Analyze billing data and cost trends with Reports

This document teaches you how to access Cloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console, and how to configure reports, providing details on how to use the various report settings, filters, and report features to track and understand your Google Cloud usage costs.

View your billing reports and cost trends

Use the Reports page to view and analyze your Google Cloud usage cost and cost trends using a variety of configurable settings and filters. The Reports page displays a chart that plots usage costs for a Cloud Billing account, including costs in all projects linked to the billing account. To help you view the cost trends that are important to you, you can select a data range, specify a time range, configure the chart filters, and group your data by a variety of options, such as by project, service, SKU, or location.

Cloud Billing reports can help you answer questions like these:

• How is my current month's Google Cloud spending trending?
• What Google Cloud project cost the most last month?
• What Google Cloud service (for example, Compute Engine or Cloud Storage) cost me the most?
• How do my daily costs per Google Cloud service compare over time?
• What are my forecasted future costs based on historical trends?
• How much am I spending by region?
• What was the cost of resources with label X?

Note: Historical usage and cost data is available back to January 2017. Data filtered by invoice month is available back to January 2019. For more information, see Data availability.

Permissions required to access reports

Depending on your level of Cloud Billing access, you can view cost reports for a Cloud Billing account (including viewing the costs for more than one project linked to the billing account), or you can view cost reports for individual projects.

View costs reports for a Cloud Billing account

View costs for an individual Google Cloud project

To view all costs for a Cloud Billing account, you need permissions on the Cloud Billing account. Cloud Billing account permissions are granted using roles on the billing account. To view the cost reports for your Cloud Billing account, including viewing the cost information for all of the Google Cloud projects that are linked to the billing account, you need a role on your Cloud Billing account that includes the following permission: billing.accounts.getSpendingInformation To gain this permission using a predefined role, ask your administrator to grant you one of the following Cloud Billing IAM roles on your Cloud Billing account: Billing Account Viewer Billing Account Costs Manager Billing Account Administrator For more information about Cloud Billing permissions, see: Overview of Cloud Billing access control Create custom roles for Cloud Billing Understanding predefined Identity and Access Management roles for Cloud Billing

To view all costs for an individual Google Cloud project, you need billing-specific permissions on the Google Cloud project. Project permissions are granted using roles on the Google Cloud project. To view the Cloud Billing reports for a project, you need a role on the Google Cloud project that includes the following permissions: billing.resourceCosts.get resourcemanager.projects.get To gain these permissions using a predefined role, ask your administrator to grant you one of the following basic IAM roles on your Google Cloud projects: Project Viewer Project Editor Project Owner Note: If you are viewing Cloud Billing reports using project-level permissions only, some of the billing-account-level report features aren't available. For more information about Google Cloud project permissions, see: Access control for projects with IAM IAM basic and predefined roles reference

Access the reports page

To view the cost reports for your Cloud Billing account or project:

1. Using the procedure that fits your level of access to Cloud Billing accounts, go to your Cloud Billing account in the Billing section of the Google Cloud console:

   Users with Cloud Billing account permissions

   Users with project-level permissions only

   If you have Cloud Billing account permissions, you can select from a list of billing accounts that you have permissions to access. In the Google Cloud console, go to your Cloud Billing account. Go to your Cloud Billing account At the prompt, choose the Cloud Billing account for which you'd like to view cost reports. The Billing Overview page opens for the selected billing account.

   If you only have project permissions, but don't have any permissions on your project's Cloud Billing account, you'll need to select your project before you navigate to the Billing section. Sign in to the Google Cloud console dashboard and select a project. Open Google Cloud console Select a project for which you'd like to view cost reports. Next, navigate to Billing: Open the Google Cloud console Navigation menu , and then select Billing. If you're prompted to choose which billing account you want to view and manage, click Go to linked billing account to view the billing account that's linked to your selected project. The Billing Overview page opens for the selected billing account.

2. In the Cost management section of the Billing navigation menu, select Reports.

   The Report page opens using default settings, displaying all costs for the current month, grouped by service.

   • If you have billing-account-level permissions, you can see costs for all of the projects linked to the billing account. If you enabled Gemini Cloud Assist, you can use the Gemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing features on the Report.
   • If you're a project user, and are accessing the Cloud Billing account using project-level permissions only, you can see costs for a single project – the project that you selected in the Google Cloud console before you accessed the Billing section. If you enabled the Gemini for Google Cloud API in the selected project, and you're granted the Gemini-specific IAM roles on the selected project, then you can use the Gemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing features on the Report.
   Note: Gemini Cloud Assist features aren't available on the Report when you're viewing a Cloud Billing Subaccount.

About the default Cloud Billing report

Based on your report filters and other settings, the report chart displays a stacked bar chart where each bar plots costs over time. The Group by setting determines what each stack in the bar represents — each grouping gets its own stack in the bar chart and row in the table.

By default, the report uses the Services — this month preset report view, which returns a report showing the current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by Service.

If you have enabled Gemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing, the Gemini Cloud Assist features are available above the report header. Gemini features include saved reports, Gemini-assisted reports creation, and report summaries.

The following information explains how to interpret the different sections of report when using the default report view:

• For a quick view of your actual cost totals compared to forecasted costs, use the report header above the report chart. The report header includes the following information:

  • Actual cost-to-date for the current month, including total credits, and a percent change indicator to show you if your overall costs are trending up or down compared to the previous time period.
  • Total forecasted cost for the entire current month, including forecasted credits, and a percent change indicator to show you how your forecasted costs are trending compared to the previous time period.

• For a daily summary and breakdown of costs by service, view the report chart. The chart displays the current month's daily usage-specific costs grouped by service (for all Google Cloud projects), including any usage-specific credits applied.

  • The chart also includes forecasted costs, indicated in the chart in light gray, helping you visualize how your forecasted costs are trending.

  • Each stacked bar in the chart (and row in the table) corresponds to the service, ranked largest to smallest by subtotal.

• For cost totals by service, view the report table. The table shows a row for each service that incurred usage-specific costs and credits for the month, sorted by the Subtotal column in descending order.

  Note: Usage-specific costs and credits don't include account-level costs and credits reported on your invoice (for example, taxes, contractual credits, or surcharges). To include invoice-level costs and credits, set your Time range filter to Invoice month. For more information, see Data availability.

• For a quick view of your actual, usage-specific cost totals, look at the report footer, below the table.

  The values that display in the footer vary based on the report's time range settings and filters, and your level of permissions to view costs in the Cloud Billing account. When viewing the report using an Invoice month time range, the footer totals can include invoice-level costs and credits such as taxes and adjustments. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.

Note that the report's default settings are different if you access the report from the Budget and alerts page—the report's timeframe and filters are configured using the budget's scope settings. For details, see Viewing a budget in your report.

Manage report settings and filters

Use the various report settings and filters to customize the report view. You can select a preset report or saved report, and you can further refine the data displayed in the report by adjusting the Time range, Group by, and the various filter settings. If Gemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing is enabled, you can ask Gemini Cloud Assist to create a report.

Key Point: As you configure your report by setting the Time range, Group by, and other Filters, your report output and view changes. You can save your report view, share or bookmark the URL of a customized report, generate a SQL query from the report, or download the report data to a comma-separated values (CSV) file.

Ask Gemini Cloud Assist to find or create a report

If you enabled Gemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing, you can ask Gemini Cloud Assist to create a report. When prompted, Gemini interprets your request and automatically configures the report settings and filters to create the report for you.

Note: Gemini Cloud Assist features aren't available on the Report when you're viewing a Cloud Billing Subaccount.

Use preset reports for quick configuration

Cloud Billing provides several recommended reports with preconfigured settings that you can select for efficient access to your usage and cost data. Select See all reports to open a comprehensive list of reports, including your customized saved reports and the recommended preset reports. Also, if you enabled Gemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing, you can scroll the reports carousel left and right to select a preset report.

