Recupera datos con la recuperación de un momento determinado (PITR)

En esta página, se describe cómo usar la recuperación de un momento determinado (PITR) para retener y recuperar datos en Spanner.

Para obtener más información, consulta Recuperación de un momento determinado.

Requisitos previos

En esta guía, se usa la base de datos y el esquema como se define en la guía de inicio rápido de Spanner. Puedes ejecutar la guía de inicio rápido para crear la base de datos y el esquema o modificar los comandos para usarlos con tu propia base de datos.

Configura el período de retención

Para configurar el período de retención de la base de datos, haz lo siguiente:

Console

1. Ve a la página Instancias de Spanner en la consola de Google Cloud.

   Ir a la página Instancias de Spanner

2. Haz clic en la instancia que contiene la base de datos para abrir la página Descripción general de esa instancia.

3. Haz clic en la base de datos para abrir la página Descripción general.

4. Selecciona la pestaña Backup/Restore.

   

5. Haz clic en el ícono de lápiz en el campo Período de retención de versiones.

6. Ingresa una cantidad y una unidad de tiempo para el período de retención y, luego, haz clic en Actualizar.

gcloud

Actualiza el esquema de la base de datos con la sentencia ALTER DATABASE. Por ejemplo:

gcloud spanner databases ddl update example-db --instance=test-instance \
    --ddl='ALTER DATABASE `example-db` SET OPTIONS (version_retention_period="7d");'

Nota: Se requieren acentos graves (`) si el nombre de la base de datos incluye caracteres especiales, como guiones (-).

Para ver el período de retención, obtén el DDL de tu base de datos:

gcloud spanner databases ddl describe example-db --instance=test-instance

Esta es la salida:

ALTER DATABASE example-db SET OPTIONS (
  version_retention_period = '7d'
);
...

Bibliotecas cliente

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class CreateDatabaseWithRetentionPeriodAsyncSample
{
    public async Task CreateDatabaseWithRetentionPeriodAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        var versionRetentionPeriod = "7d";
        var createStatement = $"CREATE DATABASE `{databaseId}`";
        var alterStatement = @$"ALTER DATABASE `{databaseId}` SET OPTIONS
                   (version_retention_period = '{versionRetentionPeriod}')";
        // The retention period cannot be set as part of the CREATE DATABASE statement,
        // but can be set using an ALTER DATABASE statement directly after database creation.
        using var createDbCommand = connection.CreateDdlCommand(
            createStatement,
            alterStatement
        );
        await createDbCommand.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
    }
}

C++

void CreateDatabaseWithVersionRetentionPeriod(
    google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
    std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
    std::string const& database_id) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  google::spanner::admin::database::v1::CreateDatabaseRequest request;
  request.set_parent(database.instance().FullName());
  request.set_create_statement("CREATE DATABASE `" + database.database_id() +
                               "`");
  request.add_extra_statements("ALTER DATABASE `" + database.database_id() +
                               "` " +
                               "SET OPTIONS (version_retention_period='2h')");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
      CREATE TABLE Singers (
          SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,
          FirstName  STRING(1024),
          LastName   STRING(1024),
          SingerInfo BYTES(MAX),
          FullName   STRING(2049)
              AS (ARRAY_TO_STRING([FirstName, LastName], " ")) STORED
      ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId))""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
      CREATE TABLE Albums (
          SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
          AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
          AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
      ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
          INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE)""");
  auto db = client.CreateDatabase(request).get();
  if (!db) throw std::move(db).status();
  std::cout << "Database " << db->name() << " created.\n";

  auto ddl = client.GetDatabaseDdl(db->name());
  if (!ddl) throw std::move(ddl).status();
  std::cout << "Database DDL is:\n" << ddl->DebugString();
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"regexp"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1/databasepb"
)

func createDatabaseWithRetentionPeriod(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, db string) error {
	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.+)/databases/(.+)$").FindStringSubmatch(db)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
		return fmt.Errorf("createDatabaseWithRetentionPeriod: invalid database id %q", db)
	}

	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("createDatabaseWithRetentionPeriod.NewDatabaseAdminClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	// Create a database with a version retention period of 7 days.
	retentionPeriod := "7d"
	alterDatabase := fmt.Sprintf(
		"ALTER DATABASE `%s` SET OPTIONS (version_retention_period = '%s')",
		matches[2], retentionPeriod,
	)
	req := adminpb.CreateDatabaseRequest{
		Parent:          matches[1],
		CreateStatement: "CREATE DATABASE `" + matches[2] + "`",
		ExtraStatements: []string{
			`CREATE TABLE Singers (
				SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,
				FirstName  STRING(1024),
				LastName   STRING(1024),
				SingerInfo BYTES(MAX)
			) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)`,
			`CREATE TABLE Albums (
				SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
				AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
				AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
			) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
			INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE`,
			alterDatabase,
		},
	}
	op, err := adminClient.CreateDatabase(ctx, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("createDatabaseWithRetentionPeriod.CreateDatabase: %w", err)
	}
	if _, err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("createDatabaseWithRetentionPeriod.Wait: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created database [%s] with version retention period %q\n", db, retentionPeriod)
	return nil
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerException;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerExceptionFactory;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseAdminClient;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.CreateDatabaseRequest;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.Database;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.InstanceName;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

public class CreateDatabaseWithVersionRetentionPeriodSample {

  static void createDatabaseWithVersionRetentionPeriod() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";
    String versionRetentionPeriod = "7d";

    createDatabaseWithVersionRetentionPeriod(projectId, instanceId, databaseId,
        versionRetentionPeriod);
  }

  static void createDatabaseWithVersionRetentionPeriod(String projectId,
      String instanceId, String databaseId, String versionRetentionPeriod) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();
        DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = spanner.createDatabaseAdminClient()) {
      CreateDatabaseRequest request =
          CreateDatabaseRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(InstanceName.of(projectId, instanceId).toString())
              .setCreateStatement("CREATE DATABASE `" + databaseId + "`")
              .addAllExtraStatements(Lists.newArrayList("ALTER DATABASE " + "`" + databaseId + "`"
                  + " SET OPTIONS ( version_retention_period = '" + versionRetentionPeriod + "' )"))
              .build();
      Database database =
          databaseAdminClient.createDatabaseAsync(request).get();
      System.out.println("Created database [" + database.getName() + "]");
      System.out.println("\tVersion retention period: " + database.getVersionRetentionPeriod());
      System.out.println("\tEarliest version time: " + database.getEarliestVersionTime());
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      // If the operation failed during execution, expose the cause.
      throw (SpannerException) e.getCause();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      // Throw when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or otherwise occupied,
      // and the thread is interrupted, either before or during the activity.
      throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
    }
  }
}

