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Utiliser des données JSONB

Cette page explique comment utiliser le type de données JSONB lorsque vous utilisez Spanner.

JSONB est un type de données PostgreSQL utilisé pour contenir des données semi-structurées dans le dialecte PostgreSQL de Spanner. JSONB contient des données au format JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), qui respecte la spécification décrit dans le document RFC 7159.

Spécifications

Le type de données JSONB de Spanner stocke une représentation normalisée du document d'entrée. Cela implique ce qui suit:

Les guillemets et les espaces blancs ne sont pas conservés.
Les commentaires ne sont pas acceptés. Les transactions ou les requêtes avec commentaires échouent.
Les clés d'objet sont d'abord triées par longueur de clé, puis de façon lexicographique par la longueur de clé d'objet équivalente. S'il existe des clés d'objet en double, seule la dernière l'une d'entre elles est préservée.
Le type et la valeur des types primitifs (string, boolean, number et null) sont conservés.
- Les valeurs de type string sont conservées exactement.
- Les zéros de fin sont conservés. Le format de sortie des valeurs de type number n'utilise pas la notation scientifique.

Les valeurs null JSONB sont traitées comme des valeurs SQL non NULL. Par exemple:

SELECT null::jsonb IS NULL;  -- Returns true
SELECT 'null'::jsonb IS NULL; -- Returns false

SELECT '{"a":null}'::jsonb -> 'a' IS NULL; -- Returns false
SELECT '{"a":null}'::jsonb -> 'b' IS NULL; -- Returns true

SELECT '{"a":null}'::jsonb -> 'a'; -- Returns a JSONB 'null'
SELECT '{"a":null}'::jsonb -> 'b'; -- Returns a SQL NULL

L'ordre des éléments de tableau JSONB est conservé.

Restrictions

Les restrictions suivantes s'appliquent avec le fichier Spanner JSONB:

Les arguments de la fonction to_jsonb ne peuvent provenir que du groupe PostgreSQL compatibles avec Spanner.
Les valeurs de type numérique peuvent avoir 4 932 chiffres avant la virgule et 16 383 chiffres après la virgule.
La taille maximale autorisée du format de stockage normalisé est de 10 Mo.
Les documents JSONB doivent être encodés au format UTF-8. Transactions ou requêtes avec JSONB les documents codés dans d'autres formats renvoient une erreur.

Créer une table avec des colonnes JSONB

Vous pouvez ajouter une colonne JSONB à une table lorsque vous la créez.

CREATE TABLE Venues (
 VenueId   BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
 VenueName  VARCHAR(1024),
 VenueAddress VARCHAR(1024),
 VenueFeatures JSONB,
 DateOpened  TIMESTAMPTZ
);

Voici un exemple d'objet JSONB VenueFeatures:

{
    "rating": 4.5,
    "capacity":"1500",
    "construction":"brick",
    "tags": [
        "multi-cuisine",
        "open-seating",
        "stage",
        "public address system"
    ]
}

Ajouter et supprimer des colonnes JSONB dans les tables existantes

Vous pouvez ajouter une colonne JSONB et la supprimer à l'aide des instructions ALTER comme suit:

ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN VenueDetails JSONB;
ALTER TABLE Venues DROP COLUMN VenueDetails;

L'exemple suivant montre comment ajouter une colonne JSONB appelée VenueDetails pour la table Venues à l'aide des bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

C++

void JsonbAddColumn(google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
                    google::cloud::spanner::Database const& database) {
  std::vector<std::string> statements = {
      R"""(
        ALTER TABLE Venues
            ADD COLUMN VenueDetails JSONB
      )""",
  };
  auto metadata =
      client.UpdateDatabaseDdl(database.FullName(), statements).get();
  if (!metadata) throw std::move(metadata).status();
  std::cout << "Added JSONB column to table Venues in database "
            << database.FullName() << "\nNew DDL:\n"
            << metadata->DebugString();
}

C#


using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class AddJsonbColumnAsyncPostgresSample
{
    public async Task AddJsonbColumnAsyncPostgres(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        string alterStatement = $"ALTER TABLE VenueDetails ADD COLUMN Details JSONB";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var ddlCmd = connection.CreateDdlCommand(alterStatement);
        await ddlCmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
        Console.WriteLine($"Added the JSONB column named Details to VenueDetails table.");
    }
}

