Diagnosing Issues with Cloud SQL Instances

MySQL | PostgreSQL

This page contains a list of the most frequent issues you might run into when working with Google Cloud SQL instances as well as steps you can take to address them. If the information here does not solve your issue, see the Support Overview for getting further help.

Viewing logs

To see information about recent operations, you can view the Cloud SQL instance operation logs or the PostgreSQL error logs.

Connection issues

Verify that you are authorized to connect

If your connections are failing, check that you are authorized to connect:

If you are having trouble connecting using an IP address, for example, you are connecting from your on-premises environment with the psql client, then make sure that the IP address you are connecting from is authorized to connect to the Cloud SQL instance. Here's your current IP address.
Try the gcloud sql connect to connect to your instance. This command authorizes your IP address for a short period of time. You can run this in an environment with Cloud SDK and psql client installed. You can also run this command in Google Cloud Shell, which is available in the Google Cloud Platform Console and has Cloud SDK and the psql client pre-installed. Cloud Shell provides a Compute Engine instance that you can use to connect to Cloud SQL.
Temporarily allow all IP addresses to connect to an instance by authorizing 0.0.0.0/0. This confirms that your client can connect.
Note: Authorizing all IP addresses opens your database to any client that tries to connect. If you have sensitive or proprietary data in your database, you should not use this method to investigate connectivity issues.

Understand connection limits

There are no QPS limits for Google Cloud SQL instances. However, there are connection, size, and App Engine specific limits in place.

Cloud SQL instances limits

Limit	MySQL First Generation instances	MySQL Second Generation instances	PostgreSQL instances	Notes
Concurrent connections	Determined by tier	4,000	100
Enqueued connection requests	100	N/A	N/A	First Generation instances only. Incoming connection requests are briefly queued before the connection is established. The queue can accept only 100 incoming connection requests.
Storage size	250 GB	Up to 10,230 GB, depending on machine type	Up to 10,230 GB, depending on whether the instance has dedicated or shared vCPUs.	It is possible to increase individual First Generation instance limits up to 500 GB for customers with a Silver or higher Google Cloud support package.

Google App Engine Limits

All database requests must finish within 24 hours.

Google App Engine applications are also subject to additional App Engine quotas and limits as discussed on the Quotas page.

To learn more about managing connections, see the FAQ How should I manage connections?.

Connections from Compute Engine

If you expect that connections between your Compute Engine instance and your Cloud SQL instance will include long-lived unused connections, then you should be aware that connections with a Compute Engine instance time out after 10 minutes of inactivity. For more information, see Networking and Firewalls in the Google Compute Engine documentation.

To keep long-lived unused connections alive, you can set the TCP keepalive. The following commands set the TCP keepalive value to one minute and make the configuration permanent across instance reboots.

# Display the current tcp_keepalive_time value.
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time

# Set tcp_keepalive_time to 60 seconds and make it permanent across reboots.
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 60' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

# Apply the change.
sudo /sbin/sysctl --load=/etc/sysctl.conf

# Display the tcp_keepalive_time value to verify the change was applied.
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time

Instance issues

Disk space

If your instance reaches the maximum storage amount allowed, writes to the database fail. If you delete data, for example, by dropping a table, the space is usually freed, but it is not reflected in the reported Storage Used of the instance. You can run the VACUUM FULL command to recover unused space; note that write operations are blocked while the vacuum command is running. Learn more.

Suspended state

There are a number of reasons why Google Cloud SQL may suspend an instance, including:

Billing issues

For example, if the credit card for the project's billing account has expired, the instance may be suspended. You can check the billing information for a project by going to the Google Cloud Platform Console billing page, selecting the project, and viewing the billing account information used for the project.
Legal issues

For example, a violation of the Google Cloud Platform Acceptable Use Policy may cause the instance to be suspended. For more information, see "Suspensions and Removals" in the Google Cloud Platform Terms of Service.
Operational issues

For example, if an instance is stuck in a crash loop, i.e., it crashes while starting or just after starting, Google Cloud SQL may suspend it.

While an instance is suspended, you can continue to view information about it or you can delete it. The instance may be unsuspended if the issue is resolved.

Cloud SQL users with Platinum, Gold, or Silver support packages can contact our support team directly about suspended instances. All users can use the guidance above along with the google-cloud-sql forum.

Performance

Keep a reasonable number of database schemas and tables

Database schemas and tables consume system resources. A very large number can affect instance performance.

General tips

Make sure that your instance is not constrained on memory or CPU. For performance-intensive workloads, your instance should have at least 60 GB of memory.

For slow database inserts, updates, or deletes, check the locations of the writer and database; sending data a long distance introduces latency.

For slow database selects, consider the following:

Caching is extremely important for read performance. Check the various blks_hit / (blks_hit + blks_read) ratios from the PostgreSQL Statistics Collector. Ideally, the ratio should be above 99%. If this is not the case, consider increasing the size of your instance's RAM.
If your workload consists of CPU intensive queries (sorting, regexes, other complex functions), your instance might be throttled; add vCPUs.
Check the location of the reader and database - latency will affect read performance even more than write performance.
Investigate non-Cloud SQL specific performance improvements, such as adding appropriate indexing, reducing data scanned, and avoiding extra round trips.

If you observe poor performance executing queries, use EXPLAIN to identify where to add indexes to tables to improve query performance. For example, make sure every field that you use as a JOIN key has an index on both tables.