Connect to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL from App Engine standard environment

Connect to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL from App Engine standard environment

MySQL   |  PostgreSQL   |  SQL Server

Learn how to deploy a sample app on App Engine standard environment connected to a PostgreSQL instance by using the Google Cloud console and a client application.

Assuming that you complete all the steps in a timely manner, the resources created in this quickstart typically cost less than one dollar (USD).

Before you begin

Note: The name you use for your project must be between 4 and 30 characters. When you type the name, the form suggests a project ID, which you can edit. The project ID must be between 6 and 30 characters, with a lowercase letter as the first character. You can use a dash, lowercase letter, or digit for the remaining characters, but the last character cannot be a dash.

1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

4. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

5. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

6. Enable the Cloud APIs necessary to run a Cloud SQL sample app on App Engine standard environment.

   Console

   Click the button below to enable the APIs required for this quickstart.

   Enable APIs

   This enables the following APIs:

   • Cloud SQL Admin API
   • Compute Engine API
   • Cloud Build API
   • Cloud Logging API

   gcloud

   Click the following button to open Cloud Shell, which provides command-line access to your Google Cloud resources directly from the browser. Cloud Shell can be used to run the gcloud commands presented throughout this quickstart.

   Open Cloud Shell

   Run the following gcloud command using Cloud Shell:

   gcloud services enable sqladmin.googleapis.com compute.googleapis.com \
   cloudbuild.googleapis.com logging.googleapis.com

   This command enables the following APIs:

   • Cloud SQL Admin API
   • Compute Engine API
   • Cloud Build API
   • Cloud Logging API

Set up Cloud SQL

Create a Cloud SQL instance

Public IP

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. Click Create instance.
3. Click Choose PostgreSQL.
4. Make sure that Enterprise Plus is selected as the Cloud SQL edition for your instance.
5. In the Instance ID field, enter quickstart-instance.
6. In the Password field, enter a password for the postgres user. Save this password for future use.
7. In the Choose region and zonal availability section, select Single zone.
8. Click the Show configuration options menu.
9. Expand the Machine configuration node.
10. From the Machine shapes region, select the 4 vCPU, 32 GB shape.
11. Click Create instance and then wait until the instance initializes and starts.

gcloud

Before running the command as follows, replace DB_ROOT_PASSWORD with the password of your database user.

Optionally, modify the values for the following parameters:

• --database-version: The database engine type and version. If left unspecified, the API default is used. See the gcloud database versions documentation to see the current available versions.
• --cpu: The number of cores desired in the machine.
• --memory: Whole number value indicating how much memory is desired in the machine. A size unit should be provided (for example, 3072MB or 9GB). If no units are specified, GB is assumed.
• --region: Regional location of the instance (for example asia-east1, us-east1). If left unspecified, the default us-central is used.

Run the gcloud sql instances create command to create a Cloud SQL instance.

gcloud sql instances create quickstart-instance \
--database-version=POSTGRES_14 \
 --cpu=1 \
 --memory=4GB \
 --region=us-central \
 --root-password=DB_ROOT_PASSWORD

Private IP

Console

Allocate an IP address range and create a private connection to configure private services access for Cloud SQL

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the VPC networks page.

   Go to VPC networks

2. Select the default VPC network.
3. Select the Private service connection tab.
4. Select the Allocated IP ranges for services tab.
5. Click Allocate IP range.
6. For the Name of the allocated range, specify google-managed-services-default.
7. Select the Automatic option for IP range and specify the prefix length as 16.
8. Click Allocate to create the allocated range.
9. Select the Private connections to services tab for the default VPC network.
10. Click Create connection to create a private connection between your network and a service producer.
11. For the Assigned allocation, select google-managed-services-default.
12. Click Connect to create the connection.