The following Google Cloud-created, preconfigured report views are available:

Preset reports using a Usage date time range
Services — this month (default)	Time range: Current month. Group by: Service. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by Service (for example, Compute Engine or Cloud Storage), including any usage-specific credits applied, but not including invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments.
Projects — this month	Time range: Current month. Group by: Project. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by Project, including any usage-specific credits applied, but not including invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments.
SKUs — this month	Time range: Current month. Group by: SKU. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by SKU, including any usage-specific credits applied, but not including invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments.
Services — daily costs this month	Time range: Current month. Group by: Date > Service. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by Date > Service, including any usage-specific credits applied. In the report table, expand the row for a day to see your daily costs summarized per service. This view doesn't include invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments.
Projects — daily costs this month	Time range: Current month. Group by: Date > Project. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by Date > Project, including any usage-specific credits applied. In the report table, expand the row for a day to see your daily costs summarized per project. This view doesn't include invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments.
SKUs — daily costs this month	Time range: Current month. Group by: Date > SKU. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by Date > SKU, including any usage-specific credits applied. In the report table, expand the row for a day to see your daily costs summarized per SKU. This view doesn't include invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments.
Services — daily costs L7D	Time range: Last seven days. Group by: Date > Service. Description: The daily costs for the last seven days (L7D) for all services and SKUs, grouped by Date > Service, including any usage-specific credits applied. In the report table, expand the row for a day to see your daily costs summarized per service. This view doesn't include invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments.
Projects — daily costs L7D	Time range: Last seven days. Group by: Date > Project. Description: The daily costs for the last seven days (L7D) for all services and SKUs, grouped by Date > Project, including any usage-specific credits applied. In the report table, expand the row for a day to see your daily costs summarized per project. This view doesn't include invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments.
SKUs — daily costs L7D	Time range: Last seven days. Group by: Date > SKU. Description: The daily costs for the last seven days (L7D) for all services and SKUs, grouped by Date > SKU, including any usage-specific credits applied. In the report table, expand the row for a day to see your daily costs summarized per SKU. This view doesn't include invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments.

Preset reports using an Invoice month time range
Last invoice by service	Time range: Most recent invoice month. Group by: Service. The most recent, complete invoice month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by Service; including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax; aggregated by total invoice costs for the invoice month, not by individual invoices*. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last invoice by project	Time range: Most recent invoice month. Group by: Project. The most recent, complete invoice month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by Project; including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax; aggregated by total invoice costs for the invoice month, not by individual invoices*. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last invoice by SKU	Time range: Most recent invoice month. Group by: SKU. The most recent, complete invoice month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by SKU; including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax; aggregated by total invoice costs for the invoice month, not by individual invoices*. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Note: Billing Reports aggregates all invoice costs for the invoice month, not by individual invoice. If you receive more than one invoice in a month, your invoice month totals might not map to the totals of an individual invoice issued in the same month. If you want to view detailed costs per individual invoice, see the cost table report.
Last 3 invoices by service	Time range: Last 3 invoice months. Group by: Month > Service. The three most recent, complete invoice month's aggregated costs for all services and SKUs, grouped by Month > Service, including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last 3 invoices by project	Time range: Last 3 invoice months. Group by: Month > Project. The three most recent, complete invoice month's aggregated costs for all services and SKUs, grouped by Month > Project, including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last 3 invoices by SKU	Time range: Last 3 invoice months. Group by: Month > SKU. The three most recent, complete invoice month's aggregated costs for all services and SKUs, grouped by Month > SKU, including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last 6 invoices by service	Time range: Last 6 invoice months. Group by: Month > Service. The six most recent, complete invoice month's aggregated costs for all services and SKUs, grouped by Month > Service, including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last 6 invoices by project	Time range: Last 6 invoice months. Group by: Month > Project. The six most recent, complete invoice month's aggregated costs for all services and SKUs, grouped by Month > Project, including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last 6 invoices by SKU	Time range: Last 6 invoice months. Group by: Month > SKU. The six most recent, complete invoice month's aggregated costs for all services and SKUs, grouped by Month > SKU, including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last 12 invoices by service	Time range: Last 12 invoice months. Group by: Month > Service. The 12 most recent, complete invoice month's aggregated costs for all services and SKUs, grouped by Month > Service, including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last 12 invoices by project	Time range: Last 12 invoice months. Group by: Month > Project. The 12 most recent, complete invoice month's aggregated costs for all services and SKUs, grouped by Month > Project, including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last 12 invoices by SKU	Time range: Last 12 invoice months. Group by: Month > SKU. The 12 most recent, complete invoice month's aggregated costs for all services and SKUs, grouped by Month > SKU, including credits and invoice-level charges, such as tax. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.

Set the Time range for the report data

The type of Time range that you select, and the time period that you configure, affects your ability to view certain types of costs on the report (such as forecasted costs or invoice-level charges).

You can select between Usage date or Invoice month time range types, then set a date or month range to view the Google Cloud costs incurred during the specified time period.

When you select Usage date, you can choose a preset or custom time range for charting cost data (available back to January 2017). If you select Invoice month, you can set a time range based on complete months (available back to May 2019).

A 24-hour time period in the Cloud Billing report starts at midnight US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8), and observes daylight saving time shifts in the United States.

Time range options
Usage date	Returns actual usage and cost data incurred during the date range you specify (available back to January 2017). Cost forecast: The report chart includes forecasted costs if the date range ends on a future date. Taxes and adjustments: Invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments are _not_ included in the report when viewing costs for a Usage date time range. Negotiated savings: When you set the report time range by Usage date, the Cost column displays your costs calculated using the prices that are applicable to your Cloud Billing account. If your Cloud Billing account is associated with a custom pricing contract, the negotiated savings are included in the Cost calculations.
Invoice month	Returns usage costs and invoice-level charges on the invoices issued for the months selected (available back to May 2019). Invoice-level charges include taxes, contractual credits, adjustments, or surcharges, and are calculated when an invoice is issued. You can view invoice-level charges in the report footer when you use an Invoice month time range, and all of the other report filters are set to show ALL options (such as all Projects, Services, SKUs, and Credits). If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges. Negotiated savings: When you set the report time range by Invoice month, starting with the May 2021 invoice, Cloud Billing accounts associated with a custom pricing contract display Negotiated savings as a credit column, separate from the List cost column. List costs are your costs calculated using the list price prior to applying your negotiated savings or any other discounts. Note that Billing Reports aggregates all invoice costs for the invoice month, and not by individual invoice. If you receive more than one invoice in a month, your invoice month totals might not map to the totals of an individual invoice issued in the same month. If you want to view detailed costs per individual invoice, see the cost table report.

Use Group by to summarize costs

Costs in the report are summarized by the Group by option that you select.

• The Group by option that you select determines the columns and rows that appear in the report table, and affects how the data is presented in the report chart.
• When using a single-dimension Group by option, you can change the sort order of the rows in the report table by clicking on a column header. When using a multiple-dimension Group by option (such as Date > Project), the sort order of the rows in the report table is fixed and you can't change the order.
• Depending on the Time range set on the report, when you choose a single-dimension Group by option, the data that is displayed in the report chart is first grouped by date or month, and then by the single-dimension Group by (such as service, project, or SKU). In the report table, when using a single-dimension Group by option, each row summarizes the costs for the selected option (such as service, project, or SKU).
• Each grouping gets its own bar (or line) in the chart and row in the table.
• The Group by option also affects the report data that you can download to a CSV file.

Note: If you are a project user, and are accessing the Cloud Billing account and Billing Report using project permissions only, some of the Group by options are not available.

The Group by options include the following:

Single dimension	Multiple dimension by date	Multiple dimension by month
Subaccount Project Project Hierarchy Service SKU Location: Region or multi-region* Label keys No grouping (show total cost only)	Date > Subaccount Date > Project Date > Project Hierarchy Date > Service Date > SKU Date > Location: Region or multi-region*	Month > Subaccount Month > Project Month > Project Hierarchy Month > Service Month > SKU Month > Location: Region or multi-region*