Nota: Las muestras de código de la interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para Java se archivan en GitHub:

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';

// creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner Database Admin Client object
const databaseAdminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();

try {
  // Create a new database with an extra statement which will alter the
  // database after creation to set the version retention period.
  console.log(
    `Creating database ${databaseAdminClient.instancePath(
      projectId,
      instanceId
    )}.`
  );
  const versionRetentionStatement = `
    ALTER DATABASE \`${databaseId}\`
    SET OPTIONS (version_retention_period = '1d')`;

  const [operation] = await databaseAdminClient.createDatabase({
    createStatement: 'CREATE DATABASE `' + databaseId + '`',
    extraStatements: [versionRetentionStatement],
    parent: databaseAdminClient.instancePath(projectId, instanceId),
  });

  console.log(`Waiting for operation on ${databaseId} to complete...`);
  await operation.promise();
  console.log(`
      Created database ${databaseId} with version retention period.`);

  const [metadata] = await databaseAdminClient.getDatabase({
    name: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(projectId, instanceId, databaseId),
  });

  console.log(`Version retention period: ${metadata.versionRetentionPeriod}`);
  const milliseconds =
    parseInt(metadata.earliestVersionTime.seconds, 10) * 1000 +
    parseInt(metadata.earliestVersionTime.nanos, 10) / 1e6;
  const date = new Date(milliseconds);
  console.log(`Earliest version time: ${date.toString()}`);
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
}

Nota: Las muestras de código de interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para Node.js se archivan en GitHub.

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Client\DatabaseAdminClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\CreateDatabaseRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\GetDatabaseRequest;

/**
 * Creates a database with data retention for Point In Time Restore.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * create_database_with_version_retention_period($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId, $retentionPeriod);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId The Google Cloud project ID.
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 * @param string $retentionPeriod The data retention period for the database.
 */
function create_database_with_version_retention_period(
    string $projectId,
    string $instanceId,
    string $databaseId,
    string $retentionPeriod
): void {
    $databaseAdminClient = new DatabaseAdminClient();
    $instance = $databaseAdminClient->instanceName($projectId, $instanceId);
    $databaseFullName = $databaseAdminClient->databaseName($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);

    $operation = $databaseAdminClient->createDatabase(
        new CreateDatabaseRequest([
            'parent' => $instance,
            'create_statement' => sprintf('CREATE DATABASE `%s`', $databaseId),
            'extra_statements' => [
                'CREATE TABLE Singers (' .
                'SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,' .
                'FirstName    STRING(1024),' .
                'LastName     STRING(1024),' .
                'SingerInfo   BYTES(MAX)' .
                ') PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)',
                'CREATE TABLE Albums (' .
                    'SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,' .
                    'AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,' .
                    'AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)' .
                ') PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),' .
                'INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE',
                "ALTER DATABASE `$databaseId` SET OPTIONS(version_retention_period='$retentionPeriod')"
            ]
        ])
    );

    print('Waiting for operation to complete...' . PHP_EOL);
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();

    $request = new GetDatabaseRequest(['name' => $databaseFullName]);
    $databaseInfo = $databaseAdminClient->getDatabase($request);

    print(sprintf(
        'Database %s created with version retention period %s',
        $databaseInfo->getName(), $databaseInfo->getVersionRetentionPeriod()
    ) . PHP_EOL);
}

Nota: Las muestras de código de la interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para PHP están archivadas en GitHub.

Python

def create_database_with_version_retention_period(
    instance_id, database_id, retention_period
):
    """Creates a database with a version retention period."""

    from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import \
        spanner_database_admin

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api
    ddl_statements = [
        "CREATE TABLE Singers ("
        + "  SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,"
        + "  FirstName  STRING(1024),"
        + "  LastName   STRING(1024),"
        + "  SingerInfo BYTES(MAX)"
        + ") PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)",
        "CREATE TABLE Albums ("
        + "  SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,"
        + "  AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,"
        + "  AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)"
        + ") PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),"
        + "  INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE",
        "ALTER DATABASE `{}`"
        " SET OPTIONS (version_retention_period = '{}')".format(
            database_id, retention_period
        ),
    ]
    operation = database_admin_api.create_database(
        request=spanner_database_admin.CreateDatabaseRequest(
            parent=database_admin_api.instance_path(
                spanner_client.project, instance_id
            ),
            create_statement="CREATE DATABASE `{}`".format(database_id),
            extra_statements=ddl_statements,
        )
    )

    db = operation.result(30)
    print(
        "Database {} created with version retention period {} and earliest version time {}".format(
            db.name, db.version_retention_period, db.earliest_version_time
        )
    )

    database_admin_api.drop_database(
        spanner_database_admin.DropDatabaseRequest(database=db.name)
    )

Nota: Las muestras de código de la interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para Python están archivadas en GitHub.

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"
require "google/cloud/spanner/admin/database"

database_admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database.database_admin

instance_path = database_admin_client.instance_path project: project_id, instance: instance_id

version_retention_period = "7d"

db_path = database_admin_client.database_path project: project_id,
                                              instance: instance_id,
                                              database: database_id

job = database_admin_client.create_database parent: instance_path,
                                            create_statement: "CREATE DATABASE `#{database_id}`",
                                            extra_statements: [
                                              "CREATE TABLE Singers (
    SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
    FirstName    STRING(1024),
    LastName     STRING(1024),
    SingerInfo   BYTES(MAX)
  ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)",

                                              "CREATE TABLE Albums (
    SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
    AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
    AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
  ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
  INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE",

                                              "ALTER DATABASE `#{database_id}`
    SET OPTIONS ( version_retention_period = '#{version_retention_period}' )"
                                            ]

puts "Waiting for create database operation to complete"

job.wait_until_done!
database = database_admin_client.get_database name: db_path

puts "Created database #{database_id} on instance #{instance_id}"
puts "\tVersion retention period: #{database.version_retention_period}"
puts "\tEarliest version time: #{database.earliest_version_time}"

Notas de uso:

• El período de retención debe ser de entre 1 hora y 7 días, y puede especificarse en días, horas, minutos o segundos. Por ejemplo, los valores 1d, 24h, 1440m y 86400s son equivalentes.
• Si habilitaste el registro para la API de Spanner en tu proyecto, el evento se registra como UpdateDatabaseDdl y se puede ver en el Explorador de registros.
• Para volver al período de retención predeterminado de 1 hora, puedes configurar la opción de base de datos version_retention_period en NULL para las bases de datos de Google SQL o en DEFAULT para las bases de datos de PostgreSQL.
• Cuando extiendes el período de retención, el sistema no reabastece versiones anteriores de datos. Por ejemplo, si extiendes el período de retención de 1 h a 24 h, debes esperar 23 h para que el sistema acumule datos antiguos antes de poder recuperar datos de 24 h anteriores.

Obtén el período de retención y la fecha de la versión más antigua

El recurso Database incluye dos campos:

• version_retention_period: Es el período en el que Spanner conserva todas las versiones de los datos de la base de datos.

• earliest_version_time: Es la marca de tiempo más antigua en la que se pueden leer versiones anteriores de los datos desde la base de datos. Spanner actualiza este valor de forma continua y se vuelve obsoleto en el momento en que se consulta. Si usas este valor para recuperar datos, asegúrate de tener en cuenta el tiempo desde el momento en que se consulta el valor hasta el momento en que inicias la recuperación.

Console

1. Ve a la página Instancias de Spanner en la consola de Google Cloud.

   Ir a la página Instancias de Spanner

2. Haz clic en la instancia que contiene la base de datos para abrir la página Descripción general.

3. Haz clic en la base de datos para abrir la página Descripción general.

4. Selecciona la pestaña Copia de seguridad/Restablecimiento para abrir la página Copia de seguridad/Restablecimiento y mostrar el período de retención.

   

5. Haz clic en Crear para abrir la página Crear una copia de seguridad y mostrar la hora de la versión más antigua.

   

gcloud

Para obtener estos campos, llama a describe databases o list databases. Por ejemplo:

gcloud spanner databases describe example-db --instance=test-instance

Esta es la salida:

createTime: '2020-09-07T16:56:08.285140Z'
earliestVersionTime: '2020-10-07T16:56:08.285140Z'
name: projects/my-project/instances/test-instance/databases/example-db
state: READY
versionRetentionPeriod: 3d

Recupera una parte de tu base de datos

1. Realiza una lectura inactiva y especifica la marca de tiempo de recuperación deseada. Asegúrate de que la marca de tiempo que especifiques sea más reciente que la earliest_version_time. de la base de datos.

   gcloud

   Usa execute-sql. Por ejemplo:

   gcloud spanner databases execute-sql example-db --instance=test-instance
       --read-timestamp=2020-09-11T10:19:36.010459-07:00 --sql='SELECT * FROM SINGERS'

   Bibliotecas cliente

   Consulta Cómo realizar una lectura inactiva.

2. Almacena los resultados de la consulta. Esto es obligatorio porque no puedes volver a escribir los resultados de la consulta en la base de datos en la misma transacción. Para pequeñas cantidades de datos, puedes imprimir en la consola o almacenarlos en la memoria. Para cantidades mayores de datos, es posible que debas escribir en un archivo local.

3. Vuelve a escribir los datos recuperados en la tabla que se debe recuperar. Por ejemplo:

   gcloud

   gcloud spanner rows update --instance=test-instance
       --database=example-db --table=Singers --data=SingerId=1,FirstName='Marc'

   Para obtener más información, consulta Cómo actualizar datos con gcloud.

   Bibliotecas cliente

   Consulta cómo actualizar datos con DML o cómo actualizar datos con mutaciones.

   De forma opcional, si deseas realizar un análisis de los datos recuperados antes de volver a escribirlos, puedes crear una tabla temporal de forma manual en la misma base de datos, escribir primero los datos recuperados en esta tabla temporal, realizar el análisis y, luego, leer los datos que deseas recuperar desde esta tabla temporal y escribirlos en la tabla que se debe recuperar.

Recupera una base de datos completa

Puedes recuperar toda la base de datos con Copia de seguridad y restablecimiento o Importar y exportar, y especificar una marca de tiempo de recuperación.

Copia de seguridad y restablecimiento

1. Crea una copia de seguridad y establece version_time en la marca de tiempo de recuperación deseada.

   Console

   1. Ve a la página Detalles de la base de datos en la consola de Cloud.

      Ir a la consola de Cloud

   2. En la pestaña Copias de seguridad/restablecimientos, haz clic en Crear.

   3. Marca la casilla Crear copia de seguridad desde un momento anterior.

      

   gcloud

   gcloud spanner backups create example-db-backup-1 --instance=test-instance \
     --database=example-db --retention-period=1y --version-time=2021-01-22T01:10:35Z --async

   Para obtener más información, consulta Crea una copia de seguridad con gcloud.

