag.
    	tag := request.FulfillmentInfo.Tag
    	if fn, ok := handlers[tag]; ok {
    		response, err = fn(r.Context(), request)
    	} else {
    		err = fmt.Errorf("Unknown tag: %s", tag)
    	}
    	if err != nil {
    		handleError(w, err)
    		return
    	}
    	log.Printf("Response: %+v", response)
    
    	// Send response
    	if err = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&response); err != nil {
    		handleError(w, err)
    		return
    	}
    }

  8. 点击部署

  9. 等待状态指示器显示函数已成功部署。在等待期间,检查您刚刚部署的代码。

为您的代理配置网络钩子

现在,该网络钩子已作为服务存在,您需要将此网络钩子与您的代理相关联。如需为您的代理配置 webhook,请执行以下操作:

  1. 打开 Dialogflow CX 控制台
  2. 选择您的 Google Cloud 项目。
  3. 选择您的代理。
  4. 选择管理标签页。
  5. 点击网络钩子
  6. 点击现有的 webhook(由预构建代理创建)。
  7. Webhook 网址更新为您在创建函数时保存的网络钩子网址。
  8. 子类型设置为“标准”。
  9. 点击保存

试用代理

您的客服人员现在可以开始试用了。 点击测试代理按钮以打开模拟器。尝试与客服人员进行以下对话:

对话回合 代理
1 您好! 您好!我是虚拟电信客服人员。我可以帮助您解决结算和计划问题、排查相关问题以及添加旅游和邮轮计划。今天,您需要什么帮助?
2 我想添加一项邮轮行程 让我为您看看。您在我们这里的手机号码是什么?
3 123-123-1234 您的游轮行程有几天?
4 7 选项 1 包含通话和短信。费用为 [XX] 美元/天。如需了解详情,请点击此处 [网址]。选项 2 包含通话、短信和数据流量。费用为 [XX] 美元/天。如需了解详情,请点击此处 [网址]。您想添加哪个邮轮方案?
5 选项 1 Got it.我已将该方案添加到您的账号中。在游轮上航行时,您可能还需要陆地覆盖。您会停靠哪个港口?
6 墨西哥 您要在那里停留几天?
7 3 好消息!墨西哥境内陆地范围内免费。大功告成!您现在还需要其他方面的帮助吗?

此特定对话由 Cruise Plan 流程管理。

在第 6 轮对话中,您提供了“墨西哥”作为目的地港口。目的港和停留天数会作为 Collect Port 页面的 destinationtrip_duration 表单参数捕获。浏览您的代理以查找这些参数定义。

Dialogflow 控制台中“收集端口”页面的屏幕截图

Collect Port 页面中,有一个表单完成条件路由:$page.params.status = "FINAL"。提供两个表单参数后,系统会调用此路由。此路由会调用您的网络钩子,并向您的网络钩子提供 cruisePlanCoverage 标记。如果您查看上面的 webhook 代码,就会发现此标记会触发调用同名函数。

此函数用于确定方案是否涵盖所提供的目的地。该函数会检查是否已使用连接到数据库的信息设置特定环境变量。如果未设置这些环境变量,该函数将使用硬编码的目标列表。在后续步骤中,您将更改该函数的环境,以便它从数据库检索数据,以验证目标平台的方案覆盖范围。

问题排查

该 webhook 代码包含日志记录语句。如果您遇到问题,请尝试查看函数的日志

更多信息

如需详细了解上述步骤,请参阅: