Utiliser des objets STRUCT

Remarque sur l'interface PostgreSQL : Le type de données STRUCT n'est pas compatible avec l'interface PostgreSQL pour Spanner.

Spanner vous permet de créer des objets STRUCT à partir de données et d'utiliser des objets STRUCT comme paramètres de liaison lors de l'exécution d'une requête SQL avec l'une des bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

Pour en savoir plus sur le type STRUCT dans Spanner, consultez la page Types de données.

Déclarer un type d'objet STRUCT défini par l'utilisateur

Vous pouvez déclarer un objet STRUCT dans des requêtes à l'aide de la syntaxe décrite dans la section Déclarer un type STRUCT.

Vous pouvez définir un type d'objet STRUCT sous la forme d'une séquence de noms de champ et de leur type de données. Vous pouvez ensuite fournir ce type de requête avec des requêtes contenant des liaisons de paramètres de type STRUCT, et Spanner l'utilisera pour vérifier que les valeurs du paramètre STRUCT de votre requête sont valides.

C++

// Cloud Spanner STRUCT<> types are represented by std::tuple<...>. The
// following represents a STRUCT<> with two unnamed STRING fields.
using NameType = std::tuple<std::string, std::string>;

C#

var nameType = new SpannerStruct
{
    { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, null},
    { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, null}
};

Go

type nameType struct {
	FirstName string
	LastName  string
}

Java

Type nameType =
    Type.struct(
        Arrays.asList(
            StructField.of("FirstName", Type.string()),
            StructField.of("LastName", Type.string())));

Node.js

const nameType = {
  type: 'struct',
  fields: [
    {
      name: 'FirstName',
      type: 'string',
    },
    {
      name: 'LastName',
      type: 'string',
    },
  ],
};

PHP

$nameType = new ArrayType(
    (new StructType)
        ->add('FirstName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
        ->add('LastName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
);

Python

name_type = param_types.Struct(
    [
        param_types.StructField("FirstName", param_types.STRING),
        param_types.StructField("LastName", param_types.STRING),
    ]
)

Ruby

name_type = client.fields FirstName: :STRING, LastName: :STRING

Créer des objets STRUCT

L'exemple suivant montre comment créer des objets STRUCT à l'aide de la méthode les bibliothèques clientes Spanner.

C++

// Cloud Spanner STRUCT<> types are represented by std::tuple<...>. The
// following represents a STRUCT<> with two unnamed STRING fields.
using NameType = std::tuple<std::string, std::string>;
auto singer_info = NameType{"Elena", "Campbell"};

C#

var nameStruct = new SpannerStruct
{
    { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Elena" },
    { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Campbell" },
};

Go

type name struct {
	FirstName string
	LastName  string
}
var singerInfo = name{"Elena", "Campbell"}

Java

Struct name =
    Struct.newBuilder().set("FirstName").to("Elena").set("LastName").to("Campbell").build();

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

const nameStruct = Spanner.struct({
  FirstName: 'Elena',
  LastName: 'Campbell',
});

PHP

$nameValue = (new StructValue)
    ->add('FirstName', 'Elena')
    ->add('LastName', 'Campbell');
$nameType = (new StructType)
    ->add('FirstName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
    ->add('LastName', Database::TYPE_STRING);

Python

record_type = param_types.Struct(
    [
        param_types.StructField("FirstName", param_types.STRING),
        param_types.StructField("LastName", param_types.STRING),
    ]
)
record_value = ("Elena", "Campbell")

Ruby

name_struct = { FirstName: "Elena", LastName: "Campbell" }

Vous pouvez également utiliser les bibliothèques clientes pour créer un tableau d'objets STRUCT, comme le montre l'exemple suivant :

C++

// Cloud Spanner STRUCT<> types with named fields are represented by
// std::tuple<std::pair<std::string, T>...>, create an alias to make it easier
// to follow this code.
using SingerName = std::tuple<std::pair<std::string, std::string>,
                              std::pair<std::string, std::string>>;
auto make_name = [](std::string first_name, std::string last_name) {
  return std::make_tuple(std::make_pair("FirstName", std::move(first_name)),
                         std::make_pair("LastName", std::move(last_name)));
};
std::vector<SingerName> singer_info{
    make_name("Elena", "Campbell"),
    make_name("Gabriel", "Wright"),
    make_name("Benjamin", "Martinez"),
};

