Inserir, atualizar e eliminar dados através de mutações

Esta página descreve como inserir, atualizar e eliminar dados através de mutações. Uma mutação representa uma sequência de inserções, atualizações e eliminações que o Spanner aplica atomicamente a diferentes linhas e tabelas numa base de dados. As mutações foram concebidas para escrever dados. Não podem ler dados das suas tabelas. Muitas operações de atualização têm de ler os dados existentes antes de fazer modificações. Para estes exemplos de utilização, tem de usar uma transação de leitura/escrita, que permite ao Spanner ler linhas e, em seguida, aplicar mutações na mesma operação atómica.

Embora possa confirmar mutações através do gRPC ou do REST, é mais comum aceder às APIs através das bibliotecas cliente.

Se precisar de confirmar um grande número de escritas cegas, mas não precisar de uma transação atómica, pode modificar em massa as tabelas do Spanner através da escrita em lote. Para mais informações, consulte o artigo Modifique dados através de gravações em lote.

Inserir novas linhas numa tabela

C++

Escreve dados através da função InsertMutationBuilder(). Client::Commit() adiciona novas linhas a uma tabela. Todas as inserções num único lote são aplicadas de forma atómica.

Este código mostra como escrever os dados:

void InsertData(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto insert_singers = spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
                            "Singers", {"SingerId", "FirstName", "LastName"})
                            .EmplaceRow(1, "Marc", "Richards")
                            .EmplaceRow(2, "Catalina", "Smith")
                            .EmplaceRow(3, "Alice", "Trentor")
                            .EmplaceRow(4, "Lea", "Martin")
                            .EmplaceRow(5, "David", "Lomond")
                            .Build();

  auto insert_albums = spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
                           "Albums", {"SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"})
                           .EmplaceRow(1, 1, "Total Junk")
                           .EmplaceRow(1, 2, "Go, Go, Go")
                           .EmplaceRow(2, 1, "Green")
                           .EmplaceRow(2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace")
                           .EmplaceRow(2, 3, "Terrified")
                           .Build();

  auto commit_result =
      client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{insert_singers, insert_albums});
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Insert was successful [spanner_insert_data]\n";
}

C#

Pode inserir dados através do método connection.CreateInsertCommand(), que cria um novo SpannerCommand para inserir linhas numa tabela. O método SpannerCommand.ExecuteNonQueryAsync() adiciona novas linhas à tabela.

Nota: pode executar várias transações em paralelo usando um único objeto SpannerConnection. Quando executar transações adicionais, tem de garantir que o objeto SpannerConnection está no estado Open antes de executar comandos de transação adicionais chamando o método SpannerCommand.ExecuteNonQueryAsync(), como se vê no exemplo seguinte.

Este código mostra como inserir dados:

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class InsertDataAsyncSample
{
    public class Singer
    {
        public int SingerId { get; set; }
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
    }

    public class Album
    {
        public int SingerId { get; set; }
        public int AlbumId { get; set; }
        public string AlbumTitle { get; set; }
    }

    public async Task InsertDataAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        List<Singer> singers = new List<Singer>
        {
            new Singer { SingerId = 1, FirstName = "Marc", LastName = "Richards" },
            new Singer { SingerId = 2, FirstName = "Catalina", LastName = "Smith" },
            new Singer { SingerId = 3, FirstName = "Alice", LastName = "Trentor" },
            new Singer { SingerId = 4, FirstName = "Lea", LastName = "Martin" },
            new Singer { SingerId = 5, FirstName = "David", LastName = "Lomond" },
        };
        List<Album> albums = new List<Album>
        {
            new Album { SingerId = 1, AlbumId = 1, AlbumTitle = "Total Junk" },
            new Album { SingerId = 1, AlbumId = 2, AlbumTitle = "Go, Go, Go" },
            new Album { SingerId = 2, AlbumId = 1, AlbumTitle = "Green" },
            new Album { SingerId = 2, AlbumId = 2, AlbumTitle = "Forever Hold your Peace" },
            new Album { SingerId = 2, AlbumId = 3, AlbumTitle = "Terrified" },
        };