Go


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"regexp"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1/databasepb"
)

// addJsonBColumn creates a column in the database of type JSONB
func addJsonBColumn(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	// db = `projects/<project>/instances/<instance-id>/database/<database-id>`
	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.*)/databases/(.*)$").FindStringSubmatch(db)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
		return fmt.Errorf("addJsonbColumn: invalid database id %s", db)
	}

	ctx := context.Background()
	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	op, err := adminClient.UpdateDatabaseDdl(ctx, &adminpb.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest{
		Database: db,
		Statements: []string{
			"ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN VenueDetails JSONB",
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Added VenueDetails column\n")
	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseAdminClient;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseName;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

class AddJsonbColumnSample {

  static void addJsonbColumn() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";

    addJsonbColumn(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
  }

  static void addJsonbColumn(String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId)
      throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .build()
            .getService();
        DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = spanner.createDatabaseAdminClient()) {
      // JSONB datatype is only supported with PostgreSQL-dialect databases.
      // Wait for the operation to finish.
      // This will throw an ExecutionException if the operation fails.
      databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdlAsync(
          DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId),
          ImmutableList.of("ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN VenueDetails JSONB")).get();
      System.out.printf("Successfully added column `VenueDetails`%n");
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud Spanner client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// Instantiates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

async function pgJsonbAddColumn() {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner Database Admin Client object
  const databaseAdminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();

  const request = ['ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN VenueDetails JSONB'];

  // Updates schema by adding a new table.
  const [operation] = await databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdl({
    database: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
      projectId,
      instanceId,
      databaseId
    ),
    statements: request,
  });
  console.log(`Waiting for operation on ${databaseId} to complete...`);
  await operation.promise();
  console.log(
    `Added jsonb column to table venues to database ${databaseId}.`
  );
}
pgJsonbAddColumn();

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Client\DatabaseAdminClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest;

/**
 * Add a JSONB column to a table present in a PG Spanner database.
 *
 * @param string $projectId The Google Cloud project ID.
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 * @param string $tableName The table in which the column needs to be added.
 */
function pg_add_jsonb_column(
    string $projectId,
    string $instanceId,
    string $databaseId,
    string $tableName = 'Venues'
): void {
    $databaseAdminClient = new DatabaseAdminClient();
    $databaseName = DatabaseAdminClient::databaseName($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);
    $statement = sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s ADD COLUMN VenueDetails JSONB', $tableName);
    $request = new UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest([
        'database' => $databaseName,
        'statements' => [$statement]
    ]);

    $operation = $databaseAdminClient->updateDatabaseDdl($request);

    print('Waiting for operation to complete...' . PHP_EOL);
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();

    print(sprintf('Added column VenueDetails on table %s.', $tableName) . PHP_EOL);
}

Python

def add_jsonb_column(instance_id, database_id):
    """
    Alters Venues tables in the database adding a JSONB column.
    You can create the table by running the `create_table_with_datatypes`
    sample or by running this DDL statement against your database:
    CREATE TABLE Venues (
      VenueId         BIGINT NOT NULL,
      VenueName       character varying(100),
      VenueInfo       BYTEA,
      Capacity        BIGINT,
      OutdoorVenue    BOOL,
      PopularityScore FLOAT8,
      Revenue         NUMERIC,
      LastUpdateTime  SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (VenueId))
    """
    # instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
    # database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

    from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import \
        spanner_database_admin

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

    request = spanner_database_admin.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest(
        database=database_admin_api.database_path(
            spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
        ),
        statements=["ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN VenueDetails JSONB"],
    )

    operation = database_admin_api.update_database_ddl(request)

    print("Waiting for operation to complete...")
    operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)

    print(
        'Altered table "Venues" on database {} on instance {}.'.format(
            database_id, instance_id
        )
    )

Ruby

require "google/cloud/spanner"

def spanner_postgresql_jsonb_add_column project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  # project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
  # instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
  # database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"


  # Show how to add JSONB column
  db_admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database.database_admin project: project_id

  db_path = db_admin_client.database_path project: project_id,
                                          instance: instance_id,
                                          database: database_id

  add_column_query = "ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN VenueDetails JSONB"

  job = db_admin_client.update_database_ddl database: db_path,
                                            statements: [add_column_query]

  job.wait_until_done!

  if job.error?
    puts "Error while adding column. Code: #{job.error.code}. Message: #{job.error.message}"
    raise GRPC::BadStatus.new(job.error.code, job.error.message)
  end

  puts "Added Venues column to VenueDetails table in database #{database_id}"
end

Modifier les données JSONB

Vous pouvez modifier une colonne JSONB comme n'importe quelle autre colonne.

Voici un exemple:

UPDATE Venues SET VenueFeatures = '{"rating": 4.5, "tags":["multi-cuisine", "open-seating"] }'
  WHERE VenueId = 1;

L'exemple suivant montre comment mettre à jour des données JSONB à l'aide des bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

C++

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez la page Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

Pour vous authentifier auprès de Spanner, configurez le service Identifiants par défaut de l'application. Pour en savoir plus, consultez Configurer l'authentification pour un environnement de développement local.

void JsonbUpdateData(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  auto venue19_details = google::cloud::spanner::JsonB(R"""(
        {"rating": 9, "open": true}
      )""");
  // PG.JSONB takes the last value in the case of duplicate keys.
  auto venue4_details = google::cloud::spanner::JsonB(R"""(
        [
          {"name": null, "available": true},
          {"name": "room 2", "available": false, "name": "room 3"},
          {
            "main hall": {
              "description": "this is the biggest space",
              "size": 200
            }
          }
        ]
      )""");
  auto venue42_details = google::cloud::spanner::JsonB(R"""(
        {
          "name": null,
          "open": {"Monday": true, "Tuesday": false},
          "tags": ["large", "airy"]
        }
      )""");
  auto update_venues = google::cloud::spanner::InsertOrUpdateMutationBuilder(
                           "Venues", {"VenueId", "VenueDetails"})
                           .EmplaceRow(19, venue19_details)
                           .EmplaceRow(4, venue4_details)
                           .EmplaceRow(42, venue42_details)
                           .Build();
  auto commit_result =
      client.Commit(google::cloud::spanner::Mutations{update_venues});
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Updated data.\n";
}

C#

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.


using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class UpdateDataWithJsonbAsyncPostgresSample
{
    public async Task UpdateDataWithJsonbAsyncPostgres(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        List<VenueInformation> venueInformationList = new List<VenueInformation>
        {
            // If you are using .NET Core 3.1 or later, you can use System.Text.Json for serialization instead.
            new VenueInformation
            {
                VenueId = 19,
                Details = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new
                {
                    rating = 9,
                    open = true,
                })
            },
            new VenueInformation
            {
                VenueId = 4,
                // In the case of repeated field names in the JSON, PostgreSQL JSONB will keep the value of the last field appearance.
                // For instance, in the following example, the value for name will be room 3.
                Details = @"
                {
                    ""name"": ""room 2"",
                    ""available"": false,
                    ""name"": ""room 3""
                }"
            },
            new VenueInformation
            {
                VenueId = 42,
                Details = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new
                {
                    name = "Central Park",
                    open = new
                    {
                        Monday = true,
                        Tuesday = false,
                    },
                    tags = new string[] {"large", "airy" },
                }),
            },
        };
        // Create connection to Cloud Spanner.
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        await Task.WhenAll(venueInformationList.Select(venue =>
        {
            // Update rows in the Venues table.
            using var cmd = connection.CreateUpdateCommand("VenueInformation", new SpannerParameterCollection
            {
                { "VenueId", SpannerDbType.Int64, venue.VenueId },
                { "Details", SpannerDbType.PgJsonb, venue.Details }
            });
            return cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
        }));
        Console.WriteLine("Data updated.");
    }

    public struct VenueInformation
    {
        public int VenueId { get; set; }
        public string Details { get; set; }
    }
}

Go

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez la page Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"regexp"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