Single-dimension Group by options
When using a single-dimension Group by option, the report table and the report chart display the data differently. The report table summarizes costs per the selected Group by option, creating one row for each. The report chart shows costs grouped by time, and the selected Group by option. If the report's time range is set for 62 days or less, the report chart automatically shows costs by day. If your time range covers more than 62 days, the report chart automatically shows costs by month. Use one of the multiple-dimension date-based or month-based Group by options to control the display of data in the report chart.
Subaccount If you're viewing a primary billing account with subaccounts, you can select this Group by option to summarize your costs by subaccount. Note: You must have billing-account-level permissions to set this option. The subaccount option is not available when viewing the report using project permissions only. Project When grouped by Project, the report table includes columns for Project (this is the project name), Project ID, and Project number. When grouping by Project, costs that don't belong to a project display as [Charges not specific to a project]. The Project number is a Google-assigned, anonymized number that's automatically generated for each project you create. In your support cases and other customer communication, Google refers to your projects by the project number. The project number persists after you delete a project, and any costs associated with deleted projects are identified with the project number. Learn more about identifying projects. Project hierarchy Project hierarchy is the project's ancestry, the resource hierarchy mapping of a project (Organization > Folder > Project). When grouped by Project hierarchy, the report table returns a row for each unique combination of Organization > Folder > Project, and the table includes columns for Project, Project ID, Project number, and Project hierarchy. The values listed in the Project hierarchy column show Organization name > Folder name. Projects can stand alone or be the child of an organization or folder. When grouping by Project hierarchy, projects that stand alone display as [Project not associated with any folders or organizations]. The project hierarchy Group by option is selectable when the report's Time range is set to start on or after January 1, 2022. Learn more about analyzing costs by project hierarchy. Service The default Group by setting is Service, which shows your costs in the report chart summarized by date (or month) and service, and each row in the report table shows your actual costs and credits summarized by service, such as Compute Engine and BigQuery. SKU To analyze the granular details of your costs and credits, group your costs by SKU. When grouped by SKU, the report table includes columns for SKU, Service, SKU ID, and Usage. Costs and credits are calculated per SKU and SKU pricing tiers. Location: Region or multi-region* When grouped by Location, your costs and credits in the report table are summarized by the Regions where your applications are located. When grouping by Location, costs that don't belong to a region or multi-region display as [Charges not specific to a location]. Multi-region listings are marked with an asterisk (for example, us*). Learn more about geography and regions Label keys Grouping by Label keys summarizes costs by each label value that's paired with the selected label key (for example, key1:value-A, key1:value-B, key1:value-C). Costs that aren't tagged with the selected Label key are summarized as [Charges for other usage]. Learn more about creating and managing resource labels. The Cloud Billing report shows you the cost data for a specific label only after the label was added to a resource. For example, if you add the label environment:dev to a Compute Engine VM on January 15, 2024, any analysis for environment:dev includes only the usage for that VM since January 15. When grouping by label keys, you don't see labels that are applied to a project. You see other user-created labels that you set up and applied to Google Cloud services. For more information, see common uses of labels and best practices for using labels. Note: You must have billing-account-level permissions to set this option. Grouping by Labels is not available when viewing the report using project permissions only. No grouping (show total cost only) Summarizes the total cost for the specified time range and selected filters.

Multiple-dimension Group by options
When using a multiple-dimension Group by option, both the report table and the report chart display the cost data summarized by date or month, and then broken out by the additional Group by dimension. The report table summarizes costs grouped by date or month, creating one row for each, in descending order, listing the most recent costs first. You can expand a row to view the cost breakdown by the additional Group by dimension (such as the daily cost breakdown by service). The report chart shows costs grouped by date or month plus the additional Group by dimension. The sort order in the chart shows the time range in ascending order, from earliest to latest dates or months, when the chart is read from left to right.
Date-based Group by options Date > Subaccount Date > Project Date > Project Hierarchy Date > Service Date > SKU Date > Location: Region or multi-region* When you choose a date-based Group by option, (such as Date > Service) the report chart shows the actual and forecasted costs for each day, and each row in the report table shows the actual cost for each day. In the report table, you can expand each row for a day to see your daily costs summarized by the additional dimension (such as the daily cost breakdown by service). For example, if you choose Date > Project, you can see each day's costs broken down by project. If your time range is set to span more than 366 days, the date-based Group by options aren't selectable. You can use the month-based Group by options. Month-based Group by options Month > Subaccount Month > Project Month > Project Hierarchy Month > Service Month > SKU Month > Location: Region or multi-region* When you set a time range that spans more than one month, you can choose month-based Group by options (such as Month > Service). When you choose a month-based Group by option, the report chart shows the actual and forecasted costs for each month, and each row in the report table shows the actual cost for each month. In the report table, you can expand each row for a month to see your monthly costs summarized by the additional dimension (such as the monthly cost breakdown by service). For example, if you choose Month > Project, you can see each month's costs broken down by project.

Use filters to refine data

Use filters to refine the data that is returned to your report.

Note: Some filters are only available at a billing account level. If you're a project user, and are accessing the Cloud Billing account and Billing Report using project permissions only, you won't see some of the filters described here.

• Subaccounts: If you're viewing a primary billing account with subaccounts, you can select all subaccounts (default) or select a subset of subaccounts by clicking them in the list.

  Note: You must have billing-account-level permissions to set this option. The subaccount filter is not available when viewing the report using project permissions only.

• Folders & Organizations: Folders and organizations are part of a project hierarchy, the resource hierarchy mapping of a project. If you configure the time range to start on or after January 1, 2022, you can select all folders/organizations (default) that are associated with the projects that are linked to the Cloud Billing account, or select a subset of folders/organizations.

  The values in the selector are listed in alphabetical order by resource name. To determine if a value is an organization or a folder, look at the ID number displayed below each name. ID numbers are prefaced with folders/ or organizations/ to indicate the type of resource.

  For the Cloud Billing account you're viewing, if none of the linked projects are associated with any folders or organizations, then this filter option isn't displayed. You can still group by Project hierarchy. The Project hierarchy column displays [Project not associated with any folders or organizations] for projects that don't have any ancestors.

• Projects: You can select all Google Cloud projects linked to the Cloud Billing account (default) or select a subset of projects by clicking them in the list. Some costs, such as Support costs, are not related to a project, and are shown as [Charges not specific to a project].

  If you're viewing the report using project permissions only, the Projects filter is limited to a single project – the project that you selected in the Google Cloud console before you accessed the Billing section. You can't select a different project. If you want to view the Billing Report for a different project, then you must exit the Billing section, select a different project using the Google Cloud console project selector, and then access the Billing section again.

  If a project is shut down or deleted, the project is listed only by project number.

  Note: If a project didn't incur any usage for the report's time range, it's excluded from the report results in the chart and table.

• Services: You can select all services (default) or select a subset of services by clicking them in the list.

• SKUs: You can select all SKUs (default) or select a subset of SKUs by clicking them in the list. To learn more about SKUs, see the pricing table report.

• Locations: By default, all locations are enabled. Click the location tiles to filter on a subset of locations by geography (such as Europe), multi-region (such as Global), or region (such as us-east1). Specifically, the report costs are filtered by the regions and multi-regions selected.

  Use the tiles in geography to quickly select (or deselect) all regions and multi-regions in that geography. Multi-regions tiles are marked with an asterisk (for example, us*).

  Learn more about geography and regions.

• Labels: Labels are key/value pairs you attach to resource usage (for example, Compute Engine, Cloud Storage, or Google Kubernetes Engine).

  Note: You must have billing account permissions to set this option. The Labels filter is not available when viewing the report using project permissions only.

  To filter usage by label, follow these steps:

  1. Expand the Labels section.
  2. Select the label Key.
  3. Select the Value under that key you want to filter on (the default is all values under the selected key).

  To add another label with a different key, click + Add Label, and then select the key and value(s) for the label filter.

  To remove a label filter, click the delete icon () to the right of the label fields.

  If you want to view costs for Google Kubernetes Engine, you can filter your resources using the following label keys:

  • goog-fleet-project: Filter cluster resources by fleet host project, if the cluster is registered to a fleet.
  • goog-k8s-cluster-location: Filter GKE resources by location.
  • goog-k8s-cluster-name: Filter GKE resources by cluster.
  • goog-k8s-node-pool-name: Filter cluster resources by node pool.

  To filter GKE resources using the following label keys, you must enable cost allocation for your GKE clusters:

  • k8s-namespace: Filter GKE resources by namespace.
  • k8s-namespace-labels: Filter GKE resources by fleet namespace label (GKE Enterprise customers only).

  When filtering by label keys, you can't select labels applied to a project. You can select other user-created labels that you set up and applied to Google Cloud services. For more information about labels, see common uses of labels and best practices for using labels.

• Credits: You can select all applicable credits (default) to include in the cost calculations, or you can clear some or all of the credit options to exclude credits from the cost calculations.

  The credits filter displays only the specific credit types that you incurred in your Google Cloud costs. If a particular type of credit doesn't apply to your Cloud Billing account, you won't see that credit option in the list.

  Learn more about viewing your credits.

• Invoice level charges: If you configure the time range to use the Invoice month type, you can select all invoice-level charges (default) to include in the cost calculation totals, or you can clear some or all of the invoice-level options. Invoice-level charges display in the report header above the chart and in the report footer below the table. Learn more about viewing your charges by invoice.

  Note: You must have billing-account-level permissions to set this option. The Invoice level charges filter is not available when viewing the report using project permissions only.