Create an instance with private IP address and SSL enabled

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. Click Create instance.
3. Click Choose PostgreSQL.
4. Make sure that Enterprise Plus is selected as the Cloud SQL edition for your instance.
5. In the Instance ID field, enter quickstart-instance.
6. In the Password field, enter a password for the postgres user. Save this password for future use.
7. In the Choose region and zonal availability section, select Single zone.
8. Click the Show configuration options menu.
9. Expand the Machine configuration node.
10. From the Machine shapes region, select the 4 vCPU, 32 GB shape.
11. Expand the Connections node.
12. Clear the Public IP checkbox to create an instance only with a private IP address.
13. Select the Private IP checkbox.
14. From the Network menu, select default.
15. Click Create instance and then wait for the instance to initialize and start.
16. Click Connections.
17. In the Security section, select Allow only SSL connections to enable SSL connections.
18. In the Allow only SSL connections dialog, click Save and then wait for the instance to restart.

gcloud

Allocate an IP address range and create a private connection to configure private services access for Cloud SQL

1. Run the gcloud compute addresses create command to allocate an IP address range.

   gcloud compute addresses create google-managed-services-default \
   --global --purpose=VPC_PEERING --prefix-length=16 \
   --description="peering range for Google" --network=default

2. Run the gcloud services vpc-peerings connect command to create a private connection to the allocated IP address range. Replace YOUR_PROJECT_ID with your project's project ID.

   gcloud services vpc-peerings connect --service=servicenetworking.googleapis.com \
   --ranges=google-managed-services-default --network=default \
   --project=YOUR_PROJECT_ID

Create an instance with private IP address and SSL enabled

1. Before running the command as follows, replace DB_ROOT_PASSWORD with the password of your database user.

Optionally, modify the values for the following parameters:

• --database-version: The database engine type and version. If left unspecified, the API default is used. See the gcloud database versions documentation to see the current available versions.
• --cpu: The number of cores in the machine.
• --memory: A whole number value indicating how much memory to include in the machine. A size unit can be provided (for example, 3072MB or 9GB). If no units are specified, GB is assumed.
• --region: The regional location of the instance (for example asia-east1, us-east1). If left unspecified, the default us-central1 is used. See the full list of regions.

Run the gcloud sql instances create command to create a Cloud SQL instance with a Private IP address.

gcloud sql instances create quickstart-instance \
--database-version=POSTGRES_14 \
 --cpu=1 \
 --memory=4GB \
 --region=us-central \
 --root-password=DB_ROOT_PASSWORD \
 --no-assign-ip \
--network=default

2. Run the gcloud sql instances patch command to enable only allow SSL connections for the instance.

gcloud sql instances patch quickstart-instance --require-ssl

Create a database

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. Select quickstart-instance.
3. From the SQL navigation menu, select Databases.
4. Click Create database.
1. In the Database name field of the New database dialog box, enter quickstart-db.
2. Click Create.

gcloud

Run the gcloud sql databases create command to create a database.

gcloud sql databases create quickstart-db --instance=quickstart-instance

Create a user

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
3. From the SQL navigation menu, select Users.
4. Click Add user account.
5. In the Add a user account to instance instance_name page, add the following information:
   1. In the User name field, enter quickstart-user.
   2. In the Password field, specify a password for your database user. Make a note of this password for use in a later step of this quickstart.
6. Click Add.

gcloud

Before running the following command, make the following replacements:

1. PASSWORD with a password for your database user. Make a note of this for use in a later step of this quickstart.

Run the gcloud sql users create command to create the user.

gcloud sql users create quickstart-user \
--instance=quickstart-instance \
--password=PASSWORD

User name length limits are the same for Cloud SQL as for on-premises PostgreSQL.

Deploy a sample app to App Engine standard environment

Create the App Engine application

Create the App Engine application in your Google Cloud project. This enables the App Engine service, creates a default App Engine application and creates a App Engine service account that will be used to connect to Cloud SQL.

Note: This step only needs to be performed once per Google Cloud project.

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the App Engine page.

   Go to App Engine

2. Click the Create application button.
3. Select us-central from the Select a region drop-down menu.
4. Click Next.
5. Click the I'll do this later link once it appears on the Get started page.

gcloud

1. Run the following gcloud app create command to create an App Engine application:

gcloud app create

2. When prompted to choose the region where you want your App Engine application located, enter the numeric choice for us-central.

Configure the App Engine service account

Configure the service account used by App Engine so that it has the Cloud SQL Client role with permissions to connect to Cloud SQL.