// updateDataWithJsonBColumn updates database with JsonB type values
func updateDataWithJsonBColumn(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	// db = `projects/<project>/instances/<instance-id>/database/<database-id>`
	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.*)/databases/(.*)$").FindStringSubmatch(db)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
		return fmt.Errorf("updateDataWithJsonBColumn: invalid database id %s", db)
	}

	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	type VenueDetails struct {
		Name   spanner.NullString   `json:"name"`
		Rating spanner.NullFloat64  `json:"rating"`
		Open   interface{}          `json:"open"`
		Tags   []spanner.NullString `json:"tags"`
	}

	details_1 := spanner.PGJsonB{Value: []VenueDetails{
		{Name: spanner.NullString{StringVal: "room1", Valid: true}, Open: true},
		{Name: spanner.NullString{StringVal: "room2", Valid: true}, Open: false},
	}, Valid: true}
	details_2 := spanner.PGJsonB{Value: VenueDetails{
		Rating: spanner.NullFloat64{Float64: 9, Valid: true},
		Open:   true,
	}, Valid: true}

	details_3 := spanner.PGJsonB{Value: VenueDetails{
		Name: spanner.NullString{Valid: false},
		Open: map[string]bool{"monday": true, "tuesday": false},
		Tags: []spanner.NullString{{StringVal: "large", Valid: true}, {StringVal: "airy", Valid: true}},
	}, Valid: true}

	cols := []string{"VenueId", "VenueDetails"}
	_, err = client.Apply(ctx, []*spanner.Mutation{
		spanner.Update("Venues", cols, []interface{}{4, details_1}),
		spanner.Update("Venues", cols, []interface{}{19, details_2}),
		spanner.Update("Venues", cols, []interface{}{42, details_3}),
	})

	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updated data to VenueDetails column\n")

	return nil
}

Java

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez la page Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Mutation;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Value;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;

class UpdateJsonbDataSample {

  static void updateJsonbData() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";

    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService()) {
      DatabaseClient client =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
      updateJsonbData(client);
    }
  }

  static void updateJsonbData(DatabaseClient client) {
    // PG JSONB takes the last value in the case of duplicate keys.
    // PG JSONB sorts first by key length and then lexicographically with
    // equivalent key length.
    client.write(
        ImmutableList.of(
            Mutation.newInsertOrUpdateBuilder("Venues")
                .set("VenueId")
                .to(4L)
                .set("VenueDetails")
                .to(
                    Value.pgJsonb(
                        "[{\"name\":\"room 1\",\"open\":true,\"name\":\"room 3\"},"
                            + "{\"name\":\"room 2\",\"open\":false}]"))
                .build(),
            Mutation.newInsertOrUpdateBuilder("Venues")
                .set("VenueId")
                .to(19L)
                .set("VenueDetails")
                .to(Value.pgJsonb("{\"rating\":9,\"open\":true}"))
                .build(),
            Mutation.newInsertOrUpdateBuilder("Venues")
                .set("VenueId")
                .to(42L)
                .set("VenueDetails")
                .to(
                    Value.pgJsonb(
                        "{\"name\":null,"
                            + "\"open\":{\"Monday\":true,\"Tuesday\":false},"
                            + "\"tags\":[\"large\",\"airy\"]}"))
                .build()));
    System.out.println("Venues successfully updated");
  }
}

Node.js

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez la page Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud Spanner client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// Instantiates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

async function pgJsonbUpdateData() {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database.
  const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
  const database = instance.database(databaseId);
  // Instantiate Spanner table objects.
  const venuesTable = database.table('venues');

  const data = [
    {
      VenueId: '19',
      VenueDetails: {rating: 9, open: true},
    },
    {
      VenueId: '4',
      // PG JSONB sorts first by key length and then lexicographically with equivalent key length
      // and takes the last value in the case of duplicate keys
      VenueDetails: `[
      {
        "name": null,
        "available": true
      },
      {
        "name": "room 2",
        "available": false,
        "name": "room 3"
      },
      {
        "main hall": {
          "description": "this is the biggest space",
          "size": 200
        }
      }
    ]`,
    },
    {
      VenueId: '42',
      VenueDetails: {
        name: null,
        open: {
          Monday: true,
          Tuesday: false,
        },
        tags: ['large', 'airy'],
      },
    },
  ];

  try {
    await venuesTable.update(data);
    console.log('Updated data.');
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  } finally {
    // Close the database when finished.
    await database.close();
  }
}
pgJsonbUpdateData();