   Bibliotecas cliente

   C#

   // Copyright 2020 Google Inc.
   //
   // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   // You may obtain a copy of the License at
   //
   //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   //
   // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   // limitations under the License.
   
   
   using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Admin.Database.V1;
   using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Common.V1;
   using Google.LongRunning;
   using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
   using System;
   
   public class CreateBackupSample
   {
       public Backup CreateBackup(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId, string backupId, DateTime versionTime)
       {
           // Create the DatabaseAdminClient instance.
           DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = DatabaseAdminClient.Create();
   
           // Initialize request parameters.
           Backup backup = new Backup
           {
               DatabaseAsDatabaseName = DatabaseName.FromProjectInstanceDatabase(projectId, instanceId, databaseId),
               ExpireTime = DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(14).ToTimestamp(),
               VersionTime = versionTime.ToTimestamp(),
           };
           InstanceName instanceName = InstanceName.FromProjectInstance(projectId, instanceId);
   
           // Make the CreateBackup request.
           Operation<Backup, CreateBackupMetadata> response = databaseAdminClient.CreateBackup(instanceName, backup, backupId);
   
           Console.WriteLine("Waiting for the operation to finish.");
   
           // Poll until the returned long-running operation is complete.
           Operation<Backup, CreateBackupMetadata> completedResponse = response.PollUntilCompleted();
   
           if (completedResponse.IsFaulted)
           {
               Console.WriteLine($"Error while creating backup: {completedResponse.Exception}");
               throw completedResponse.Exception;
           }
   
           Console.WriteLine($"Backup created successfully.");
   
           // GetBackup to get more information about the created backup.
           BackupName backupName = BackupName.FromProjectInstanceBackup(projectId, instanceId, backupId);
           backup = databaseAdminClient.GetBackup(backupName);
           Console.WriteLine($"Backup {backup.Name} of size {backup.SizeBytes} bytes " +
                         $"was created at {backup.CreateTime} from {backup.Database} " +
                         $"and is in state {backup.State} " +
                         $"and has version time {backup.VersionTime.ToDateTime()}");
           return backup;
       }
   }
   

   C++

   void CreateBackup(google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
                     std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
                     std::string const& database_id, std::string const& backup_id,
                     google::cloud::spanner::Timestamp expire_time,
                     google::cloud::spanner::Timestamp version_time) {
     google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                               database_id);
     google::spanner::admin::database::v1::CreateBackupRequest request;
     request.set_parent(database.instance().FullName());
     request.set_backup_id(backup_id);
     request.mutable_backup()->set_database(database.FullName());
     *request.mutable_backup()->mutable_expire_time() =
         expire_time.get<google::protobuf::Timestamp>().value();
     *request.mutable_backup()->mutable_version_time() =
         version_time.get<google::protobuf::Timestamp>().value();
     auto backup = client.CreateBackup(request).get();
     if (!backup) throw std::move(backup).status();
     std::cout
         << "Backup " << backup->name() << " of " << backup->database()
         << " of size " << backup->size_bytes() << " bytes as of "
         << google::cloud::spanner::MakeTimestamp(backup->version_time()).value()
         << " was created at "
         << google::cloud::spanner::MakeTimestamp(backup->create_time()).value()
         << ".\n";
   }

   Go

   
   import (
   	"context"
   	"fmt"
   	"io"
   	"regexp"
   	"time"
   
   	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
   	adminpb "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1/databasepb"
   	pbt "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/timestamp"
   )
   
   func createBackup(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, db, backupID string, versionTime time.Time) error {
   	// versionTime := time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -1) // one day ago
   	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.+)/databases/(.+)$").FindStringSubmatch(db)
   	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
   		return fmt.Errorf("createBackup: invalid database id %q", db)
   	}
   
   	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
   	if err != nil {
   		return fmt.Errorf("createBackup.NewDatabaseAdminClient: %w", err)
   	}
   	defer adminClient.Close()
   
   	expireTime := time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, 14)
   	// Create a backup.
   	req := adminpb.CreateBackupRequest{
   		Parent:   matches[1],
   		BackupId: backupID,
   		Backup: &adminpb.Backup{
   			Database:    db,
   			ExpireTime:  &pbt.Timestamp{Seconds: expireTime.Unix(), Nanos: int32(expireTime.Nanosecond())},
   			VersionTime: &pbt.Timestamp{Seconds: versionTime.Unix(), Nanos: int32(versionTime.Nanosecond())},
   		},
   	}
   	op, err := adminClient.CreateBackup(ctx, &req)
   	if err != nil {
   		return fmt.Errorf("createBackup.CreateBackup: %w", err)
   	}
   	// Wait for backup operation to complete.
   	backup, err := op.Wait(ctx)
   	if err != nil {
   		return fmt.Errorf("createBackup.Wait: %w", err)
   	}
   
   	// Get the name, create time, version time and backup size.
   	backupCreateTime := time.Unix(backup.CreateTime.Seconds, int64(backup.CreateTime.Nanos))
   	backupVersionTime := time.Unix(backup.VersionTime.Seconds, int64(backup.VersionTime.Nanos))
   	fmt.Fprintf(w,
   		"Backup %s of size %d bytes was created at %s with version time %s\n",
   		backup.Name,
   		backup.SizeBytes,
   		backupCreateTime.Format(time.RFC3339),
   		backupVersionTime.Format(time.RFC3339))
   	return nil
   }
   

   Java

   static void createBackup(DatabaseAdminClient dbAdminClient, String projectId, String instanceId,
       String databaseId, String backupId, Timestamp versionTime) {
     // Set expire time to 14 days from now.
     Timestamp expireTime =
         Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds((
             System.currentTimeMillis() + TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(14)))).build();
     BackupName backupName = BackupName.of(projectId, instanceId, backupId);
     Backup backup = Backup.newBuilder()
         .setName(backupName.toString())
         .setDatabase(DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId).toString())
         .setExpireTime(expireTime).setVersionTime(versionTime).build();
   
     // Initiate the request which returns an OperationFuture.
     System.out.println("Creating backup [" + backupId + "]...");
     try {
       // Wait for the backup operation to complete.
       backup = dbAdminClient.createBackupAsync(
           InstanceName.of(projectId, instanceId), backup, backupId).get();
       System.out.println("Created backup [" + backup.getName() + "]");
     } catch (ExecutionException e) {
       throw SpannerExceptionFactory.asSpannerException(e);
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
       throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
     }
   