C#

var bandMembers = new List<SpannerStruct>
{
    new SpannerStruct { { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Elena" }, { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Campbell" } },
    new SpannerStruct { { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Gabriel" }, { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Wright" } },
    new SpannerStruct { { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Benjamin" }, { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Martinez" } },
};

Go

var bandMembers = []nameType{
	{"Elena", "Campbell"},
	{"Gabriel", "Wright"},
	{"Benjamin", "Martinez"},
}

Java

List<Struct> bandMembers = new ArrayList<>();
bandMembers.add(
    Struct.newBuilder().set("FirstName").to("Elena").set("LastName").to("Campbell").build());
bandMembers.add(
    Struct.newBuilder().set("FirstName").to("Gabriel").set("LastName").to("Wright").build());
bandMembers.add(
    Struct.newBuilder().set("FirstName").to("Benjamin").set("LastName").to("Martinez").build());

Node.js

const bandMembersType = {
  type: 'array',
  child: nameType,
};

const bandMembers = [
  Spanner.struct({
    FirstName: 'Elena',
    LastName: 'Campbell',
  }),
  Spanner.struct({
    FirstName: 'Gabriel',
    LastName: 'Wright',
  }),
  Spanner.struct({
    FirstName: 'Benjamin',
    LastName: 'Martinez',
  }),
];

PHP

$bandMembers = [
    (new StructValue)
        ->add('FirstName', 'Elena')
        ->add('LastName', 'Campbell'),
    (new StructValue)
        ->add('FirstName', 'Gabriel')
        ->add('LastName', 'Wright'),
    (new StructValue)
        ->add('FirstName', 'Benjamin')
        ->add('LastName', 'Martinez')
];

Python

band_members = [
    ("Elena", "Campbell"),
    ("Gabriel", "Wright"),
    ("Benjamin", "Martinez"),
]

Ruby

band_members = [name_type.struct(["Elena", "Campbell"]),
                name_type.struct(["Gabriel", "Wright"]),
                name_type.struct(["Benjamin", "Martinez"])]

Afficher des objets STRUCT dans les résultats d'une requête SQL

Une requête SQL Spanner peut renvoyer un tableau d'objets STRUCT sous forme de colonne pour certaines requêtes. Pour plus d'informations, consultez la section Utiliser des objets STRUCT avec SELECT.

Utiliser des objets STRUCT comme paramètres de liaison dans les requêtes SQL

Vous pouvez utiliser des objets STRUCT comme paramètres de liaison dans une requête SQL. Pour plus d'informations sur les paramètres, consultez la section Paramètres de requête.

Interroger des données avec un objet STRUCT

L'exemple suivant montre comment lier les valeurs d'un objet STRUCT aux paramètres d'une instruction de requête SQL, exécuter la requête et générer les résultats.

C++

void QueryDataWithStruct(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  // Cloud Spanner STRUCT<> types are represented by std::tuple<...>. The
  // following represents a STRUCT<> with two unnamed STRING fields.
  using NameType = std::tuple<std::string, std::string>;
  auto singer_info = NameType{"Elena", "Campbell"};
  auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(spanner::SqlStatement(
      "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE (FirstName, LastName) = @name",
      {{"name", spanner::Value(singer_info)}}));

  for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<std::tuple<std::int64_t>>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "SingerId: " << std::get<0>(*row) << "\n";
  }
  std::cout << "Query completed for [spanner_query_data_with_struct]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class QueryDataWithStructAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<List<int>> QueryDataWithStructAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        var nameStruct = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Elena" },
            { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Campbell" },
        };

        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        var singerIds = new List<int>();
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var cmd = connection.CreateSelectCommand(
            "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers "
            + "WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>"
            + "(FirstName, LastName) = @name");

        cmd.Parameters.Add("name", nameStruct.GetSpannerDbType(), nameStruct);
        using var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            singerIds.Add(reader.GetFieldValue<int>("SingerId"));
        }
        return singerIds;
    }
}

Go

stmt := spanner.Statement{
	SQL: `SELECT SingerId FROM SINGERS
			WHERE (FirstName, LastName) = @singerinfo`,
	Params: map[string]interface{}{"singerinfo": singerInfo},
}
iter := client.Single().Query(ctx, stmt)
defer iter.Stop()
for {
	row, err := iter.Next()
	if err == iterator.Done {
		return nil
	}
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	var singerID int64
	if err := row.Columns(&singerID); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d\n", singerID)
}

Java

Statement s =
    Statement.newBuilder(
            "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers "
                + "WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) "
                + "= @name")
        .bind("name")
        .to(name)
        .build();
try (ResultSet resultSet = dbClient.singleUse().executeQuery(s)) {
  while (resultSet.next()) {
    System.out.printf("%d\n", resultSet.getLong("SingerId"));
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

const query = {
  sql:
    'SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE ' +
    'STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) = @name',
  params: {
    name: nameStruct,
  },
};

// Queries rows from the Singers table
try {
  const [rows] = await database.run(query);

  rows.forEach(row => {
    const json = row.toJSON();
    console.log(`SingerId: ${json.SingerId}`);
  });
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  database.close();
}

PHP

$results = $database->execute(
    'SELECT SingerId FROM Singers ' .
    'WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>' .
    '(FirstName, LastName) = @name',
    [
        'parameters' => [
            'name' => $nameValue
        ],
        'types' => [
            'name' => $nameType
        ]
    ]
);
foreach ($results as $row) {
    printf('SingerId: %s' . PHP_EOL,
        $row['SingerId']);
}

Python

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)

database = instance.database(database_id)

with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
    results = snapshot.execute_sql(
        "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE " "(FirstName, LastName) = @name",
        params={"name": record_value},
        param_types={"name": record_type},
    )

for row in results:
    print("SingerId: {}".format(*row))

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id
client.execute(
  "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE " +
  "(FirstName, LastName) = @name",
  params: { name: name_struct }
).rows.each do |row|
  puts row[:SingerId]
end

Interroger des données avec un tableau d'objets STRUCT

L'exemple suivant montre comment exécuter une requête qui utilise un tableau d'objets STRUCT. Utilisez l'opérateur UNNEST pour aplatir un tableau d'objets STRUCT en lignes :

C++

void QueryDataWithArrayOfStruct(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  // Cloud Spanner STRUCT<> types with named fields are represented by
  // std::tuple<std::pair<std::string, T>...>, create an alias to make it easier
  // to follow this code.
  using SingerName = std::tuple<std::pair<std::string, std::string>,
                                std::pair<std::string, std::string>>;
  auto make_name = [](std::string first_name, std::string last_name) {
    return std::make_tuple(std::make_pair("FirstName", std::move(first_name)),
                           std::make_pair("LastName", std::move(last_name)));
  };
  std::vector<SingerName> singer_info{
      make_name("Elena", "Campbell"),
      make_name("Gabriel", "Wright"),
      make_name("Benjamin", "Martinez"),
  };

  auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(spanner::SqlStatement(
      "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers"
      " WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName)"
      "    IN UNNEST(@names)",
      {{"names", spanner::Value(singer_info)}}));

  for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<std::tuple<std::int64_t>>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "SingerId: " << std::get<0>(*row) << "\n";
  }
  std::cout << "Query completed for"
            << " [spanner_query_data_with_array_of_struct]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class QueryDataWithArrayOfStructAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<List<int>> QueryDataWithArrayOfStructAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        var nameType = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, null},
            { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, null}
        };

        var bandMembers = new List<SpannerStruct>
        {
            new SpannerStruct { { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Elena" }, { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Campbell" } },
            new SpannerStruct { { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Gabriel" }, { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Wright" } },
            new SpannerStruct { { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Benjamin" }, { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Martinez" } },
        };

        var singerIds = new List<int>();
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var cmd = connection.CreateSelectCommand(
            "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING> "
            + "(FirstName, LastName) IN UNNEST(@names)");
        cmd.Parameters.Add("names", SpannerDbType.ArrayOf(nameType.GetSpannerDbType()), bandMembers);
        using var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            singerIds.Add(reader.GetFieldValue<int>("SingerId"));
        }
        return singerIds;
    }
}