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

   Go to IAM

2. For the service account named App Engine default service account, click the pencil icon.
   Note: The name of the service account appears next to the principal for the account. The name of the principal is [e-mail].
3. Click Add another role.
4. Add the Role named Cloud SQL Client.
5. Click Save.

gcloud

1. Run the following gcloud command to get a list of your project's service accounts:

   gcloud iam service-accounts list

2. Copy the EMAIL of the App Engine service account.
3. Run the following command to add the Cloud SQL Client role to App Engine service account:

   gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding YOUR_PROJECT_ID \
     --member="serviceAccount:SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL" \
     --role="roles/cloudsql.client"

Configure and deploy a Cloud SQL sample app

With a Cloud SQL instance, database, and service account with client permissions, you can now configure and deploy a sample application to connect to your Cloud SQL instance.

Public IP

For public IP paths, App Engine standard environment provides encryption and connects using the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy through Unix sockets.

Go

1. In Cloud Shell Editor, open the sample app's source code.

   Open Cloud Shell Editor

2. In the Open in Cloud Shell dialog box, click Confirm to download the sample app code and open the sample app directory in Cloud Shell Editor.
3. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, run the following command to activate your project:

   gcloud config set project YOUR-PROJECT-ID

   Note: Replace YOUR-PROJECT-ID with your project ID.
4. If an Authorize Cloud Shell dialog box appears, then click Authorize.
5. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to and open the golang-samples/cloudsql/postgres/database-sql/cmd/app/app.standard.yaml file.
6. Replace the placeholders for the environment variables in the app.standard.yaml file with the following values:
• <PROJECT-ID> with your project ID.
• <INSTANCE-REGION> with us-central1.
• <INSTANCE-NAME> with your instance's ID that appears on the Cloud SQL instances page in the Google Cloud console.
• <YOUR_DB_USER_NAME> with quickstart-user.
• <YOUR_DB_PASSWORD> with the password of the quickstart-user that you created in Create a user.
• <YOUR_DB_NAME> with quickstart-db.
7. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, in the golang-samples/cloudsql/postgres/database-sql directory, run the following gcloud app deploy command to deploy the sample app to App Engine standard environment.

gcloud app deploy cmd/app/app.standard.yaml

8. If you're prompted to choose the region for creating the app, then enter the numeric choice for us-central.
9. When prompted with Do you want to continue?, enter Y.
10. When the deploy command completes, run the gcloud app browse command:

gcloud app browse

11. Click the generated link to see the sample app running on App Engine standard environment. This environment is connected to Cloud SQL.

Java

1. In Cloud Shell Editor, open the sample app's source code.

   Open Cloud Shell Editor

2. In the Open in Cloud Shell dialog box, click Confirm to download the sample app code and open the sample app directory in Cloud Shell Editor.
3. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, run the following command to activate your project:

   gcloud config set project YOUR-PROJECT-ID

   Note: Replace YOUR-PROJECT-ID with your project ID.
4. If an Authorize Cloud Shell dialog box appears, then click Authorize.
5. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to and open the java-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/servlet/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/appengine-web.xml file.
6. Replace the placeholders for the environment variables in the appengine-web.xml file with the following values:
• my-project:region:instance with your instance's Connection name that appears on the Cloud SQL instances page in the Google Cloud console.
• my-db-user with quickstart-user.
• my-db-password with the password of the quickstart-user that you created in Create a user.
• my_db with quickstart-db.
7. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, in the java-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/servlet directory, run the following Apache Maven mvn clean package command to deploy the sample app to App Engine standard environment.

mvn clean package appengine:deploy -DskipTests

8. If you're prompted to choose the region for creating the app, then enter the numeric choice for us-central.
9. When prompted with Do you want to continue?, enter Y.
10. When the deploy command completes, run the gcloud app browse command:

gcloud app browse

11. Click the generated link to see the sample app running on App Engine standard environment. This environment is connected to Cloud SQL.