PHP

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Insert/update data in a JSONB column in a Postgres table.
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 * @param string $tableName The table in which the data needs to be updated.
 */
function pg_jsonb_update_data(
    string $instanceId,
    string $databaseId,
    string $tableName = 'Venues'
): void {
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $database->insertOrUpdateBatch($tableName, [
        [
            'VenueId' => 1,
            'VenueDetails' => '{"rating": 9, "open": true}'
        ],
        [
            'VenueId' => 4,
            'VenueDetails' => '[
                {
                    "name": null,
                    "available": true
                },' .
                // PG JSONB sorts first by key length and then lexicographically with
                // equivalent key length and takes the last value in the case of duplicate keys
                '{
                    "name": "room 2",
                    "available": false,
                    "name": "room 3"
                },
                {
                    "main hall": {
                        "description": "this is the biggest space",
                        "size": 200
                    }
                }
            ]'
        ],
        [
            'VenueId' => 42,
            'VenueDetails' => $spanner->pgJsonb([
                'name' => null,
                'open' => [
                    'Monday' => true,
                    'Tuesday' => false
                ],
                'tags' => ['large', 'airy'],
            ])
        ]
    ]);

    print(sprintf('Inserted/updated 3 rows in table %s', $tableName) . PHP_EOL);
}

Python

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez la page Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

Pour vous authentifier auprès de Spanner, configurez les identifiants par défaut de l'application. Pour en savoir plus, consultez Configurer l'authentification pour un environnement de développement local.

def update_data_with_jsonb(instance_id, database_id):
    """Updates Venues tables in the database with the JSONB
    column.
    This updates the `VenueDetails` column which must be created before
    running this sample. You can add the column by running the
    `add_jsonb_column` sample or by running this DDL statement
     against your database:
        ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN VenueDetails JSONB
    """
    # instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
    # database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    """
    PG JSONB takes the last value in the case of duplicate keys.
    PG JSONB sorts first by key length and then lexicographically with
    equivalent key length.
    """

    with database.batch() as batch:
        batch.update(
            table="Venues",
            columns=("VenueId", "VenueDetails"),
            values=[
                (
                    4,
                    JsonObject(
                        [
                            JsonObject({"name": None, "open": True}),
                            JsonObject({"name": "room 2", "open": False}),
                        ]
                    ),
                ),
                (19, JsonObject(rating=9, open=True)),
                (
                    42,
                    JsonObject(
                        {
                            "name": None,
                            "open": {"Monday": True, "Tuesday": False},
                            "tags": ["large", "airy"],
                        }
                    ),
                ),
            ],
        )

    print("Updated data.")

Ruby

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

require "google/cloud/spanner"

def spanner_postgresql_jsonb_update_data project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  # project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
  # instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
  # database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

  # Insert JSONB data into table
  spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
  client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

  data = [
    {
      VenueId: "19",
      VenueDetails: { rating: 9, open: true }
    },
    {
      VenueId: "4",
      VenueDetails: [
        {
          name: null,
          open: true
        },
        {
          name: "room 2",
          open: false
        },
        {
          main_hall: {
            description: "this is the biggest space",
            size: 200
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      VenueId: "42",
      VenueDetails: {
        name: null,
        open: {
          Monday: true,
          Tuesday: false
        },
        tags: ["large", "airy"]
      }
    }
  ]

  client.upsert "Venues", data
  puts "Inserted data into Venues table"
end

Interroger des données JSONB

Vous pouvez interroger les colonnes JSONB en fonction des valeurs des champs sous-jacents. L'exemple suivant extrait VenueId et VenueName de Venues, où VenueFeatures a une valeur rating supérieure à 3.5.