Adjust chart settings

The chart settings affect the display of report data in the online view of the report chart. The chart settings don't change the data that is downloaded to CSV.

Costs aggregated over time

Time aggregation affects the display of data in the report chart. The report chart is designed to always display cost data summarized by a time variable and a secondary Group by dimension. Based on the time range setting you select, the report chart shows cost totals aggregated by day or month. You can also specify a preferred time aggregation using the date-based and month-based Group by options.

In the chart, the sort order by time shows the time range in ascending order, from earliest to latest dates or months, when the chart is read from left to right.

To change the chart view to visualize how the costs are accumulating over time, select the Show cumulative option for the chart.

A Daily time period in the Cloud Billing report starts at midnight US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8), and observes daylight saving time shifts in the United States.

Chart style

You can specify a different chart display style using the Line Chart/Bar Chart selector above the chart.

• The line chart option creates a stacked area chart, with lines plotted over time for each Group by option.
• The bar chart option creates a stacked bar chart, with bars plotted over time. Each bar in the chart is divided into a number of stacked sub-bars, each one corresponding to a Group by option.

Data order

The data order in the report chart and the report table depends on the type of Group by option that you choose to use in the report settings.

• Single-dimension Group by options: When using a single-dimension Group by option (for example, Service, Project, or SKU), the order of the data displayed in the stacked line or bar chart is controlled by the data category you're sorting by in the report table – indicated by an arrow in the table's column headers. The default sort order is set on the Subtotal column, sorting rows in descending order, from largest to smallest costs.

  You can change the sort order of the data by clicking on a different column header. The direction of the arrow indicates if you're sorting in descending order – largest to smallest (down arrow ), or ascending order – smallest to largest (up arrow ). To reverse the sort order on the selected column, click the column header again.

  

• Multiple-dimension Group by options: When using a multiple-dimension Group by option (for example, Date > Service or Month > Project), the sort order of rows in the report table is set in descending order, by newest to oldest date or month. If you expand a row to view the costs summarized by the additional dimension, the cost breakdown is sorted on the subtotal column in descending order, from largest to smallest costs.

  You can't change the sort order of the report data when you're using a multiple-dimension Group by option.

  

Generate and run a SQL query against your exported billing data

Preview

This product or feature is subject to the "Pre-GA Offerings Terms" in the General Service Terms section of the Service Specific Terms. Pre-GA products and features are available "as is" and might have limited support. For more information, see the launch stage descriptions.

On the Reports page, you use the report settings and filters to refine the data returned to your report. If you enabled Cloud Billing data export to BigQuery, you can generate a SQL query in BigQuery that's configured to use the equivalent Billing Report settings and filters to query your exported billing data. When run against your exported billing data, the generated query returns the equivalent results in BigQuery as the results in the Billing Report.

Prerequisites to generate and run a query

To generate a query from a Cloud Billing Report, ensure you and your Cloud Billing account meet the following requirements:

• On your Cloud Billing account, Cloud Billing data export to BigQuery must be enabled, for either the standard usage cost data or detailed usage cost data.

  Note: If both standard and detailed cost data exports are enabled, when you generate a query, the query is created for the detailed usage cost data.

• You must have permissions to view costs for your Cloud Billing account. If you're viewing the report using project-level permissions that limit you to accessing costs for a single project, you can't generate a query.

To run the query in BigQuery, you need the following permission:

• You need the BigQuery User role for the Google Cloud project that contains the BigQuery dataset being used to store the Cloud Billing data.

• If using custom roles to grant permissions to the billing export project, your custom role must include the bigquery.jobs.create permission.

You generate a SQL query from a Cloud Billing report. The query is generated to, and run in BigQuery. You might have permissions on your Cloud Billing account that allow you to configure a report and generate a query, without you having the BigQuery permissions that are required to run the query.

Cost of use to generate and run queries

• In Billing Reports, when you Generate a SQL query from a billing report, you are not charged for this action.
• However, in BigQuery Studio, when you Run the query to produce results, you are charged for that action. The cost depends on the amount of data you query.

For more information about the cost of using BigQuery to store and analyze your Cloud Billing data, see Cost of use.

Generate a query

To create a SQL query to run against your billing data exported to BigQuery, that returns results equivalent to the console report, do the following:

1. Go to the Cloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. Set your preferred report Time range, Group by, and other Filters to create a report.

3. Click Generate query.

   A new browser window opens for BigQuery Studio, and a SQL query is generated, configured to query your exported billing data with the equivalent parameters in use on your Billing Report. In BigQuery Studio, the project selected is the same project set up in your Billing export configuration.

About the generated query

The generated SQL query consists of five clauses, creating a query that returns the equivalent results of the source Billing Report.

• SELECT - Defines the columns that the query will return, including expressions to calculate the values in each column.
• FROM - The full path to the data table that contains the Cloud Billing data exported to BigQuery, specified using three values separated by dots: project-ID.BQ_dataset_name.BQ_table_name
• WHERE - Equivalent to the Report's Time range setting and includes any specific, non-default filter settings you selected on the report.
• GROUP BY - Equivalent to the Report's Group by setting.
• ORDER BY - Equivalent to the default data order setting for the report (which is based on the selected Group by option).

Run the query

After you generate a query from a Billing Report, you must run the query to view its results in BigQuery Studio.

Caution: You might incur BigQuery charges when you Run a query in BigQuery Studio. Generating the query from a billing report is free. However, when you Run the query to produce results, you're charged for that action. The cost depends on the amount of data you query. For more information, see Cost of use.

1. Follow the Generate a query procedure to create a SQL query in BigQuery Studio.

2. In BigQuery Studio, click Run to run the query and view the query results.

   Note: In BigQuery Studio, the project selected is the same project set up in your Billing export configuration. If you don't have the necessary level of permissions in the BigQuery project, you might see an access denied error, such as: "Access Denied: Project my-billing-project: User does not have bigquery.jobs.create permission in project my-billing-project." If you see the access denied error, you can't run or save the generated query.

3. After you run the query, you can save the query results using a variety of options, such as CSV, JSON, a BigQuery table, or Google Sheets. Select Save results to see the available save options.

   You can also explore the data with tools such as Sheets, Looker, or Python. Select Explore data to see the available explore options.

Learn more about BigQuery

• Introduction to SQL in BigQuery
• Overview of BigQuery analytics
• Explore using BigQuery in the Google Cloud console
• About BigQuery IAM roles and permissions
• Control access to BigQuery resources with IAM
• Estimating BigQuery storage and query costs

Save and share report views

You can set many options to customize your online reports. After configuring your report settings to create a customized view, you might want to save your settings to be reused later by you or someone else in your organization who has the required level of permissions to view reports for the Cloud Billing account. You can use these options to save and share your customized report views:

• Saved reports: You can select Save as new to save the chart settings and the Group by and filter settings you selected when configuring your report. Saved reports are saved to the All reports page and are available for viewing by users in your organization with Cloud Billing account-level access, who can view reports for all costs and projects for the Cloud Billing account.
• Share: Optionally, you can share the URL of a customized report using the Share button. Share is a quick option to send the URL of a customized report to a recipient of your choice, outside of the Reports UI. As you configure your report by setting filters and groupings, your browser URL updates to include your selections. You can share the report by copying the URL. The Share feature is available to customers with Cloud Billing account-level access, as well as to Project Owners, Project Editors, and Project Viewers who can view Cloud Billing reports for their specific Google Cloud projects.

Permissions required to create or access a saved report

The Saved reports feature is available in the Reports page to customers who have the correct level of permissions on the Cloud Billing account. To interact with the Saved reports feature, you must have permissions with Cloud Billing account-level access. The roles with the necessary permissions are Billing Account Administrator, Billing Account Costs Manager or Billing Account Viewer on your Cloud Billing account.

• Billing Account Administrators and Billing Account Costs Managers have full access to the Saved reports feature, and can create a new, custom saved report, open any saved report, and update, rename, and delete custom saved reports.
• Billing Account Viewers have access to open a previously created saved report, but can't create new saved reports, or update, rename, or delete any saved reports.
• If you are a Project Owner, Project Editor, or Project Viewer, you can view Cloud Billing reports for your specific Google Cloud projects, including using Google Cloud-provided preset reports. However, since this level of billing access does not allow you to view all costs for all projects linked to the Cloud Billing account, you aren't able to create or access custom saved reports in the All reports page. Instead, you can use the Share feature to copy and share the URL of a report you have customized.

For more information about Cloud Billing permissions, see Overview of Cloud Billing access control.