Node.js

1. In Cloud Shell Editor, open the sample app's source code.

   Open Cloud Shell Editor

2. In the Open in Cloud Shell dialog box, click Confirm to download the sample app code and open the sample app directory in Cloud Shell Editor.
3. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, run the following command to activate your project:

   gcloud config set project YOUR-PROJECT-ID

   Note: Replace YOUR-PROJECT-ID with your project ID.
4. If an Authorize Cloud Shell dialog box appears, then click Authorize.
5. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to and open the nodejs-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/knex/app.standard.yaml file.
6. Replace the placeholders for the environment variables in the app.standard.yaml file with the following values:
• <MY-PROJECT> with your project ID.
• <INSTANCE-REGION> with us-central1.
• <INSTANCE-NAME> with your instance's ID that appears on the Cloud SQL instances page in the Google Cloud console.
• MY_DB_USER with quickstart-user.
• MY_DB_PASSWORD with the password of the quickstart-user that you created in Create a user.
• MY_DATABASE with quickstart-db.
7. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, in the nodejs-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/knex directory, run the following gcloud app deploy command to deploy the sample app to App Engine standard environment.

gcloud app deploy app.standard.yaml

8. If you're prompted to choose the region for creating the app, then enter the numeric choice for us-central.
9. When prompted with Do you want to continue?, enter Y.
10. When the deploy command completes, run the gcloud app browse command:

gcloud app browse

11. Click the generated link to see the sample app running on App Engine standard environment. This environment is connected to Cloud SQL.

Python

1. In Cloud Shell Editor, open the sample app's source code.

   Open Cloud Shell Editor

2. In the Open in Cloud Shell dialog box, click Confirm to download the sample app code and open the sample app directory in Cloud Shell Editor.
3. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, run the following command to activate your project:

   gcloud config set project YOUR-PROJECT-ID

   Note: Replace YOUR-PROJECT-ID with your project ID.
4. If an Authorize Cloud Shell dialog box appears, then click Authorize.
5. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to and open the python-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/sqlalchemy/app.standard.yaml file.
6. Replace the placeholders for the environment variables in the app.standard.yaml file with the following values:
• <PROJECT-ID> with your project ID.
• <INSTANCE-REGION> with us-central1.
• <INSTANCE-NAME> with your instance's ID that appears on the Cloud SQL instances page in the Google Cloud console.
• <YOUR_DB_USER_NAME> with quickstart-user.
• <YOUR_DB_PASSWORD> with the password of the quickstart-user that you created in Create a user.
• <YOUR_DB_NAME> with quickstart-db.
7. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, in the python-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/sqlalchemy directory, run the following gcloud app deploy command to deploy the sample app to App Engine standard environment.

gcloud app deploy app.standard.yaml

8. If you're prompted to choose the region for creating the app, then enter the numeric choice for us-central.
9. When prompted with Do you want to continue?, enter Y.
10. When the deploy command completes, run the gcloud app browse command:

gcloud app browse

11. Click the generated link to see the sample app running on App Engine standard environment. This environment is connected to Cloud SQL.

Private IP

For private IP paths, your application connects directly to your instance through Serverless VPC Access. This method uses a TCP socket to connect directly to the Cloud SQL instance without using the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy.

Go

Create and download SSL server and client certificates

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. Click the quickstart-instance to see its Overview page
3. Click the Connections tab.
4. Under the Security section, click Create client certificate.
5. In the Create a client certificate dialog, enter quickstart-key as the name and click Create.

6. In the New SSL certificate created dialog, click each download link to download the certificates. Then, click Close.

   Important: Store this private key securely. If you lose it, you must create a new client certificate.

Create a Serverless VPC Connection for connections to the instance via Private IP

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Serverless VPC access - Create connector page.

   Create Serverless VPC connector

2. Enter quickstart-connector for the Name.
3. Select default from the Network drop-down menu
4. Select Custom IP range from the Subnet drop-down menu
5. Enter 10.8.0.0 in the IP range input box
6. Click Create to create the connector.