     // Reload the metadata of the backup from the server.
     backup = dbAdminClient.getBackup(backup.getName());
     System.out.println(
         String.format(
             "Backup %s of size %d bytes was created at %s for version of database at %s",
             backup.getName(),
             backup.getSizeBytes(),
             java.time.OffsetDateTime.ofInstant(
                 Instant.ofEpochSecond(backup.getCreateTime().getSeconds(),
                     backup.getCreateTime().getNanos()), ZoneId.systemDefault()),
             java.time.OffsetDateTime.ofInstant(
                 Instant.ofEpochSecond(backup.getVersionTime().getSeconds(),
                     backup.getVersionTime().getNanos()), ZoneId.systemDefault()))
     );
   }

   Nota: Las muestras de código de la interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para Java se archivan en GitHub:

   Node.js

   
   // Imports the Google Cloud client library and precise date library
   const {Spanner, protos} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');
   const {PreciseDate} = require('@google-cloud/precise-date');
   
   /**
    * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
    */
   // const projectId = 'my-project-id';
   // const instanceId = 'my-instance';
   // const databaseId = 'my-database';
   // const backupId = 'my-backup';
   // const versionTime = Date.now() - 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24; // One day ago
   
   // Creates a client
   const spanner = new Spanner({
     projectId: projectId,
   });
   
   // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner Database Admin Client object
   const databaseAdminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();
   
   // Creates a new backup of the database
   try {
     console.log(
       `Creating backup of database ${databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
         projectId,
         instanceId,
         databaseId
       )}.`
     );
   
     // Expire backup 14 days in the future
     const expireTime = Date.now() + 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 14;
   
     // Create a backup of the state of the database at the current time.
     const [operation] = await databaseAdminClient.createBackup({
       parent: databaseAdminClient.instancePath(projectId, instanceId),
       backupId: backupId,
       backup: (protos.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.Backup = {
         database: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
           projectId,
           instanceId,
           databaseId
         ),
         expireTime: Spanner.timestamp(expireTime).toStruct(),
         versionTime: Spanner.timestamp(versionTime).toStruct(),
         name: databaseAdminClient.backupPath(projectId, instanceId, backupId),
       }),
     });
   
     console.log(
       `Waiting for backup ${databaseAdminClient.backupPath(
         projectId,
         instanceId,
         backupId
       )} to complete...`
     );
     await operation.promise();
   
     // Verify backup is ready
     const [backupInfo] = await databaseAdminClient.getBackup({
       name: databaseAdminClient.backupPath(projectId, instanceId, backupId),
     });
     if (backupInfo.state === 'READY') {
       console.log(
         `Backup ${backupInfo.name} of size ` +
           `${backupInfo.sizeBytes} bytes was created at ` +
           `${new PreciseDate(backupInfo.createTime).toISOString()} ` +
           'for version of database at ' +
           `${new PreciseDate(backupInfo.versionTime).toISOString()}`
       );
     } else {
       console.error('ERROR: Backup is not ready.');
     }
   } catch (err) {
     console.error('ERROR:', err);
   } finally {
     // Close the spanner client when finished.
     // The databaseAdminClient does not require explicit closure. The closure of the Spanner client will automatically close the databaseAdminClient.
     spanner.close();
   }

   Nota: Las muestras de código de interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para Node.js se archivan en GitHub.

   PHP

   use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Backup;
   use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\GetBackupRequest;
   use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Client\DatabaseAdminClient;
   use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\CreateBackupRequest;
   use Google\Protobuf\Timestamp;
   
   /**
    * Create a backup.
    * Example:
    * ```
    * create_backup($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId, $backupId, $versionTime);
    * ```
    *
    * @param string $projectId The Google Cloud project ID.
    * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
    * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
    * @param string $backupId The Spanner backup ID.
    * @param string $versionTime The version of the database to backup. Read more
    * at https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/rest/v1/projects.instances.backups#Backup.FIELDS.version_time
    */
   function create_backup(
       string $projectId,
       string $instanceId,
       string $databaseId,
       string $backupId,
       string $versionTime = '-1hour'
   ): void {
       $databaseAdminClient = new DatabaseAdminClient();
       $databaseFullName = DatabaseAdminClient::databaseName($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);
       $instanceFullName = DatabaseAdminClient::instanceName($projectId, $instanceId);
       $timestamp = new Timestamp();
       $timestamp->setSeconds((new \DateTime($versionTime))->getTimestamp());
       $expireTime = new Timestamp();
       $expireTime->setSeconds((new \DateTime('+14 days'))->getTimestamp());
       $request = new CreateBackupRequest([
           'parent' => $instanceFullName,
           'backup_id' => $backupId,
           'backup' => new Backup([
               'database' => $databaseFullName,
               'expire_time' => $expireTime,
               'version_time' => $timestamp
           ])
       ]);
   
       $operation = $databaseAdminClient->createBackup($request);
   
       print('Waiting for operation to complete...' . PHP_EOL);
       $operation->pollUntilComplete();
   
       $request = new GetBackupRequest();
       $request->setName($databaseAdminClient->backupName($projectId, $instanceId, $backupId));
       $info = $databaseAdminClient->getBackup($request);
       printf(
           'Backup %s of size %d bytes was created at %d for version of database at %d' . PHP_EOL,
           basename($info->getName()),
           $info->getSizeBytes(),
           $info->getCreateTime()->getSeconds(),
           $info->getVersionTime()->getSeconds());
   }

   Nota: Las muestras de código de la interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para PHP están archivadas en GitHub.