Save a new report view

1. Go to the Cloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. Set your preferred chart settings and report Group by and other Filters.
3. Next to the report name, click Save as new.
4. Enter a name of your saved report (required). By default, a name is autofilled based on the selected filters.
5. Click Save as new.

Open a saved report

1. Go to the Cloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. Click See all reports in the Reports toolbar.
3. Your custom, saved reports are categorized in the Your reports list. You can choose one of your reports, or one of the Google Cloud-provided preset reports.
4. Click a saved report to open the report with the saved settings and filters. If you have many saved reports, you can Filter for a report by report name, to narrow down the list of reports to choose from.

Update a custom saved report to use different report settings

1. Go to the Cloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. Click See all reports in the Reports toolbar.
3. Click one of your saved reports to open your report with the saved settings and filters.
4. Update the chart settings and report Group by and other Filters to produce a different report view.
5. Next to the report name, click Save.

6. Select Save changes to save the report with the updated settings.

   Your updated filter settings are now saved to your existing saved report using the original name of the saved report. If you want to rename your saved report to reflect the updated setting and filters, follow the steps to rename your saved report.

Create a new saved report based on an existing saved report

1. Go to the Cloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. Click See all reports in the Reports toolbar.
3. Click one of your saved reports to open your report with the saved settings and filters.
4. Update the chart settings and report Group by and other Filters to produce a different report view.
5. Next to the report name, click Save, then select Save as new.
6. Enter a name of your saved Report (required). By default, a name is autofilled based on the previous report name.
7. Click Save as new.

Rename a saved report

1. Go to the Cloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. Click See all reports in the Reports toolbar.
3. Click one of your reports to open the saved report that you want to rename. Note that you can't rename any of the Google Cloud-provided preset reports.
4. To the right of the report name, select the actions menu ().
5. Select Edit report name.
6. Update the name of your report, and then click Save.

Delete a saved report

1. Go to the Cloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. Click See all reports in the Reports toolbar.
3. Click one of your reports to open the saved report that you want to delete. Note that you can't delete any of the Google Cloud-provided preset reports.
4. To the right of the report name, select the actions menu ().
5. Select Delete report.
6. Select Delete to permanently delete the saved report. This action can't be undone.

Share or bookmark the URL of a customized report

In addition to using the Saved views feature, you can bookmark or share the URL of a report you have customized. As you configure your report by setting Filters and the Group by option, your page URL updates to include your selections.

• You can share the report by copying the URL. Click Share to copy the URL to your clipboard.
• Optionally, in your browser, you can bookmark the URL to save the URL with your report settings.

Key Point: As you configure your report by setting Filters and the Group by option, your page URL updates to include your selections. It's possible that the URL length limit might be reached if you select many settings (for example, selecting 374 services out of 375). In these instances, the Share button is disabled and you see a notification on the reports page: The URL may no longer reflect your selected filters, due to length limitations.

Download filtered report data to a CSV file

You can download the report data to a comma-separated values (CSV) file using the Download CSV selector located above the summary table. The data that downloads is limited by any filters that you have set and includes all of the rows and columns in the report table, plus additional columns, depending on the Group by setting you select.

CSV file name

For the Reports data, the file name follows this pattern:

[Billing Account name]_Reports, [YYYY-MM-DD] — [YYYY-MM-DD].csv

For example, a CSV file of the Reports data downloaded for a Cloud Billing account named My Billing Account, for a date range of October 1 to December 31, 2022, is named:

My Billing Account_Reports, 2022-10-01 - 2022-12-31.csv

Duplicate report names

If you download a report with the same date range multiple times, then the default report name will be the same. If you configured your report with a specific set of parameters, you might want to rename the CSV file to something that will help you differentiate between reports run using the same date range but using different report settings or filters.

Columns in the CSV file download

The columns of data in a CSV file depend on the Group by setting. Every CSV file includes data for the following charges and credits columns, with amounts aggregated by the selected Group by option:

• Cost or List cost: The cost of usage before credits. The cost column that appears in the report and CSV download depends on the type of Cloud Billing account and the report settings.
• Negotiated savings: If your report table displays the List cost column, you will also see the Negotiated savings column.
• Discounts: Includes credits such as sustained use discounts, committed use discounts, and free tiers.
• Promotions and others: Includes free trial and other promotions.
• Unrounded subtotal: The calculated cost of the usage to a precision of up to six decimal places, which can be helpful when analyzing your cost details and understanding the source of any discrepancies due to rounding.
• Subtotal: The calculated cost of the usage rounded to two decimal places.
• Percent change in subtotal compared to previous period: If your report table displays this column, then the percent change values are included in the CSV download. This column isn't included in the CSV download for reports using a multiple-dimension Group by option, such as Date > Service or Month > Project.

Each currency-column label includes a symbol for the currency of the Cloud Billing account (for example, $ for USD or £ for GBP).

Group by setting

In addition to the charges and credits columns, the Group by option and the Time range settings affect which columns of data are downloaded, and the Group by option affects the granularity of the report. The more granular the report, the more rows are returned.

Group by setting	Rows in report	Additional columns included in CSV download
Date-based Group by (for example, Date > Service)	One row for each dimension, broken down by date. For example, if you choose Date > Project, the CSV has one row for the daily costs of each project. When you select a date-based option, the CSV file doesn't include the Percent change column.	Date
Month-based Group by (for example, Month > Service)	One row for each dimension, broken down by month. For example, if you choose Month > Project, the CSV has one row for the monthly costs of each project. When you select a month-based option, the CSV doesn't include the Percent change column.	Month
Project	One row with costs summed per each project, with an additional row for costs not specific to a project.	Project name, Project ID, Project number
Project Hierarchy	One row with costs summed per each project hierarchy, with an additional row for costs not specific to a project, and a row for costs not included in a project hierarchy.	Project name, Project ID, Project number, Project hierarchy
Service	One row with costs summed per each service (such as Compute Engine, Cloud Run, App Engine).	Service description, Service ID
SKU	One row with usage and cost details for each SKU. This Group by setting returns the most granular details in the cost reports.	Service description, Service ID, SKU description, SKU ID, Usage amount, Usage unit
Subaccount	One row with costs summed per each billing account, including the parent account and its subaccounts.	Billing account name, Billing account ID
Location: Region or multiregion	One row with costs summed per each unique region where usage occurred, including a row for charges not specific to a location.	Region
Label keys	When grouping by label, you can select one label key at a time. The report returns one row for each unique label key:value pair for the selected label key, and a row for charges for other usage.	Label

Additional notes about the CSV

• The filters you set customize the rows that are displayed in the table, and the data that is downloaded to CSV.

• The costs and credits data in the report table is aggregated for the specified time range.

• The report CSV has header information that includes the Cloud Billing account name and the date range set on the report.

• The report CSV includes the footer details that appear below the report table. The footer details might include invoice-level costs such as Tax and Adjustments if you configured your report to show the invoice details.

View your forecasted costs

You can use the forecast feature to see how your costs are trending and how much you're projected to spend, up to 12 months in the future.

If you're viewing your Cloud Billing report using a date range that ends in a future date, your Cloud Billing report chart displays both actual costs and forecasted costs:

• The report header above the chart provides a split view of cost: actual cost-to-date calculated from the starting date, and the total forecasted cost for the entire date range.
• Your forecasted cost is indicated in the chart using light grey in the stacked bar or line chart.

Note: The cost forecast is an approximation based on your historical trends.

Forecasts are available for:

• Any combination of filters (except for an Invoice month Time range).

• Any Usage date Time range that ends with a future date. (Forecasts aren't available for an Invoice month Time range.)

  • If you're viewing the report for the Current month time range, the default end date is the last day of the current month.

  • If you choose to specify a custom time range, select Usage date, and configure a date range with the To: date set for a future date.

    You can see your forecasted spend up to 12 months in the future.

The cost trend is determined by:

1. Analyzing all of your historical Google Cloud spend based on the report filters you select.
2. Selecting the most relevant, recent subset of data to use in the predictive model. For example, if a recent application launch caused a sharp increase in usage, the history selection algorithm might only look at data from after the application launch.
3. Generating a forecast that accounts for both your long term trend and any consistent monthly cycles such as sustained use discounts.

The total forecasted cost combines the following costs:

• The total actual cost to date for the selected time period.
• The predicted cost for each future day in the selected time period.

The time range selected for the report doesn't affect what data is used to generate the cost trend and forecast. For example, if you're viewing a report for the current month, cost data from previous months is included in the calculation of predicted cost.