Go

stmt := spanner.Statement{
	SQL: `SELECT SingerId FROM SINGERS
		WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName)
		IN UNNEST(@names)`,
	Params: map[string]interface{}{"names": bandMembers},
}
iter := client.Single().Query(ctx, stmt)
defer iter.Stop()
for {
	row, err := iter.Next()
	if err == iterator.Done {
		return nil
	}
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	var singerID int64
	if err := row.Columns(&singerID); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d\n", singerID)
}

Java

Statement s =
    Statement.newBuilder(
            "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE "
                + "STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) "
                + "IN UNNEST(@names) "
                + "ORDER BY SingerId DESC")
        .bind("names")
        .toStructArray(nameType, bandMembers)
        .build();
try (ResultSet resultSet = dbClient.singleUse().executeQuery(s)) {
  while (resultSet.next()) {
    System.out.printf("%d\n", resultSet.getLong("SingerId"));
  }
}

Node.js

const query = {
  sql:
    'SELECT SingerId FROM Singers ' +
    'WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) ' +
    'IN UNNEST(@names) ' +
    'ORDER BY SingerId',
  params: {
    names: bandMembers,
  },
  types: {
    names: bandMembersType,
  },
};

// Queries rows from the Singers table
try {
  const [rows] = await database.run(query);

  rows.forEach(row => {
    const json = row.toJSON();
    console.log(`SingerId: ${json.SingerId}`);
  });
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  database.close();
}

PHP

$results = $database->execute(
    'SELECT SingerId FROM Singers ' .
    'WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) ' .
    'IN UNNEST(@names)',
    [
        'parameters' => [
            'names' => $bandMembers
        ],
        'types' => [
            'names' => $nameType
        ]
    ]
);
foreach ($results as $row) {
    printf('SingerId: %s' . PHP_EOL,
        $row['SingerId']);
}

Python

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
    results = snapshot.execute_sql(
        "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE "
        "STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>"
        "(FirstName, LastName) IN UNNEST(@names)",
        params={"names": band_members},
        param_types={"names": param_types.Array(name_type)},
    )

for row in results:
    print("SingerId: {}".format(*row))

Ruby

client.execute(
  "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE " +
  "STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) IN UNNEST(@names)",
  params: { names: band_members }
).rows.each do |row|
  puts row[:SingerId]
end

Modifier des données avec LMD

L'exemple de code suivant utilise un objet STRUCT avec des paramètres de liaison et un langage de manipulation de données (LMD) pour mettre à jour une valeur unique dans des lignes correspondant à la condition de la clause WHERE. Pour les lignes où FirstName correspond à Timothy et LastName correspond à Campbell, LastName est remplacé par Grant.

C++

void DmlStructs(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  std::int64_t rows_modified = 0;
  auto commit_result =
      client.Commit([&client, &rows_modified](spanner::Transaction const& txn)
                        -> google::cloud::StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto singer_info = std::make_tuple("Marc", "Richards");
        auto sql = spanner::SqlStatement(
            "UPDATE Singers SET FirstName = 'Keith' WHERE "
            "STRUCT<FirstName String, LastName String>(FirstName, LastName) "
            "= @name",
            {{"name", spanner::Value(std::move(singer_info))}});
        auto dml_result = client.ExecuteDml(txn, std::move(sql));
        if (!dml_result) return std::move(dml_result).status();
        rows_modified = dml_result->RowsModified();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << rows_modified
            << " update was successful [spanner_dml_structs]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class UpdateUsingDmlWithStructCoreAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> UpdateUsingDmlWithStructCoreAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        var nameStruct = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Timothy" },
            { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Campbell" }
        };
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant' WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) = @name");
        cmd.Parameters.Add("name", nameStruct.GetSpannerDbType(), nameStruct);
        int rowCount = await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();

        Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) updated...");
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func updateUsingDMLStruct(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		type name struct {
			FirstName string
			LastName  string
		}
		var singerInfo = name{"Timothy", "Campbell"}

		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `Update Singers Set LastName = 'Grant'
				WHERE STRUCT<FirstName String, LastName String>(Firstname, LastName) = @name`,
			Params: map[string]interface{}{"name": singerInfo},
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) inserted.\n", rowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

static void updateUsingDmlWithStruct(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  Struct name =
      Struct.newBuilder().set("FirstName").to("Timothy").set("LastName").to("Campbell").build();
  Statement s =
      Statement.newBuilder(
              "UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant' "
                  + "WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) "
                  + "= @name")
          .bind("name")
          .to(name)
          .build();
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(transaction -> {
        long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(s);
        System.out.printf("%d record updated.\n", rowCount);
        return null;
      });
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

const nameStruct = Spanner.struct({
  FirstName: 'Timothy',
  LastName: 'Campbell',
});

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  try {
    const [rowCount] = await transaction.runUpdate({
      sql: `UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant'
      WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) = @name`,
      params: {
        name: nameStruct,
      },
    });

    console.log(`Successfully updated ${rowCount} record.`);
    await transaction.commit();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  } finally {
    // Close the database when finished.
    database.close();
  }
});

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Database;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Transaction;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\StructType;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\StructValue;

/**
 * Update data with a DML statement using Structs.
 *
 * The database and table must already exist and can be created using
 * `create_database`.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * insert_data($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function update_data_with_dml_structs(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $database->runTransaction(function (Transaction $t) {
        $nameValue = (new StructValue)
            ->add('FirstName', 'Timothy')
            ->add('LastName', 'Campbell');
        $nameType = (new StructType)
            ->add('FirstName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
            ->add('LastName', Database::TYPE_STRING);

        $rowCount = $t->executeUpdate(
            "UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant' "
             . 'WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) '
             . '= @name',
            [
                'parameters' => [
                    'name' => $nameValue
                ],
                'types' => [
                    'name' => $nameType
                ]
            ]);
        $t->commit();
        printf('Updated %d row(s).' . PHP_EOL, $rowCount);
    });
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

record_type = param_types.Struct(
    [
        param_types.StructField("FirstName", param_types.STRING),
        param_types.StructField("LastName", param_types.STRING),
    ]
)
record_value = ("Timothy", "Campbell")

def write_with_struct(transaction):
    row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
        "UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant' "
        "WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>"
        "(FirstName, LastName) = @name",
        params={"name": record_value},
        param_types={"name": record_type},
    )
    print("{} record(s) updated.".format(row_ct))

database.run_in_transaction(write_with_struct)

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id
row_count = 0
name_struct = { FirstName: "Timothy", LastName: "Campbell" }

client.transaction do |transaction|
  row_count = transaction.execute_update(
    "UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant'
     WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) = @name",
    params: { name: name_struct }
  )
end

puts "#{row_count} record updated."

Accéder aux valeurs du champ STRUCT

Vous pouvez accéder aux champs d'un objet STRUCT via leur nom.

C++

void FieldAccessOnStructParameters(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  // Cloud Spanner STRUCT<> with named fields is represented as
  // tuple<pair<string, T>...>. Create a type alias for this example:
  using SingerName = std::tuple<std::pair<std::string, std::string>,
                                std::pair<std::string, std::string>>;
  SingerName name({"FirstName", "Elena"}, {"LastName", "Campbell"});

  auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(spanner::SqlStatement(
      "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = @name.FirstName",
      {{"name", spanner::Value(name)}}));

  for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<std::tuple<std::int64_t>>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "SingerId: " << std::get<0>(*row) << "\n";
  }
  std::cout << "Query completed for"
            << " [spanner_field_access_on_struct_parameters]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class QueryDataWithStructFieldAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<List<int>> QueryDataWithStructFieldAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        var structParam = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Elena" },
            { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Campbell" },
        };