SELECT VenueId, VenueName FROM Venues WHERE (VenueFeatures->>'rating')::FLOAT8 > 3.5;

L'exemple suivant montre comment interroger des données JSONB à l'aide des bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

C++

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez la page Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

void JsonbQueryWithParameter(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  auto sql = google::cloud::spanner::SqlStatement(
      "SELECT VenueId, VenueDetails FROM Venues"
      "  WHERE CAST(VenueDetails ->> 'rating' AS INTEGER) > $1",
      {{"p1", google::cloud::spanner::Value(2)}});
  using RowType =
      std::tuple<std::int64_t, absl::optional<google::cloud::spanner::JsonB>>;
  auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(sql));
  for (auto& row : google::cloud::spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "VenueId: " << std::get<0>(*row) << ", ";
    std::cout << "Details: " << std::string(std::get<1>(*row).value()) << "\n";
  }
}

C#

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez la page Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.


using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class QueryJsonbDataUsingParameterAsyncPostgresSample
{
    public async Task<List<VenueInformation>> QueryJsonbDataUsingParameterAsyncPostgres(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        // Get all the venues with a rating greater than 2.
        /* Details is a column of type JSONB. Some of the data persisted in the Details column has the following structure:
           [{
                 "name": "string",
                 "available": true,
                 "rating": int // This field is optional.
           }] */
        using var command = connection.CreateSelectCommand(
            "SELECT venueid, details FROM VenueInformation WHERE CAST(details ->> 'rating' AS INTEGER) > $1",
            new SpannerParameterCollection
            {
                { "p1", SpannerDbType.Int64, 2 }
            });
        var venues = new List<VenueInformation>();
        using var reader = await command.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            venues.Add(new VenueInformation
            {
                VenueId = reader.GetFieldValue<int>("venueid"),
                Details = reader.GetFieldValue<string>("details")
            });
        }
        return venues;
    }

    public struct VenueInformation
    {
        public int VenueId { get; set; }
        public string Details { get; set; }
    }
}

Go

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez la page Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"regexp"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

// queryWithJsonBParameter queries data on the JSON type column of the database
func queryWithJsonBParameter(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	// db = `projects/<project>/instances/<instance-id>/database/<database-id>`
	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.*)/databases/(.*)$").FindStringSubmatch(db)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
		return fmt.Errorf("queryWithJsonBParameter: invalid database id %s", db)
	}
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	type VenueDetails struct {
		Name   spanner.NullString   `json:"name"`
		Rating spanner.NullFloat64  `json:"rating"`
		Open   interface{}          `json:"open"`
		Tags   []spanner.NullString `json:"tags"`
	}

	stmt := spanner.Statement{
		SQL: `SELECT VenueId, VenueDetails FROM Venues WHERE CAST(venuedetails ->> 'rating' AS INTEGER) > $1`,
		Params: map[string]interface{}{
			"p1": 2,
		},
	}
	iter := client.Single().Query(ctx, stmt)
	defer iter.Stop()
	for {
		row, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		var venueID int64
		var venueDetails spanner.PGJsonB
		if err := row.Columns(&venueID, &venueDetails); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "The venue details for venue id %v is %v\n", venueID, venueDetails)
	}
}

Java

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez la page Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Value;

class QueryWithJsonbParameterSample {

  static void queryWithJsonbParameter() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";

    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService()) {
      DatabaseClient client =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
      queryWithJsonbParameter(client);
    }
  }

  static void queryWithJsonbParameter(DatabaseClient client) {
    int rating = 2;
    Statement statement =
        Statement.newBuilder(
                "SELECT VenueId, VenueDetails\n"
                    + "FROM Venues\n"
                    + "WHERE CAST(venuedetails ->> 'rating' "
                    + "AS INTEGER) > $1")
            .bind("p1")
            .to(Value.int64(rating))
            .build();
    try (ResultSet resultSet = client.singleUse().executeQuery(statement)) {
      while (resultSet.next()) {
        System.out.printf(
            "VenueId: %s, VenueDetails: %s%n",
            resultSet.getLong("venueid"), resultSet.getPgJsonb("venuedetails"));
      }
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud Spanner client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// Instantiates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

async function pgJsonbDataType() {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database.
  const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
  const database = instance.database(databaseId);

  const select_query = {
    sql: `SELECT venueid, venuedetails FROM Venues
        WHERE CAST(venuedetails ->> 'rating' AS INTEGER) > $1`,
    params: {
      p1: 2,
    },
    types: {
      p1: 'int64',
    },
    json: true,
  };