View your costs by project hierarchy

Viewing your costs by project hierarchy helps you analyze costs by folder or organization. For example, if you use folders in an organization to represent cost centers, you can effectively configure your report to group all costs by those cost centers.

To analyze your costs by project hierarchy, including costs by Organizations or costs by Folders, set the Group by option to Project hierarchy. You can also use the Folders & Organizations filter to select specific folders and organizations to focus the data returned in the report.

About project and resource hierarchy

Projects form the basis for creating, enabling, and using all Google Cloud services. Folders are used to group projects under the organization node in a resource hierarchy. A folder can contain projects, other folders, or a combination of both. Each resource has exactly one parent.

Metaphorically speaking, the Google Cloud resource hierarchy resembles the file system found in traditional operating systems as a way of organizing and managing entities hierarchically. From a cost management perspective, you might use folders in an organization to represent cost centers (such as Devops or Finance). You can view your costs by project hierarchy to analyze your costs by folder.

Project hierarchy is the ancestry of a project, the resource hierarchy mapping of the project (Organization > Folder > Project). Projects can stand alone (not be associated with any folders or organizations) or be the child of an Organization or Folder. Project hierarchy tracks the current and historical project ancestry. For example, changing a project's name, or moving a project to a different folder or organization, affects the historical project ancestry.

To gain a deeper understanding about resource hierarchy and Cloud Billing, refer to Cloud Billing concepts, Resource hierarchy .

Configure your report to show project hierarchy

To view your costs by project hierarchy (organization > folder > project), take the following steps:

1. In the Google Cloud console, open the Reports page for the Cloud Billing account you want to analyze.
2. In the report Filters, set a Time range to use a starting date on or after January 1, 2022.

3. In the Group by selector, choose Project hierarchy.

   The report returns a row for each unique combination of Organization > Folder > Project, and the table includes columns for Project, Project ID, Project number, and Project hierarchy.

   The values listed in the Project hierarchy column show Organization name > Folder name.

Analyze the report when grouped by Project hierarchy

• You can sort the table data on different columns to view the project hierarchy costs in different ways:

  • To visualize all of the projects that have the same project hierarchy, sort the table by the Project hierarchy column.
  • To visualize if you have the same project associated with more than one ancestry, sort the table by the Project ID column.

• You can narrow the report's project hierarchy results using the Folders & Organizations filter.

• While you're viewing the report grouped by Project hierarchy, if you change the report's Time range to include a starting date prior to January 1, 2022, the Group by selection is automatically updated to group by Project.

• If you select some folders or organizations in the filter, and then update the Time range to include a starting date prior to January 1, 2022, the folder and organization selections are removed.

Understand and analyze changes in project ancestry

For the time range you're analyzing, it's possible for the same Project to be listed in more than one row in the report table. This can occur if something related to the project's ancestry has changed. Changes that affect a project's ancestry include the following:

• Changing the project's name
• Moving the project to a different organization or folder
• Changing a parent folder's name
• Moving a parent folder into another folder or organization

To see if you have projects associated with more than one ancestry, sort the table data by the Project ID column.

View project hierarchy examples showing different scenarios where something related to the project's ancestry was changed, and how that change impacts the results in the report, depending on how you Group the results.

View and analyze your credits

You can use the Credits filters to change the view of your cost calculations. You can select all applicable credits (default) to be included in the cost calculations, or you can uncheck some or all of the credit options to exclude credits from the cost calculations.

Usage-specific credits are listed in separate columns in the table, and impact the Subtotal value. There are two categories of usage-specific credits: Discounts and Promotions and others.

For Cloud Billing accounts associated with a custom pricing contract, when viewing your report by invoice month you can view your Negotiated savings as a credit column, separate from the cost at list price column.

Discount credits

Discount credits are recurring and considered an integral part of the final cost. Discounts reduce the cost of your Google Cloud usage. If applicable to your Cloud Billing account, there are various types of discount credits you might earn, such as the following:

• Free tiers: Some services offer free resource usage up to specified limits. For these services, credits are applied to implement the free tier usage.
• Sustained use discounts: Sustained use discounts are automatic discounts that you get for running specific Compute Engine resources a significant portion of the billing month.
• Committed use discounts (resource based): Compute Engine lets you purchase committed use contracts in exchange for deeply discounted prices for VM usage.
• Committed use discounts (spend based): Spend-based committed use discounts provide a discount in exchange for your commitment to spend a minimum amount for a service in a particular region.
• Spending based discounts (contractual): Discounts applied after a contractual spending threshold is reached.
• Subscriptions: Long-term subscriptions to services that are purchased in exchange for discounts.
• Reseller margin: For resellers only, this is the Reseller Program Discount credit earned on eligible items.

Note: If you have any discount credits in your Google Cloud costs, you see the corresponding checkboxes for the different types of credits under the Discounts section. Your Credits filter doesn't display all of the possible discount options, only those specific to the credit types incurred in your Google Cloud costs.

View the details of your committed use discounts (CUDs)

Note: To comprehensively view the details of your CUDs, you should access your Cloud Billing account report using billing-account-level permissions. If you try to analyze your CUDs while your Cloud Billing access is limited to viewing costs for one project at a time, you won't be able to view charges or credits that aren't in the project you're viewing.

CUDs reduce the usage costs of Compute Engine and certain other Google Cloud services. The fees and credits from your purchased commitments are applied to your Cloud Billing account using attribution, which describes how they're spread across the account's projects that consumed the eligible discounts. When analyzing your Google Cloud costs, it's useful to understand how your purchased commitments are impacting your costs. To understand how your commitment fees and credits are applied to your Cloud Billing account and projects, see Attribution of committed use discount fees and credits.

For example, to understand your ongoing Compute Engine costs, you need to know your VM core and RAM usage costs as well as the sustained use discounts and committed use discounts generated by your core and RAM usage.

CUDs consist of three components using a balance sheet format for your bill:

1. Commitment fee is the discounted cost of your covered usage.
2. On-demand costs are the costs for the resources that you consume, billed at the standard list price.
3. Committed use discount credits are negative costs that offset the eligible on-demand charges covered by the commitment.

The net impact of these three components is that you receive a discount on the usage covered by your commitment. The sum of your commitment fee (1) and committed use discount credits (3) equals the savings from your CUDs. For more information, see Understanding your invoice or statement.

• To configure the report to display the individual components that contain your CUDs, group your costs by SKU. The default report view (not grouped by SKU) doesn't break out the CUD components but instead includes the net of the three components.

• To view only your ongoing commitment fees, limit the report results to the relevant commitment fee SKUs using the SKUs filter. For example, select the SKUs filter and type Commitment [YOUR COMMITMENT TYPE].

Note: If you have a custom pricing contract, you might have received promotional credits that apply to your costs calculated using list prices. If you use these promotional credits to pay your commitment fees, your report includes a service called Invoice, with a SKU called Contract billing adjustment. This SKU adjusts your promotional credits so that they apply to the costs calculated using list prices. To see the details of how these promotional credits are applied and to which specific commitment fee SKUs, use the Cloud Billing data export to BigQuery to export your data and then query your data to see which adjustments applied to specific commitment fees. Learn about contract billing adjustments in the Cloud Billing data export.

Depending on the product for which you purchased commitments, the fees and credits are applied to your Cloud Billing account using either account attribution or proportional attribution. To understand how your commitment fees and credits are attributed to your Cloud Billing account and projects, see Attribution of committed use discounts.

Promotions and other credits

Promotions and other credits are typically one-time use and reduce the cost of your Google Cloud usage.

• Promotions: Promotions are things like Google Cloud Free Trial and marketing campaign credits, or other grants to use Google Cloud. Promotional credits are typically considered a form of payment. When available, promotional credits are automatically applied to reduce your total bill.
• Other: Any credits that don't fit into the discounts or promotional credits categories.

Note: To understand your ongoing Google Cloud costs after your Google Cloud free trial expires, clear the Promotions checkbox.

• Promotional credits for custom pricing contracts: If you have a custom pricing contract with Google Cloud, and received promotional credits that apply to costs at list prices, your report includes a service called Invoice, with a SKU called Contract billing adjustment. This SKU adjusts your promotional credits so that they apply to the costs at list price. View details about contract billing adjustments in the Cloud Billing data export.

  To check if your promotional credits apply at list prices, refer to the terms of your contract.

Note: If you do not have any Promotions or Other credits in your Google Cloud costs, you don't see the corresponding checkboxes in your Credits filter.

Negotiated savings

Negotiated savings is a credit type available for Cloud Billing accounts that are associated with a custom pricing contract.