Build sample app with SSL certificates

1. In Cloud Shell Editor, open the sample app's source code.
   Open Cloud Shell Editor
2. In the Open in Cloud Shell dialog box, click Confirm to download the sample app code and open the sample app directory in Cloud Shell Editor.
3. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, run the following command to activate your project:

   gcloud config set project YOUR-PROJECT-ID

   Note: Replace YOUR-PROJECT-ID with your project ID.
4. If an Authorize Cloud Shell dialog box appears, then click Authorize.
5. Upload SSL certs files to certs folder.
   1. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to the golang-samples/cloudsql/postgres/database-sql/certs folder.
   2. Right-click certs folder in Cloud Shell Editor and select Upload Files
   3. Select following files on your local machine:
   • client-key.pem
   • client-cert.pem
   • server-ca.pem
   4. With the three SSL certificate files selected, click Open to complete the process of uploading the files to Cloud Shell Editor.
6. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to and open the golang-samples/cloudsql/postgres/database-sql/cmd/app/app.standard.yaml file.
7. Copy and paste the following code into the file, replacing the existing file content:

runtime: go116

env_variables:
  DB_USER: quickstart-user
  DB_PASS: YOUR_DB_PASSWORD
  DB_NAME: quickstart-db
  DB_PORT: 3306
  INSTANCE_HOST: INSTANCE_HOST
  DB_ROOT_CERT: certs/server-ca.pem
  DB_CERT: certs/client-cert.pem
  DB_KEY: certs/client-key.pem
  PRIVATE_IP: TRUE

vpc_access_connector:
  name: projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/us-central1/connectors/quickstart-connector

8. Make the following variable replacements:
• YOUR_DB_PASSWORD with the password of the quickstart-user that you created in Create a user.
• INSTANCE_HOST with your instance's Private IP address that appears on the Cloud SQL instances page in the Google Cloud console.
• PROJECT_ID with your project ID.
9. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, in the golang-samples/cloudsql/postgres/database-sql directory, run the following gcloud app deploy command to deploy the sample app to App Engine standard environment.

gcloud app deploy cmd/app/app.standard.yaml

10. If you're prompted to choose the region for creating the app, then enter the numeric choice for us-central.
11. When prompted with Do you want to continue?, enter Y.
12. When the deploy command completes, run the gcloud app browse command:

gcloud app browse

13. Click the generated link to see the sample app running on App Engine standard environment. This environment is connected to Cloud SQL.

Java

Create and download SSL server and client certificates

For Java users, the connector already provides a secure connection so that creating and downloading SSL server and client certificates is unnecessary.

Create a Serverless VPC Connection for connections to the instance via Private IP

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Serverless VPC access - Create connector page.

   Create Serverless VPC connector

2. Enter quickstart-connector for the Name.
3. Select default from the Network drop-down menu
4. Select Custom IP range from the Subnet drop-down menu
5. Enter 10.8.0.0 in the IP range input box
6. Click Create to create the connector.

Build Sample App

1. In Cloud Shell Editor, open the sample app's source code.
   Open Cloud Shell Editor
2. In the Open in Cloud Shell dialog box, click Confirm to download the sample app code and open the sample app directory in Cloud Shell Editor.
3. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, run the following command to activate your project:

   gcloud config set project YOUR-PROJECT-ID

   Note: Replace YOUR-PROJECT-ID with your project ID.
4. If an Authorize Cloud Shell dialog box appears, then click Authorize.
5. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to and open the java-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/servlet/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/appengine-web.xml file.
6. Copy and paste the following code into the appengine-web.xml file, replacing the existing file content:

<runtime>java17</runtime>
  <env-variables>
    <env-var name="INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME" value="project-name:region-name:instance-name" />
    <env-var name="DB_PORT" value="5432" />
    <env-var name="DB_USER" value="quickstart-user" />
    <env-var name="DB_PASS" value="my-db-password" />
    <env-var name="DB_NAME" value="quickstart-db" />
  </env-variables>
<vpc-access-connector>
  <name>projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/us-central1/connectors/quickstart-connector</name>
  <egress-setting>all-traffic</egress-setting>
</vpc-access-connector>

7. Make the following variable replacements:
• project-name:region-name:instance-name with your instance's Connection name that appears on the Cloud SQL instances page in the Google Cloud console.
• my-db-password with the password of the quickstart-user that you created in Create a user.
• PROJECT_ID with your project ID.
8. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, in the java-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/servlet directory, run the following Apache Maven mvn clean package command to deploy the sample app to App Engine standard environment.

mvn clean package appengine:deploy -DskipTests

9. If you're prompted to choose the region for creating the app, then enter the numeric choice for us-central.
10. When prompted with Do you want to continue?, enter Y.
11. When the deploy command completes, run the gcloud app browse command:

gcloud app browse

12. Click the generated link to see the sample app running on App Engine standard environment. This environment is connected to Cloud SQL.