   Python

   def create_backup(instance_id, database_id, backup_id, version_time):
       """Creates a backup for a database."""
   
       from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import \
           backup as backup_pb
   
       spanner_client = spanner.Client()
       database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api
   
       # Create a backup
       expire_time = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(days=14)
   
       request = backup_pb.CreateBackupRequest(
           parent=database_admin_api.instance_path(spanner_client.project, instance_id),
           backup_id=backup_id,
           backup=backup_pb.Backup(
               database=database_admin_api.database_path(
                   spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
               ),
               expire_time=expire_time,
               version_time=version_time,
           ),
       )
   
       operation = database_admin_api.create_backup(request)
   
       # Wait for backup operation to complete.
       backup = operation.result(2100)
   
       # Verify that the backup is ready.
       assert backup.state == backup_pb.Backup.State.READY
   
       print(
           "Backup {} of size {} bytes was created at {} for version of database at {}".format(
               backup.name, backup.size_bytes, backup.create_time, backup.version_time
           )
       )
   
   

   Nota: Las muestras de código de la interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para Python se archivan en GitHub:

   Ruby

   # project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
   # instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
   # database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"
   # backup_id = "Your Spanner backup ID"
   # version_time = Time.now - 60 * 60 * 24 # 1 day ago
   
   require "google/cloud/spanner"
   require "google/cloud/spanner/admin/database"
   
   database_admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database.database_admin
   
   instance_path = database_admin_client.instance_path project: project_id, instance: instance_id
   db_path = database_admin_client.database_path project: project_id,
                                                 instance: instance_id,
                                                 database: database_id
   backup_path = database_admin_client.backup_path project: project_id,
                                                   instance: instance_id,
                                                   backup: backup_id
   expire_time = Time.now + (14 * 24 * 3600) # 14 days from now
   
   job = database_admin_client.create_backup parent: instance_path,
                                             backup_id: backup_id,
                                             backup: {
                                               database: db_path,
                                                 expire_time: expire_time,
                                                 version_time: version_time
                                             }
   
   puts "Backup operation in progress"
   
   job.wait_until_done!
   
   backup = database_admin_client.get_backup name: backup_path
   puts "Backup #{backup_id} of size #{backup.size_bytes} bytes was created at #{backup.create_time} for version of database at #{backup.version_time}"

2. Restablece la copia de seguridad a una base de datos nueva. Ten en cuenta que Spanner conserva la configuración del período de retención de la copia de seguridad en la base de datos restablecida.

   Console

   1. Ve a la página Detalles de instancias en la consola de Cloud.

      Ir a la consola de Cloud

   2. En la pestaña Copia de seguridad/Restablecimiento, selecciona una copia de seguridad y haz clic en Restablecer.

   gcloud

   gcloud spanner databases restore --async \
     --destination-instance=destination-instance --destination-database=example-db-restored \
     --source-instance=test-instance --source-backup=example-db-backup-1

   Para obtener más información, consulta Cómo restablecer una base de datos a partir de una copia de seguridad.

   Bibliotecas cliente

   C#

   
   using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Admin.Database.V1;
   using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Common.V1;
   using Google.LongRunning;
   using System;
   
   public class RestoreDatabaseSample
   {
       public RestoreInfo RestoreDatabase(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId, string backupId)
       {
           // Create the DatabaseAdminClient instance.
           DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = DatabaseAdminClient.Create();
   
           InstanceName parentAsInstanceName = InstanceName.FromProjectInstance(projectId, instanceId);
           BackupName backupAsBackupName = BackupName.FromProjectInstanceBackup(projectId, instanceId, backupId);
   
           // Make the RestoreDatabase request.
           Operation<Database, RestoreDatabaseMetadata> response = databaseAdminClient.RestoreDatabase(parentAsInstanceName, databaseId, backupAsBackupName);
   
           Console.WriteLine("Waiting for the operation to finish");
   
           // Poll until the returned long-running operation is complete.
           var completedResponse = response.PollUntilCompleted();
   
           if (completedResponse.IsFaulted)
           {
               Console.WriteLine($"Database Restore Failed: {completedResponse.Exception}");
               throw completedResponse.Exception;
           }
   
           RestoreInfo restoreInfo = completedResponse.Result.RestoreInfo;
           Console.WriteLine(
               $"Database {restoreInfo.BackupInfo.SourceDatabase} was restored " +
               $"to {databaseId} from backup {restoreInfo.BackupInfo.Backup} " +
               $"with version time {restoreInfo.BackupInfo.VersionTime.ToDateTime()}");
   
           return restoreInfo;
       }
   }

   C++

   void RestoreDatabase(google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
                        std::string const& project_id,
                        std::string const& instance_id,
                        std::string const& database_id,
                        std::string const& backup_id) {
     google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                               database_id);
     google::cloud::spanner::Backup backup(database.instance(), backup_id);
     auto restored_db =
         client
             .RestoreDatabase(database.instance().FullName(),
                              database.database_id(), backup.FullName())
             .get();
     if (!restored_db) throw std::move(restored_db).status();
     std::cout << "Database";
     if (restored_db->restore_info().source_type() ==
         google::spanner::admin::database::v1::BACKUP) {
       auto const& backup_info = restored_db->restore_info().backup_info();
       std::cout << " " << backup_info.source_database() << " as of "
                 << google::cloud::spanner::MakeTimestamp(
                        backup_info.version_time())
                        .value();
     }
     std::cout << " restored to " << restored_db->name();
     std::cout << " from backup " << backup.FullName();
     std::cout << ".\n";
   }

   Go

   
   import (
   	"context"
   	"fmt"
   	"io"
   	"regexp"
   
   	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
   	adminpb "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1/databasepb"
   )
   
   func restoreBackup(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, db, backupID string) error {
   	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
   	if err != nil {
   		return err
   	}
   	defer adminClient.Close()
   
   	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.*)/databases/(.*)$").FindStringSubmatch(db)
   	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
   		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid database id %s", db)
   	}
   	instanceName := matches[1]
   	databaseID := matches[2]
   	backupName := instanceName + "/backups/" + backupID
   