Negotiated savings represent the difference in costs calculated using list prices compared to the same costs calculated using your custom contract prices.

Negotiated savings = List price - Contract price

Depending on how you configure the report, you can include your negotiated savings credit in a single Cost column, or you can explicitly view the Negotiated savings credits in a separate column from the List cost column. List cost is your costs calculated using list prices, prior to applying negotiated savings credits or any other discounts or credits.

Note: The first full month of data with Negotiated savings is May 2021.

• Prior to your May 2021 invoice month, or when viewing the report using a Usage date Time range, your costs are calculated using your custom contract price, resulting in a single Cost column that includes your negotiated savings credit in the cost calculations:

  

  Example of a billing report for a Cloud Billing account that is associated with a custom pricing contract, configured using a Usage date Time range.

• Starting with your May 2021 invoice, you can configure your report to view Negotiated savings as a credit column, separate from the List cost column. To view separate columns for List cost and Negotiated savings, configure your report by Invoice month. In the Time range section of the Filters panel, select Invoice month, and then set your From and To month range:

  

  Example of a billing report for a Cloud Billing account that is associated with a custom pricing contract, configured using an Invoice month Time range.

Related report

To see an overview of how much your usage-based credits are saving you on your invoice, view the Cost Breakdown report.

View a budget in your report

When you open the report from an existing budget, the report's filters are configured based on the scope of the budget, and you can view the budget's amount in your report. The budget's target amount appears in the report chart as a red, dashed, horizontal line, helping you to visualize the budget while you're analyzing the specific costs that are tracked by the budget.

You have these options to view a budget amount in a report:

• View the cost report for the current month, with report filters matching your budget's scope.
• View the cost report for the previous 12 months, with report filters matching your budget's scope.

View a budget in your cost report showing costs for the current month
To view a budget in your cost report for the current month, take the following steps: Go to the Budgets and alerts list page. To navigate to a cost report that's configured using the budget's scope settings, click the Spend and budget amount progress bar for the budget you want to analyze.	Example of the budget list page. Click image to view an enlarged version.
The cost report opens with the following settings: The Time range option is set as Usage date, setting a custom range for the current month. The Time aggregation setting in the report chart is set to Daily cumulative. The Chart style is set to bar chart. The Group by option defaults to Service. The rest of the report filters are configured using the budget's scope settings, such as Projects, Services, Labels, and Credit selections. A Budget amount line appears in the report chart, representing the target spend amount of the budget.	Example of a cost report opened from a budget. Click image to view an enlarged version.

View a budget in your cost report showing costs for the previous 12 months
To view a budget in your cost report for the previous 12 months, take the following steps: Go to the Budgets and alerts list page. Access the budget scope by opening an existing budget. In the budget's cost trend chart, click the View report link to navigate to a cost report that is configured using the budget's scope settings.	Example of a budget's cost trend chart. Click image to view an enlarged version.
The cost report opens with the following settings: The Time range option is set as Usage date, selecting Custom range. The date range is set for the previous 12 months. The Time aggregation setting in the report chart is set to Monthly. The Chart style is set to bar chart. The Group by option defaults to Service. The rest of the report filters are configured using the budget's scope settings, such as Projects, Services, Labels, and Credit selections. If you're navigating to the report from an existing budget, a Budget amount line appears in the report chart, representing the previously saved target spend amount of the budget. If you navigate to the report while you're creating a budget, the budget amount line doesn't display in the cost report.	Example of a cost report opened from the cost trend chart of a budget. Click image to view an enlarged version.

Analyze the report when the budget amount line is visible

The budget amount line is removed from the report if you adjust most of the report settings. However, you can adjust the following settings in the report and the budget amount line will remain visible.

• Group by setting: You can switch the Group by setting to use any of the available options.
• Chart style setting: You can switch the Chart style setting between bar chart and line chart.
• Credits setting: You can select or clear the Credits filters to change the view of your cost calculations to include or exclude credits, helping you see how credits impact the cost calculations compared to your budget target amount.

If you change any other report settings, the budget amount line is removed. These settings include the report's time range settings, the report chart time aggregation settings, and the report filters, including Subaccounts, Projects, Services, SKUs, Locations, and Labels.

To restore the budget amount line, re-open the report from a budget.

Understand the differences between budget scopes and report filters

Budget scopes and report filters behave a little differently. In each of the scopes in a budget, you can select from a list of all possible items available in a given scope. In each of the report filters, you can select from a list of items that incurred usage costs in the Cloud Billing account you're viewing. This means that the items selectable in your budget scopes might not match up exactly to the items selectable in your cost report filters.

Review the following examples for more information:

Projects: budget scope versus cost report filter

For the Cloud Billing account, assume the following regarding projects:

• 20 currently active projects incurring costs.
• 10 inactive projects that previously incurred costs.
• This Cloud Billing account is also incurring charges that aren't specific to a project, such as the cost of a support plan.
• You have billing-account-level permissions to access the Cloud Billing account.

Budget	Cost Report
On your budget, in your Projects scope, you can select from the 20 currently active projects. You can't select inactive projects or select [Charges not specific to a project].	On the cost report, your Projects filter list includes all projects for which you have incurred usage costs, both active projects and inactive projects. Your Projects filter also includes the option to select and view [Charges not specific to a project].
On your budget, you set the Project scope to "All projects (20)" — where "20" indicates 20 active projects.	When you open the cost report from the budget, the value in the report's Projects filter displays "All projects (31)" — where "31" indicates that you have 31 projects that have incurred costs in the Cloud Billing account you're viewing, including active and inactive projects, and [Charges not specific to a project].
When you open the cost report from the budget's cost trend chart, if your budget scope is set for all projects, and your Cloud Billing account is incurring charges not specific to a project, you might notice that your costs appear higher in the cost report than in the budget's cost trend chart.

Services: budget scope versus cost report filter

For the Cloud Billing account, assume the following regarding services:

• There are 200 possible services or products that you could use.
• The Cloud Billing account has incurred costs for 16 out of the 200 possible services.

Budget	Cost Report
On your budget, in your Services scope, you can see and select from all 200 possible services, even if you haven't incurred any usage or costs for those services.	On the cost report, your Services filter list includes only those services or products for which you have incurred usage costs.
On your budget, you set the Services scope to "All services (200)" — where "200" indicates all possible services.	When you open the cost report from the budget, the value in the report's Services filter displays "All services (16)" — where "16" indicates that you only have 16 services that have incurred costs in your Cloud Billing account.

View the charges on your invoices

Note: Invoices include charges for all of the projects linked to a billing account, as well as account-level charges not specific to a project, and invoice-level charges that are added at the time an invoice is generated (such as tax). To view all of the costs on your invoice, you must access your Cloud Billing account using billing-account-level permissions.

You can change the report view to display charges by invoice month, including invoice-level charges (for example, taxes, contractual credits, adjustments, or surcharges). If you receive more than one invoice for a month, the report view aggregates all invoice costs for the invoice month. In Billing Reports, you can't view the report by individual invoice.

If you want to view detailed costs by individual invoice, see the Cost table report. Using the Cost table report, you can view invoice costs by invoice number and download the report to CSV for offline analysis.

To view the cost report for the invoice month, in the Time range section of the Filters panel, select Invoice month, then set your From and To month range.

• The Invoice level charges section (below the Credits section in the Filters panel) shows Tax and Adjustments by default.

  Note: Adjustments appear on your invoice when Google needs to modify your account balance. Adjustments are rare, and are typically in the form of credits, which reduce your account balance.

• The report summary, above the chart, displays taxes when Invoice month is selected.

Note: The Invoice month filter shows historical billing data for the selected months. You can only select months that are complete. For example, if you're viewing the report on July 15, the most recent invoice month you can select is June. Data filtered by Invoice month is available back to May 2019.

• The summary footer, below the table, displays the cost breakdown based on your filter selections. Invoice-level charges (tax and adjustments) are not displayed when the Time range setting is by Usage date, or when you set other report filters, such as Projects, Services, or SKUs.

View invoice charges for the most recent invoice month

To view all invoice charges for the most recent invoice month, in the Filters panel, expand the Presets dropdown and select Last invoice month. This preset option automatically sets the report filters as follows:

• In the Time range section in the filters panel, Invoice month is selected, and the From and To month range is set for the most recent complete invoice month (for example, February 2023).
• The Group by filter is set to group costs by Service.
• All other report filters are set to use their default configurations (for example, ALL projects, services, SKUs, and credits).