Node.js

Create and download SSL server and client certificates

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. Click the quickstart-instance to see its Overview page
3. Click the Connections tab.
4. Under the Security section, click Create client certificate.
5. In the Create a client certificate dialog, enter quickstart-key as the name and click Create.

6. In the New SSL certificate created dialog, click each download link to download the certificates. Then, click Close.

   Important: Store this private key securely. If you lose it, you must create a new client certificate.

Create a Serverless VPC Connection for connections to the instance via Private IP

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Serverless VPC access - Create connector page.

   Create Serverless VPC connector

2. Enter quickstart-connector for the Name.
3. Select default from the Network drop-down menu
4. Select Custom IP range from the Subnet drop-down menu
5. Enter 10.8.0.0 in the IP range input box
6. Click Create to create the connector.

Build sample app with SSL certificates

1. In Cloud Shell Editor, open the sample app's source code.
   Open Cloud Shell Editor
2. In the Open in Cloud Shell dialog box, click Confirm to download the sample app code and open the sample app directory in Cloud Shell Editor.
3. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, run the following command to activate your project:

   gcloud config set project YOUR-PROJECT-ID

   Note: Replace YOUR-PROJECT-ID with your project ID.
4. If an Authorize Cloud Shell dialog box appears, then click Authorize.
5. Upload SSL certs files to certs folder.
   1. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to the nodejs-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/knex/certs folder.
   2. Right-click certs folder in Cloud Shell Editor and select Upload Files
   3. Select following files on your local machine:
   • client-key.pem
   • client-cert.pem
   • server-ca.pem
   4. With the three SSL certificate files selected, click Open to complete the process of uploading the files to Cloud Shell Editor.
6. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to and open the nodejs-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/knex/app.standard.yaml file.
7. Copy and paste the following code into the file, replacing the existing file content:

runtime: nodejs16

env_variables:
  DB_USER: quickstart-user
  DB_PASS: MY_DB_PASSWORD
  DB_NAME: quickstart-db
  DB_PORT: 5432
  INSTANCE_HOST: INSTANCE_HOST
  DB_ROOT_CERT: certs/server-ca.pem
  DB_CERT: certs/client-cert.pem
  DB_KEY: certs/client-key.pem
  PRIVATE_IP: TRUE

vpc_access_connector:
  name: projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/us-central1/connectors/quickstart-connector

8. Make the following variable replacements:
• MY_DB_PASSWORD with the password of the quickstart-user that you created in Create a user.
• INSTANCE_HOST with your instance's Private IP address that appears on the Cloud SQL instances page in the Google Cloud console.
• PROJECT_ID with your project ID.
9. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, in the nodejs-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/knex directory, run the following gcloud app deploy command to deploy the sample app to App Engine standard environment.

gcloud app deploy app.standard.yaml

10. If you're prompted to choose the region for creating the app, then enter the numeric choice for us-central.
11. When prompted with Do you want to continue?, enter Y.
12. When the deploy command completes, run the gcloud app browse command:

gcloud app browse

13. Click the generated link to see the sample app running on App Engine standard environment. This environment is connected to Cloud SQL.

Python

Create and download SSL server and client certificates

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. Click the quickstart-instance to see its Overview page
3. Click the Connections tab.
4. Under the Security section, click Create client certificate.
5. In the Create a client certificate dialog, enter quickstart-key as the name and click Create.

6. In the New SSL certificate created dialog, click each download link to download the certificates. Then, click Close.

   Important: Store this private key securely. If you lose it, you must create a new client certificate.

Create a Serverless VPC Connection for connections to the instance via Private IP

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Serverless VPC access - Create connector page.

   Create Serverless VPC connector

2. Enter quickstart-connector for the Name.
3. Select default from the Network drop-down menu
4. Select Custom IP range from the Subnet drop-down menu
5. Enter 10.8.0.0 in the IP range input box
6. Click Create to create the connector.