   	// Start restoring backup to a new database.
   	restoreOp, err := adminClient.RestoreDatabase(ctx, &adminpb.RestoreDatabaseRequest{
   		Parent:     instanceName,
   		DatabaseId: databaseID,
   		Source: &adminpb.RestoreDatabaseRequest_Backup{
   			Backup: backupName,
   		},
   	})
   	if err != nil {
   		return err
   	}
   	// Wait for restore operation to complete.
   	dbObj, err := restoreOp.Wait(ctx)
   	if err != nil {
   		return err
   	}
   	// Newly created database has restore information.
   	backupInfo := dbObj.RestoreInfo.GetBackupInfo()
   	if backupInfo != nil {
   		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Source database %s restored from backup %s\n", backupInfo.SourceDatabase, backupInfo.Backup)
   	}
   
   	return nil
   }
   

   Java

   static void restoreBackup(
       DatabaseAdminClient dbAdminClient,
       String projectId,
       String instanceId,
       String backupId,
       String restoreToDatabaseId) {
     BackupName backupName = BackupName.of(projectId, instanceId, backupId);
     Backup backup = dbAdminClient.getBackup(backupName);
     // Initiate the request which returns an OperationFuture.
     System.out.println(String.format(
         "Restoring backup [%s] to database [%s]...", backup.getName(), restoreToDatabaseId));
     try {
       RestoreDatabaseRequest request =
           RestoreDatabaseRequest.newBuilder()
               .setParent(InstanceName.of(projectId, instanceId).toString())
               .setDatabaseId(restoreToDatabaseId)
               .setBackup(backupName.toString()).build();
       OperationFuture<com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.Database, RestoreDatabaseMetadata> op =
           dbAdminClient.restoreDatabaseAsync(request);
       // Wait until the database has been restored.
       com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.Database db = op.get();
       // Get the restore info.
       RestoreInfo restoreInfo = db.getRestoreInfo();
       BackupInfo backupInfo = restoreInfo.getBackupInfo();
   
       System.out.println(
           "Restored database ["
               + db.getName()
               + "] from ["
               + restoreInfo.getBackupInfo().getBackup()
               + "] with version time [" + backupInfo.getVersionTime() + "]");
     } catch (ExecutionException e) {
       throw SpannerExceptionFactory.newSpannerException(e.getCause());
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
       throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
     }
   }

   Nota: Las muestras de código de interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para Java se archivan en GitHub.

   Node.js

   // Imports the Google Cloud client library and precise date library
   const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');
   const {PreciseDate} = require('@google-cloud/precise-date');
   
   /**
    * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
    */
   // const projectId = 'my-project-id';
   // const instanceId = 'my-instance';
   // const databaseId = 'my-database';
   // const backupId = 'my-backup';
   
   // Creates a client
   const spanner = new Spanner({
     projectId: projectId,
   });
   
   // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner Database Admin Client object
   const databaseAdminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();
   
   // Restore the database
   console.log(
     `Restoring database ${databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
       projectId,
       instanceId,
       databaseId
     )} from backup ${backupId}.`
   );
   const [restoreOperation] = await databaseAdminClient.restoreDatabase({
     parent: databaseAdminClient.instancePath(projectId, instanceId),
     databaseId: databaseId,
     backup: databaseAdminClient.backupPath(projectId, instanceId, backupId),
   });
   
   // Wait for restore to complete
   console.log('Waiting for database restore to complete...');
   await restoreOperation.promise();
   
   console.log('Database restored from backup.');
   const [metadata] = await databaseAdminClient.getDatabase({
     name: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(projectId, instanceId, databaseId),
   });
   console.log(
     `Database ${metadata.restoreInfo.backupInfo.sourceDatabase} was restored ` +
       `to ${databaseId} from backup ${metadata.restoreInfo.backupInfo.backup} ` +
       'with version time ' +
       `${new PreciseDate(
         metadata.restoreInfo.backupInfo.versionTime
       ).toISOString()}.`
   );

   Nota: Las muestras de código de interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para Node.js se archivan en GitHub.

   PHP

   use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Client\DatabaseAdminClient;
   use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\RestoreDatabaseRequest;
   
   /**
    * Restore a database from a backup.
    * Example:
    * ```
    * restore_backup($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId, $backupId);
    * ```
    * @param string $projectId The Google Cloud project ID.
    * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
    * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
    * @param string $backupId The Spanner backup ID.
    */
   function restore_backup(
       string $projectId,
       string $instanceId,
       string $databaseId,
       string $backupId
   ): void {
       $databaseAdminClient = new DatabaseAdminClient();
   
       $backupName = DatabaseAdminClient::backupName($projectId, $instanceId, $backupId);
       $instanceName = DatabaseAdminClient::instanceName($projectId, $instanceId);
   
       $request = new RestoreDatabaseRequest([
           'parent' => $instanceName,
           'database_id' => $databaseId,
           'backup' => $backupName
       ]);
   
       $operationResponse = $databaseAdminClient->restoreDatabase($request);
       $operationResponse->pollUntilComplete();
   
       $database = $operationResponse->operationSucceeded() ? $operationResponse->getResult() : null;
       $restoreInfo = $database->getRestoreInfo();
       $backupInfo = $restoreInfo->getBackupInfo();
       $sourceDatabase = $backupInfo->getSourceDatabase();
       $sourceBackup = $backupInfo->getBackup();
       $versionTime = $backupInfo->getVersionTime()->getSeconds();
       printf(
           'Database %s restored from backup %s with version time %s' . PHP_EOL,
           $sourceDatabase, $sourceBackup, $versionTime
       );
   }

   Nota: Las muestras de código de la interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para PHP están archivadas en GitHub.

   Python

   def restore_database(instance_id, new_database_id, backup_id):
       """Restores a database from a backup."""
       from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1 import RestoreDatabaseRequest
   
       spanner_client = spanner.Client()
       database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api
   
       # Start restoring an existing backup to a new database.
       request = RestoreDatabaseRequest(
           parent=database_admin_api.instance_path(spanner_client.project, instance_id),
           database_id=new_database_id,
           backup=database_admin_api.backup_path(
               spanner_client.project, instance_id, backup_id
           ),
       )
       operation = database_admin_api.restore_database(request)
   
       # Wait for restore operation to complete.
       db = operation.result(1600)
   
       # Newly created database has restore information.
       restore_info = db.restore_info
       print(
           "Database {} restored to {} from backup {} with version time {}.".format(
               restore_info.backup_info.source_database,
               new_database_id,
               restore_info.backup_info.backup,
               restore_info.backup_info.version_time,
           )
       )
   
   

   Nota: Las muestras de código de la interfaz de la biblioteca cliente anterior para Python están archivadas en GitHub.