Using the Last invoice month preset, you can quickly view a report with totals that map to your most recent invoice or statement, showing costs for all services and SKUs, grouped by Service, and including credits and invoice-level charges (such as taxes, contractual credits, adjustments, or surcharges).

Billing Reports aggregates all invoice costs for the invoice month, and not by individual invoice. If you receive more than one invoice in a month, your invoice month totals might not map to the totals of an individual invoice issued in the same month. If you want to view detailed costs per individual invoice, see the cost table report.

View invoice charges for a specific invoice month

To view all invoice charges for a specific invoice month, do the following:

1. In the Time range section in the filters panel, select Invoice month, then set your From and To month range for the same month (for example, January 2023).
2. Select your preferred Group by setting (for example, Project, Service, or SKU).

3. Ensure no other filters are set. That is, you should view the report for ALL projects, services, SKUs, credits, and so on.

   In the summary footer, the cost breakdown displays:

   • Subtotal: The sum of the Group by costs, after Promotions and Discounts.
   • Adjustments: The sum of credit or debit memos and other adjustments applied to your Cloud Billing account due to billing corrections or contractual requirements, as reported from the invoices issued for the invoice month. Adjustments might be issued in a different month than the invoice month to which they are applied. For more details on adjustments, see Understand memos and adjustments. You won't see this line item if you have no adjustments applied to your invoices.
   • Tax: Sum of all taxes reported from all of the invoices for the invoice month.

   • Invoice total: Includes all credits, adjustments, taxes, and rounding errors, aggregated for all invoices issued for the invoice month.

     Note: Rounding errors are included in the Invoice total but aren't listed as a separate line item. To view the exact rounding error sum, hover your pointer over the tooltip () next to Invoice total.

Invoice total versus Filtered total

In the summary footer of the report, the display of invoice-level costs and the type of report total depends on how your report filters are configured.

• Invoice total: Invoice total includes all costs and credits for the invoice month, as well as invoice-level charges such as taxes, adjustments, and rounding errors, aggregated for all invoices issued during the invoice month. To view the invoice total, set the Time range to Invoice month, and ensure all of the other filters are set to show all options (such as all Projects, Services, SKUs, and Credits).

  

• Filtered total: When your time range is set to invoice month, the filtered total summarizes your charges based on the filter selections you have chosen (such as filtering on a subset of Projects, Services, or SKUs), excluding tax, adjustments, and rounding errors. When you see a Filtered total in the report, invoice-level charges aren't displayed in the summary footer and aren't included in the calculation of the filtered total. A filtered total doesn't match the total on your monthly invoice or statement.

  

Related reports

• Cost Table report: A detailed, tabular view of your monthly costs for a given invoice or statement, which can be filtered and downloaded.
• Cost Breakdown report: An at-a-glance waterfall view of your monthly costs calculated using the on-demand price for your Google Cloud usage, how credits saved you money on your invoice, and any invoice-level charges applied (if you're viewing the cost breakdown for an invoice month time range).

Data availability

The data availability information in this section applies to customers who are accessing a Cloud Billing account using billing-account-level permissions. If your access to a billing account is limited to project-level permissions, you might not be able to view all available cost data or report configuration options for a Cloud Billing account.

• In Cloud Billing reports, usage cost data is available back to January 2017 at the SKU level.
• Cost data viewed by invoice month is available back to May 2019 at the SKU level.
• Data at the sub-SKU level (for example, by resource ID) isn't available.

As of January 2017, the following data is included in Cloud Billing reports:

• SKU usage: This is reported in the pricing units shown on the pricing table report, for example, gibibyte month.

• SKU cost: The SKU cost is based on the list price or custom contract price for that usage, whichever price is applicable to your Cloud Billing account. The cost is reported in the currency that your Cloud Billing account is charged in.

  Note: Service usage reporting varies by service. All Google Cloud services report usage within a day, but most services report usage within hours.

• Usage-specific credits: This includes any credits or discounts that were applied directly to the SKU usage such as sustained use discounts, committed use discounts, or free trial and other promotional credits that were applied.

• Location data: This includes costs incurred by region or multi-region.

As of May 2019, the following data is available in the Cloud Billing reports:

• Taxes: Taxes that were applied to your invoices are reported by Invoice month selected.

• Account-level billing modifications: Sum of credits or surcharges applied at the account level due to Cloud Billing corrections or contractual requirements. Reported as Adjustments when viewing reports by Invoice month. The month that an adjustment is issued might differ from the month when the adjustment is applied. For guidance on how to analyze adjustments, see Understand memos and adjustments.

• Invoice details: You can graph or group usage by Invoice month. We don't display the invoice number in this report view.

When viewing costs by Invoice month, the following data is available in the Cloud Billing reports:

Invoices generally include all costs incurred during a given calendar month, but the cost for some services' usage at the very end of a calendar month might roll over to the next month's invoice. As a result, your invoice might include costs for more than one calendar month. Usage is reported by actual usage date when viewing your invoice details and online reports.

Other data specific to an invoice includes the totals of any taxes and adjustments.

• For a detailed breakdown of the taxes on an invoice, view the cost table report, or view the details of your invoice.
• For guidance on understanding and analyzing any adjustments, see Understand memos and adjustments.

As of May 2021, the following data is available in the Cloud Billing reports:

• Negotiated savings: Viewable for Cloud Billing accounts that are associated with a custom pricing contract, Negotiated savings shows the difference in cost between your contract price compared to the current list price. The Negotiated savings column is displayed when viewing your report by Invoice month.

  Prior to May 2021, or when viewing the report using a Usage date time range, your costs are calculated using your custom contract price, resulting in a single Cost column that includes your negotiated savings in the cost calculations.

As of January 1, 2022, the following data is available in the Cloud Billing reports:

• Project hierarchy: Project hierarchy is the project's ancestry, the resource hierarchy mapping of a project (Organization > Folder > Project). When viewing your report with a starting time range of January 1, 2022, you can group your data by project hierarchy.
• Folders & Organizations: Folders and organizations are components of a project hierarchy. When viewing your report with a starting time range of January 1, 2022, you can filter your data by folders and organizations.

FAQs

How do I get access to the granular data behind Cloud Billing reports?

You can configure your Cloud Billing account to export data to BigQuery and then use BigQuery or your own tools to analyze the exported cost line items. For example, you can visualize your costs with Looker Studio, or from your BigQuery tables, you can choose to export your BigQuery data as CSV (or other formats) to a Cloud Storage bucket. The Cloud Billing data exported to BigQuery is the same data that your Cloud Billing reports use.

Note: The Cloud Billing data you export is only available starting when you enable export. To ensure you have a complete set of Cloud Billing data for your custom analysis needs, we recommend you enable billing data export to BigQuery when you first set up a Cloud Billing account.

Can I save or share my Cloud Billing report view?

Multiple options are available.

• Save a report view: You can save customized report views using the Saved reports feature. Saved reports are available in the All reports page to anyone who has Cloud Billing account-level access to view billing reports.
• Share a report: You can Share a report by copying and sharing the URL of your customized Cloud Billing report.

• Bookmark a report: You can save a customized Cloud Billing report view to be accessible in your browser by bookmarking the report URL. The URL includes the report settings you selected.

  Note: As you configure your report by setting filters and groupings, your page URL updates to include your selections. It's possible that the URL length limit might be reached if you select many settings (for example, selecting 374 services out of 375). In these instances, the Share button is disabled and you see a notification on the reports page: The URL may no longer reflect your selected filters, due to length limitations.

• Print a report: You can Print the Cloud Billing report.

• Download report CSV: You can download the report data to a CSV file using the Download CSV selector at the top, right of the summary table.

• Create a custom report: You can recreate the report using queries of your exported Cloud Billing data.

How do I filter or group costs by zone, region, or multi-region?

You can group your costs by region or multi-region, and you can filter on locations (regions and multi-regions). The Cloud Billing reports don't support filtering or grouping by zone.

Why are my usage date costs different than my invoice month costs?

Google Cloud products report usage and cost data to Cloud Billing processes at varying intervals. As a result, you might see a delay between your use of Google Cloud services, and the usage and costs being available to view in Cloud Billing. Typically, your costs are available within a day, but can sometimes take more than 24 hours.

At the end of a calendar month, late-reported usage might not be included on that month's invoice and instead might roll over to the next month's invoice.

When you view your online reports, usage is shown by the actual usage date, which might be different from the invoice month.

Related topics

• Export Cloud Billing data to BigQuery
• Understand your savings with cost breakdown reports
• View your cost and payment history
• Create, modify, or close your Cloud Billing account