        var singerIds = new List<int>();
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var cmd = connection.CreateSelectCommand("SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = @name.FirstName");

        cmd.Parameters.Add("name", structParam.GetSpannerDbType(), structParam);
        using var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            singerIds.Add(reader.GetFieldValue<int>("SingerId"));
        }
        return singerIds;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func queryWithStructField(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	type structParam struct {
		FirstName string
		LastName  string
	}
	var singerInfo = structParam{"Elena", "Campbell"}
	stmt := spanner.Statement{
		SQL: `SELECT SingerId FROM SINGERS
			WHERE FirstName = @name.FirstName`,
		Params: map[string]interface{}{"name": singerInfo},
	}
	iter := client.Single().Query(ctx, stmt)
	defer iter.Stop()
	for {
		row, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		var singerID int64
		if err := row.Columns(&singerID); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d\n", singerID)
	}
}

Java

static void queryStructField(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  Statement s =
      Statement.newBuilder("SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = @name.FirstName")
          .bind("name")
          .to(
              Struct.newBuilder()
                  .set("FirstName")
                  .to("Elena")
                  .set("LastName")
                  .to("Campbell")
                  .build())
          .build();
  try (ResultSet resultSet = dbClient.singleUse().executeQuery(s)) {
    while (resultSet.next()) {
      System.out.printf("%d\n", resultSet.getLong("SingerId"));
    }
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

const nameStruct = Spanner.struct({
  FirstName: 'Elena',
  LastName: 'Campbell',
});
const query = {
  sql: 'SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = @name.FirstName',
  params: {
    name: nameStruct,
  },
};

// Queries rows from the Singers table
try {
  const [rows] = await database.run(query);

  rows.forEach(row => {
    const json = row.toJSON();
    console.log(`SingerId: ${json.SingerId}`);
  });
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  database.close();
}

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Database;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\StructType;

/**
 * Queries sample data from the database using a struct field value.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * query_data_with_struct_field($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function query_data_with_struct_field(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $nameType = (new StructType)
        ->add('FirstName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
        ->add('LastName', Database::TYPE_STRING);
    $results = $database->execute(
        'SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = @name.FirstName',
        [
            'parameters' => [
                'name' => [
                    'FirstName' => 'Elena',
                    'LastName' => 'Campbell'
                ]
            ],
            'types' => [
                'name' => $nameType
            ]
        ]
    );
    foreach ($results as $row) {
        printf('SingerId: %s' . PHP_EOL,
            $row['SingerId']);
    }
}

Python

def query_struct_field(instance_id, database_id):
    """Query a table using field access on a STRUCT parameter."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    name_type = param_types.Struct(
        [
            param_types.StructField("FirstName", param_types.STRING),
            param_types.StructField("LastName", param_types.STRING),
        ]
    )

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        results = snapshot.execute_sql(
            "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers " "WHERE FirstName = @name.FirstName",
            params={"name": ("Elena", "Campbell")},
            param_types={"name": name_type},
        )

    for row in results:
        print("SingerId: {}".format(*row))

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

name_struct = { FirstName: "Elena", LastName: "Campbell" }
client.execute(
  "SELECT SingerId FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = @name.FirstName",
  params: { name: name_struct }
).rows.each do |row|
  puts row[:SingerId]
end

Vous pouvez même avoir des champs de type STRUCT ou ARRAY<STRUCT> dans les valeurs STRUCT et y accéder de la même manière :

C++

void FieldAccessOnNestedStruct(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  // Cloud Spanner STRUCT<> with named fields is represented as
  // tuple<pair<string, T>...>. Create a type alias for this example:
  using SingerFullName = std::tuple<std::pair<std::string, std::string>,
                                    std::pair<std::string, std::string>>;
  auto make_name = [](std::string fname, std::string lname) {
    return SingerFullName({"FirstName", std::move(fname)},
                          {"LastName", std::move(lname)});
  };
  using SongInfo =
      std::tuple<std::pair<std::string, std::string>,
                 std::pair<std::string, std::vector<SingerFullName>>>;
  auto songinfo = SongInfo(
      {"SongName", "Imagination"},
      {"ArtistNames",
       {make_name("Elena", "Campbell"), make_name("Hannah", "Harris")}});

  auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(spanner::SqlStatement(
      "SELECT SingerId, @songinfo.SongName FROM Singers"
      " WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName)"
      "    IN UNNEST(@songinfo.ArtistNames)",
      {{"songinfo", spanner::Value(songinfo)}}));

  using RowType = std::tuple<std::int64_t, std::string>;
  for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "SingerId: " << std::get<0>(*row)
              << " SongName: " << std::get<1>(*row) << "\n";
  }
  std::cout << "Query completed for [spanner_field_access_on_nested_struct]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class QueryDataWithNestedStructFieldAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<List<int>> QueryDataWithNestedStructFieldAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        SpannerStruct name1 = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Elena" },
            { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Campbell" }
        };
        SpannerStruct name2 = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Hannah" },
            { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Harris" }
        };
        SpannerStruct songInfo = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "song_name", SpannerDbType.String, "Imagination" },
            { "artistNames", SpannerDbType.ArrayOf(name1.GetSpannerDbType()), new[] { name1, name2 } }
        };

        var singerIds = new List<int>();
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var cmd = connection.CreateSelectCommand(
            "SELECT SingerId, @song_info.song_name "
            + "FROM Singers WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) "
            + "IN UNNEST(@song_info.artistNames)");

        cmd.Parameters.Add("song_info", songInfo.GetSpannerDbType(), songInfo);

        using var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            var singerId = reader.GetFieldValue<int>("SingerId");
            singerIds.Add(singerId);
            Console.WriteLine($"SingerId: {singerId}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Song Name: {reader.GetFieldValue<string>(1)}");
        }
        return singerIds;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func queryWithNestedStructField(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	type nameType struct {
		FirstName string
		LastName  string
	}
	type songInfoStruct struct {
		SongName    string
		ArtistNames []nameType
	}
	var songInfo = songInfoStruct{
		SongName: "Imagination",
		ArtistNames: []nameType{
			{FirstName: "Elena", LastName: "Campbell"},
			{FirstName: "Hannah", LastName: "Harris"},
		},
	}
	stmt := spanner.Statement{
		SQL: `SELECT SingerId, @songinfo.SongName FROM Singers
			WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName)
			IN UNNEST(@songinfo.ArtistNames)`,
		Params: map[string]interface{}{"songinfo": songInfo},
	}
	iter := client.Single().Query(ctx, stmt)
	defer iter.Stop()
	for {
		row, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		var singerID int64
		var songName string
		if err := row.Columns(&singerID, &songName); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %s\n", singerID, songName)
	}
}

Java

static void queryNestedStructField(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  Type nameType =
      Type.struct(
          Arrays.asList(
              StructField.of("FirstName", Type.string()),
              StructField.of("LastName", Type.string())));

  Struct songInfo =
      Struct.newBuilder()
          .set("song_name")
          .to("Imagination")
          .set("artistNames")
          .toStructArray(
              nameType,
              Arrays.asList(
                  Struct.newBuilder()
                      .set("FirstName")
                      .to("Elena")
                      .set("LastName")
                      .to("Campbell")
                      .build(),
                  Struct.newBuilder()
                      .set("FirstName")
                      .to("Hannah")
                      .set("LastName")
                      .to("Harris")
                      .build()))
          .build();
  Statement s =
      Statement.newBuilder(
              "SELECT SingerId, @song_info.song_name "
                  + "FROM Singers WHERE "
                  + "STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) "
                  + "IN UNNEST(@song_info.artistNames)")
          .bind("song_info")
          .to(songInfo)
          .build();
  try (ResultSet resultSet = dbClient.singleUse().executeQuery(s)) {
    while (resultSet.next()) {
      System.out.printf("%d %s\n", resultSet.getLong("SingerId"), resultSet.getString(1));
    }
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

const nameType = {
  type: 'struct',
  fields: [
    {
      name: 'FirstName',
      type: 'string',
    },
    {
      name: 'LastName',
      type: 'string',
    },
  ],
};