   Ruby

   # project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
   # instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
   # database_id = "Your Spanner database ID of where to restore"
   # backup_id = "Your Spanner backup ID"
   
   require "google/cloud/spanner"
   require "google/cloud/spanner/admin/database"
   
   database_admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database.database_admin
   
   instance_path = database_admin_client.instance_path project: project_id, instance: instance_id
   
   db_path = database_admin_client.database_path project: project_id,
                                                 instance: instance_id,
                                                 database: database_id
   
   backup_path = database_admin_client.backup_path project: project_id,
                                                   instance: instance_id,
                                                   backup: backup_id
   
   job = database_admin_client.restore_database parent: instance_path,
                                                database_id: database_id,
                                                backup: backup_path
   
   puts "Waiting for restore backup operation to complete"
   
   job.wait_until_done!
   
   database = database_admin_client.get_database name: db_path
   restore_info = database.restore_info
   puts "Database #{restore_info.backup_info.source_database} was restored to #{database_id} from backup #{restore_info.backup_info.backup} with version time #{restore_info.backup_info.version_time}"

Importación y exportación

1. Exporta la base de datos y especifica el parámetro snapshotTime en la marca de tiempo de recuperación deseada.

   Console

   1. Ve a la página Detalles de instancias en la consola de Cloud.

      Ir a la consola de Cloud

   2. En la pestaña Importar/Exportar, haz clic en Exportar.

   3. Marca la casilla Exportar base de datos desde un momento anterior.

      

   Para obtener instrucciones detalladas, consulta Cómo exportar una base de datos.

   gcloud

   Usa la plantilla de Dataflow [Spanner] a Avro](/dataflow/docs/guides/templates/provided-batch#cloud_spanner_to_gcs_avro) para exportar la base de datos.

   gcloud dataflow jobs run JOB_NAME \
      --gcs-location='gs://cloud-spanner-point-in-time-recovery/Import Export Template/export/templates/Cloud_Spanner_to_GCS_Avro'
      --region=DATAFLOW_REGION --parameters='instanceId=test-instance,databaseId=example-db,outputDir=YOUR_GCS_DIRECTORY,snapshotTime=2020-09-01T23:59:40.125245Z'

   Notas de uso:

   • Puedes hacer un seguimiento del progreso de tus trabajos de importación y exportación en la consola de Dataflow.
   • Spanner garantiza que los datos exportados sean coherentes de forma externa y transaccional en la marca de tiempo especificada.
   • Especifica la marca de tiempo en formato RFC 3339. Por ejemplo, 2020-09-01T23:59:30.234233Z.
   • Asegúrate de que la marca de tiempo que especifiques sea más reciente que la earliest_version_time de la base de datos. Si los datos ya no existen en la marca de tiempo especificada, recibirás un error.

2. Importar a una base de datos nueva

   Console

   1. Ve a la página Detalles de instancias en la consola de Cloud.

      Ir a la consola de Cloud

   2. En la pestaña Importar/Exportar, haz clic en Importar.

   Para obtener instrucciones detalladas, consulta Cómo importar archivos Avro de Spanner.

   gcloud

   Usa la plantilla de Dataflow [Cloud Storage] Avro a Spanner](/dataflow/docs/guides/templates/provided-batch#gcs_avro_to_cloud_spanner) para importar los archivos Avro.

   gcloud dataflow jobs run JOB_NAME \
      --gcs-location='gs://cloud-spanner-point-in-time-recovery/Import Export Template/import/templates/GCS_Avro_to_Cloud_Spanner' \
      --region=DATAFLOW_REGION \
      --staging-location=YOUR_GCS_STAGING_LOCATION \
      --parameters='instanceId=test-instance,databaseId=example-db,inputDir=YOUR_GCS_DIRECTORY'

Estima el aumento de almacenamiento

Antes de aumentar el período de retención de versiones de una base de datos, puedes estimar el aumento esperado en el uso de almacenamiento de la base de datos sumando los bytes de transacción durante el período deseado. Por ejemplo, la siguiente consulta calcula la cantidad de GiB escrito en los últimos 7 días (168 h) mediante la lectura de las tablas de estadísticas de transacciones.

GoogleSQL

SELECT
  SUM(bytes_per_hour) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024 ) as GiB
FROM (
  SELECT
    ((commit_attempt_count - commit_failed_precondition_count - commit_abort_count) * avg_bytes) AS bytes_per_hour,
    interval_end
  FROM
    spanner_sys.txn_stats_total_hour
  ORDER BY
    interval_end DESC
  LIMIT
    168);

PostgreSQL

SELECT
  bph /  (1024 * 1024 * 1024 ) as GiB
FROM (
  SELECT
    SUM(bytes_per_hour) as bph
  FROM (
    SELECT
      ((commit_attempt_count - commit_failed_precondition_count - commit_abort_count) * avg_bytes) AS bytes_per_hour,
      interval_end
    FROM
      spanner_sys.txn_stats_total_hour
    ORDER BY
      interval_end DESC
    LIMIT
      168)
sub1) sub2;

Ten en cuenta que la consulta proporciona una estimación aproximada y puede ser imprecisa por varios motivos:

• La consulta no tiene en cuenta la marca de tiempo que se debe almacenar para cada versión de los datos antiguos. Si tu base de datos consta de muchos tipos de datos pequeños, la consulta puede subestimar el aumento de almacenamiento.
• La consulta incluye todas las operaciones de escritura, pero solo las operaciones de actualización crean versiones antiguas de los datos. Si tu carga de trabajo incluye muchas operaciones de inserción, la consulta puede sobreestimar el aumento de almacenamiento.