        // Create connection to Cloud Spanner.
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        await connection.RunWithRetriableTransactionAsync(async transaction =>
        {
            await Task.WhenAll(singers.Select(singer =>
            {
                // Insert rows into the Singers table.
                using var cmd = connection.CreateInsertCommand("Singers", new SpannerParameterCollection
                {
                        { "SingerId", SpannerDbType.Int64, singer.SingerId },
                        { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, singer.FirstName },
                        { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, singer.LastName }
                });
                cmd.Transaction = transaction;
                return cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
            }));

            await Task.WhenAll(albums.Select(album =>
            {
                // Insert rows into the Albums table.
                using var cmd = connection.CreateInsertCommand("Albums", new SpannerParameterCollection
                {
                        { "SingerId", SpannerDbType.Int64, album.SingerId },
                        { "AlbumId", SpannerDbType.Int64, album.AlbumId },
                        { "AlbumTitle", SpannerDbType.String,album.AlbumTitle }
                });
                cmd.Transaction = transaction;
                return cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
            }));
        });
        Console.WriteLine("Data inserted.");
    }
}

Go

Escreve dados através de um Mutation. Um Mutation é um contentor para operações de mutação. Um Mutation representa uma sequência de inserções, atualizações ou eliminações que podem ser aplicadas atomicamente a diferentes linhas e tabelas numa base de dados do Spanner.

Use Mutation.InsertOrUpdate() para criar uma mutação INSERT_OR_UPDATE, que adiciona uma nova linha ou atualiza os valores das colunas se a linha já existir. Em alternativa, use o método Mutation.Insert() para criar uma mutação INSERT, que adiciona uma nova linha.

Client.Apply() aplica mutações de forma atómica a uma base de dados.

Este código mostra como escrever os dados:

import (
	"context"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func write(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	singerColumns := []string{"SingerId", "FirstName", "LastName"}
	albumColumns := []string{"SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"}
	m := []*spanner.Mutation{
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Singers", singerColumns, []interface{}{1, "Marc", "Richards"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Singers", singerColumns, []interface{}{2, "Catalina", "Smith"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Singers", singerColumns, []interface{}{3, "Alice", "Trentor"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Singers", singerColumns, []interface{}{4, "Lea", "Martin"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Singers", singerColumns, []interface{}{5, "David", "Lomond"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Albums", albumColumns, []interface{}{1, 1, "Total Junk"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Albums", albumColumns, []interface{}{1, 2, "Go, Go, Go"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Albums", albumColumns, []interface{}{2, 1, "Green"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Albums", albumColumns, []interface{}{2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Albums", albumColumns, []interface{}{2, 3, "Terrified"}),
	}
	_, err = client.Apply(ctx, m)
	return err
}

Java

Escreve dados através de um objeto Mutation. Um Mutation objeto é um contentor para operações de mutação. Uma Mutation representa uma sequência de inserções, atualizações e eliminações que o Spanner aplica atomicamente a diferentes linhas e tabelas numa base de dados do Spanner.

O método newInsertBuilder() na classe Mutation cria uma mutação INSERT, que insere uma nova linha numa tabela. Se a linha já existir, a gravação falha. Em alternativa, pode usar o método newInsertOrUpdateBuilder para criar uma mutação INSERT_OR_UPDATE, que atualiza os valores das colunas se a linha já existir.

O método write() na classe DatabaseClient escreve as mutações. Todas as mutações num único lote são aplicadas de forma atómica.

Este código mostra como escrever os dados:

static final List<Singer> SINGERS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Singer(1, "Marc", "Richards"),
        new Singer(2, "Catalina", "Smith"),
        new Singer(3, "Alice", "Trentor"),
        new Singer(4, "Lea", "Martin"),
        new Singer(5, "David", "Lomond"));

static final List<Album> ALBUMS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Album(1, 1, "Total Junk"),
        new Album(1, 2, "Go, Go, Go"),
        new Album(2, 1, "Green"),
        new Album(2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace"),
        new Album(2, 3, "Terrified"));
static void writeExampleData(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  List<Mutation> mutations = new ArrayList<>();
  for (Singer singer : SINGERS) {
    mutations.add(
        Mutation.newInsertBuilder("Singers")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(singer.singerId)
            .set("FirstName")
            .to(singer.firstName)
            .set("LastName")
            .to(singer.lastName)
            .build());
  }
  for (Album album : ALBUMS) {
    mutations.add(
        Mutation.newInsertBuilder("Albums")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(album.singerId)
            .set("AlbumId")
            .to(album.albumId)
            .set("AlbumTitle")
            .to(album.albumTitle)
            .build());
  }
  dbClient.write(mutations);
}

Node.js

Escreve dados através de um objeto Table. O método Table.insert() adiciona novas linhas à tabela. Todas as inserções num único lote são aplicadas de forma atómica.