// Creates Song info STRUCT with a nested ArtistNames array
const songInfoType = {
  type: 'struct',
  fields: [
    {
      name: 'SongName',
      type: 'string',
    },
    {
      name: 'ArtistNames',
      type: 'array',
      child: nameType,
    },
  ],
};

const songInfoStruct = Spanner.struct({
  SongName: 'Imagination',
  ArtistNames: [
    Spanner.struct({FirstName: 'Elena', LastName: 'Campbell'}),
    Spanner.struct({FirstName: 'Hannah', LastName: 'Harris'}),
  ],
});

const query = {
  sql:
    'SELECT SingerId, @songInfo.SongName FROM Singers ' +
    'WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) ' +
    'IN UNNEST(@songInfo.ArtistNames)',
  params: {
    songInfo: songInfoStruct,
  },
  types: {
    songInfo: songInfoType,
  },
};

// Queries rows from the Singers table
try {
  const [rows] = await database.run(query);

  rows.forEach(row => {
    const json = row.toJSON();
    console.log(`SingerId: ${json.SingerId}, SongName: ${json.SongName}`);
  });
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  database.close();
}

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Database;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\StructType;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\StructValue;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\ArrayType;

/**
 * Queries sample data from the database using a nested struct field value.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * query_data_with_nested_struct_field($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function query_data_with_nested_struct_field(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $nameType = new ArrayType(
        (new StructType)
            ->add('FirstName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
            ->add('LastName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
    );
    $songInfoType = (new StructType)
        ->add('SongName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
        ->add('ArtistNames', $nameType);
    $nameStructValue1 = (new StructValue)
        ->add('FirstName', 'Elena')
        ->add('LastName', 'Campbell');
    $nameStructValue2 = (new StructValue)
        ->add('FirstName', 'Hannah')
        ->add('LastName', 'Harris');
    $songInfoValues = (new StructValue)
        ->add('SongName', 'Imagination')
        ->add('ArtistNames', [$nameStructValue1, $nameStructValue2]);
    $results = $database->execute(
        'SELECT SingerId, @song_info.SongName FROM Singers ' .
        'WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) ' .
        'IN UNNEST(@song_info.ArtistNames)',
        [
            'parameters' => [
                'song_info' => $songInfoValues
            ],
            'types' => [
                'song_info' => $songInfoType
            ]
        ]
    );
    foreach ($results as $row) {
        printf('SingerId: %s SongName: %s' . PHP_EOL,
            $row['SingerId'], $row['SongName']);
    }
}

Python

def query_nested_struct_field(instance_id, database_id):
    """Query a table using nested field access on a STRUCT parameter."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    song_info_type = param_types.Struct(
        [
            param_types.StructField("SongName", param_types.STRING),
            param_types.StructField(
                "ArtistNames",
                param_types.Array(
                    param_types.Struct(
                        [
                            param_types.StructField("FirstName", param_types.STRING),
                            param_types.StructField("LastName", param_types.STRING),
                        ]
                    )
                ),
            ),
        ]
    )

    song_info = ("Imagination", [("Elena", "Campbell"), ("Hannah", "Harris")])

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        results = snapshot.execute_sql(
            "SELECT SingerId, @song_info.SongName "
            "FROM Singers WHERE "
            "STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>"
            "(FirstName, LastName) "
            "IN UNNEST(@song_info.ArtistNames)",
            params={"song_info": song_info},
            param_types={"song_info": song_info_type},
        )

    for row in results:
        print("SingerId: {} SongName: {}".format(*row))

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

name_type = client.fields FirstName: :STRING, LastName: :STRING

song_info_struct = {
  SongName:    "Imagination",
  ArtistNames: [name_type.struct(["Elena", "Campbell"]), name_type.struct(["Hannah", "Harris"])]
}

client.execute(
  "SELECT SingerId, @song_info.SongName " \
  "FROM Singers WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) " \
  "IN UNNEST(@song_info.ArtistNames)",
  params: { song_info: song_info_struct }
).rows.each do |row|
  puts (row[:SingerId]), (row[:SongName])
end