Build sample app with SSL certificates

1. In Cloud Shell Editor, open the sample app's source code.
   Open Cloud Shell Editor
2. In the Open in Cloud Shell dialog box, click Confirm to download the sample app code and open the sample app directory in Cloud Shell Editor.
3. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, run the following command to activate your project:

   gcloud config set project YOUR-PROJECT-ID

   Note: Replace YOUR-PROJECT-ID with your project ID.
4. If an Authorize Cloud Shell dialog box appears, then click Authorize.
5. Upload SSL certs files to certs folder.
   1. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to the python-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/sqlalchemy/certs folder.
   2. Right-click certs folder in Cloud Shell Editor and select Upload Files
   3. Select following files on your local machine:
   • client-key.pem
   • client-cert.pem
   • server-ca.pem
   4. With the three SSL certificate files selected, click Open to complete the process of uploading the files to Cloud Shell Editor.
6. From the Explorer navigation menu of Cloud Shell Editor, navigate to and open the python-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/sqlalchemy/app.standard.yaml file.
7. Copy and paste the following code into the file, replacing the existing file content:

runtime: python37
entrypoint: gunicorn -b :$PORT app:app

env_variables:
  DB_USER: quickstart-user
  DB_PASS: YOUR_DB_PASSWORD
  DB_NAME: quickstart-db
  DB_PORT: 5432
  INSTANCE_HOST: INSTANCE_HOST
  DB_ROOT_CERT: certs/server-ca.pem
  DB_CERT: certs/client-cert.pem
  DB_KEY: certs/client-key.pem
  PRIVATE_IP: TRUE

vpc_access_connector:
  name: projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/us-central1/connectors/quickstart-connector

8. Make the following variable replacements:
• YOUR_DB_PASSWORD with the password of the quickstart-user that you created in Create a user.
• INSTANCE_HOST with your instance's Private IP address that appears on the Cloud SQL instances page in the Google Cloud console.
• PROJECT_ID with your project ID.
9. At the Cloud Shell command prompt, in the python-docs-samples/cloud-sql/postgres/sqlalchemy directory, run the following gcloud app deploy command to deploy the sample app to App Engine standard environment.

gcloud app deploy app.standard.yaml

10. If you're prompted to choose the region for creating the app, then enter the numeric choice for us-central.
11. When prompted with Do you want to continue?, enter Y.
12. When the deploy command completes, run the gcloud app browse command:

gcloud app browse

13. Click the generated link to see the sample app running on App Engine standard environment. This environment is connected to Cloud SQL.

Clean up

To avoid incurring charges to your Google Cloud account for the resources used on this page, follow these steps.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. Select the quickstart-instance instance to open the Instance details page.
3. In the icon bar at the top of the page, click Delete.
4. In the Delete instance dialog box, type quickstart-instance, and then click Delete to delete the instance. Disabling your app stops it from running instances and serving requests. If your app is processing a request, your app completes the request before being disabled.

To disable an App Engine app and retain its data, do the following:

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Settings page:

   Go to Settings

2. In the Application settings tab, click Disable application.

3. In the App ID field, enter the ID of the app you want to disable, and then click Disable.

Optional cleanup steps

If you're not using the Cloud SQL client role that you assigned to the Compute Engine service account, you can remove it.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

   Go to IAM

2. Click the edit icon (which looks like a pencil) for the IAM account named Compute Engine default service account.
3. Delete the Cloud SQL client role.
4. Click Save.

If you're not using the APIs that were enabled as part of this quickstart, you can disable them.

• APIs that were enabled within this quickstart:
  • Compute Engine API
  • Cloud SQL Admin API
  • Cloud Run API
  • Container Registry API
  • Cloud Build API

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the APIs page.

   Go to APIs

2. Select any API that you would like to disable and then click the Disable API button.

What's next

Based on your needs, you can learn more about creating Cloud SQL instances.

You also can learn about creating PostgreSQL users and databases for your Cloud SQL instance.

For more information about pricing, see Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL pricing.

Learn more about:

• Configuring your Cloud SQL instance with a public IP address.
• Configuring your Cloud SQL instance with a private IP address.

Additionally, you can learn about connecting to a Cloud SQL instance from other Google Cloud applications:

• From an application running on App Engine standard environment
• From an application running on Compute Engine
• From an application running on GKE
• From Cloud Run functions
• From Cloud Run