  // Queries row from the Venues table.
  try {
    const [rows] = await database.run(select_query);

    rows.forEach(row => {
      console.log(
        `VenueId: ${row.venueid}, Details: ${JSON.stringify(
          row.venuedetails
        )}`
      );
    });
  } finally {
    // Close the database when finished.
    await database.close();
  }
}
pgJsonbDataType();

PHP

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.


use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Database;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Query data to a jsonb column in a PostgreSQL table.
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 * @param string $tableName The table from which the data needs to be queried.
 */
function pg_jsonb_query_parameter(
    string $instanceId,
    string $databaseId,
    string $tableName = 'Venues'
): void {
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $results = $database->execute(
        sprintf('SELECT venueid, venuedetails FROM %s', $tableName) .
        " WHERE CAST(venuedetails ->> 'rating' AS INTEGER) > $1",
        [
        'parameters' => [
            'p1' => 2
        ],
        'types' => [
            'p1' => Database::TYPE_INT64
        ]
    ]);

    foreach ($results as $row) {
        printf('VenueId: %s, VenueDetails: %s' . PHP_EOL, $row['venueid'], $row['venuedetails']);
    }
}

Python

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez la page Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

def query_data_with_jsonb_parameter(instance_id, database_id):
    """Queries sample data using SQL with a JSONB parameter."""
    # instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
    # database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    param = {"p1": 2}
    param_type = {"p1": param_types.INT64}

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        results = snapshot.execute_sql(
            "SELECT venueid, venuedetails FROM Venues"
            + " WHERE CAST(venuedetails ->> 'rating' AS INTEGER) > $1",
            params=param,
            param_types=param_type,
        )

        for row in results:
            print("VenueId: {}, VenueDetails: {}".format(*row))

Ruby

Pour savoir comment installer et utiliser la bibliothèque cliente pour Spanner, consultez Bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

require "google/cloud/spanner"

def spanner_postgresql_jsonb_query_parameter project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  # project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
  # instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
  # database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"
  spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
  client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

  sql_query = <<~QUERY
    SELECT venueid, venuedetails
    FROM Venues
    WHERE CAST(venuedetails ->> 'rating' AS INTEGER) > $1
  QUERY

  # pass parameterized query's params represented by position
  results = client.execute sql_query, params: { p1: 5 }
  puts results.rows.first

  # Read JSONB value from table
  results = client.read "Venues", [:VenueId, :VenueDetails], keys: 19
  puts results.rows.first
end

Fonctionnalités JSONB PostgreSQL non compatibles

Les fonctionnalités JSONB PostgreSQL suivantes ne sont pas compatibles avec JSONB Spanner :

Tri, comparaison et agrégation
PrimaryKey et ForeignKey
Indexation, y compris l'index GIN Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section Indexation.
Modifier une colonne JSONB pour l'affecter à tout autre type de données
Utiliser des requêtes paramétrées avec des paramètres JSONB non typés dans des outils qui utilisent le protocole filaire PostgreSQL
Contrainte dans le moteur de requêtes. Contrairement à PostgreSQL standard, la coercition de JSONB de texte n'est pas pris en charge. Seules les chaînes JSON valides sont contraints de passer au type JSONB pour faire correspondre les signatures de fonction. Exemples :
```
    SELECT concat('abc'::text,  '{"key1":1}'::jsonb);  -- Returns error
    SELECT concat('abc'::text, CAST('{"key1":1}'::jsonb AS TEXT));  -- This works
```

Indexation

Les colonnes JSONB ne sont pas compatibles avec l'indexation. Toutefois, vous pouvez créer un indice sur une colonne générée pour extraire une valeur scalaire d'une colonne JSONB.

CREATE TABLE Venues (
VenueId   BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
VenueName  VARCHAR(1024),
VenueAddress VARCHAR(1024),
VenueFeatures JSONB,
TotalCapacity BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((VenueFeatures->>'capacity')::BIGINT) STORED,
DateOpened  TIMESTAMPTZ
);

CREATE INDEX VenuesByCapacity ON Venues(TotalCapacity);