Este código mostra como escrever os dados:

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

// Instantiate Spanner table objects
const singersTable = database.table('Singers');
const albumsTable = database.table('Albums');

// Inserts rows into the Singers table
// Note: Cloud Spanner interprets Node.js numbers as FLOAT64s, so
// they must be converted to strings before being inserted as INT64s
try {
  await singersTable.insert([
    {SingerId: '1', FirstName: 'Marc', LastName: 'Richards'},
    {SingerId: '2', FirstName: 'Catalina', LastName: 'Smith'},
    {SingerId: '3', FirstName: 'Alice', LastName: 'Trentor'},
    {SingerId: '4', FirstName: 'Lea', LastName: 'Martin'},
    {SingerId: '5', FirstName: 'David', LastName: 'Lomond'},
  ]);

  await albumsTable.insert([
    {SingerId: '1', AlbumId: '1', AlbumTitle: 'Total Junk'},
    {SingerId: '1', AlbumId: '2', AlbumTitle: 'Go, Go, Go'},
    {SingerId: '2', AlbumId: '1', AlbumTitle: 'Green'},
    {SingerId: '2', AlbumId: '2', AlbumTitle: 'Forever Hold your Peace'},
    {SingerId: '2', AlbumId: '3', AlbumTitle: 'Terrified'},
  ]);

  console.log('Inserted data.');
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  await database.close();
}

PHP

Escreve dados através do método Database::insertBatch. insertBatch adiciona novas linhas a uma tabela. Todas as inserções num único lote são aplicadas de forma atómica.

Este código mostra como escrever os dados:

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Inserts sample data into the given database.
 *
 * The database and table must already exist and can be created using
 * `create_database`.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * insert_data($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function insert_data(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $operation = $database->transaction(['singleUse' => true])
        ->insertBatch('Singers', [
            ['SingerId' => 1, 'FirstName' => 'Marc', 'LastName' => 'Richards'],
            ['SingerId' => 2, 'FirstName' => 'Catalina', 'LastName' => 'Smith'],
            ['SingerId' => 3, 'FirstName' => 'Alice', 'LastName' => 'Trentor'],
            ['SingerId' => 4, 'FirstName' => 'Lea', 'LastName' => 'Martin'],
            ['SingerId' => 5, 'FirstName' => 'David', 'LastName' => 'Lomond'],
        ])
        ->insertBatch('Albums', [
            ['SingerId' => 1, 'AlbumId' => 1, 'AlbumTitle' => 'Total Junk'],
            ['SingerId' => 1, 'AlbumId' => 2, 'AlbumTitle' => 'Go, Go, Go'],
            ['SingerId' => 2, 'AlbumId' => 1, 'AlbumTitle' => 'Green'],
            ['SingerId' => 2, 'AlbumId' => 2, 'AlbumTitle' => 'Forever Hold Your Peace'],
            ['SingerId' => 2, 'AlbumId' => 3, 'AlbumTitle' => 'Terrified']
        ])
        ->commit();

    print('Inserted data.' . PHP_EOL);
}

Python

Escreve dados através de um objeto Batch. Um objeto Batch é um contentor para operações de mutação. Uma mutação representa uma sequência de inserções, atualizações ou eliminações que podem ser aplicadas atomicamente a diferentes linhas e tabelas numa base de dados do Spanner.

O método insert() na classe Batch é usado para adicionar uma ou mais mutações de inserção ao lote. Todas as mutações num único lote são aplicadas de forma atómica.

Este código mostra como escrever os dados:

def insert_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Inserts sample data into the given database.

    The database and table must already exist and can be created using
    `create_database`.
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.batch() as batch:
        batch.insert(
            table="Singers",
            columns=("SingerId", "FirstName", "LastName"),
            values=[
                (1, "Marc", "Richards"),
                (2, "Catalina", "Smith"),
                (3, "Alice", "Trentor"),
                (4, "Lea", "Martin"),
                (5, "David", "Lomond"),
            ],
        )

        batch.insert(
            table="Albums",
            columns=("SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"),
            values=[
                (1, 1, "Total Junk"),
                (1, 2, "Go, Go, Go"),
                (2, 1, "Green"),
                (2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace"),
                (2, 3, "Terrified"),
            ],
        )

    print("Inserted data.")

Ruby

Escreve dados através de um objeto Client. O método Client#commit cria e confirma uma transação para escritas que são executadas atomicamente num único ponto lógico no tempo em colunas, linhas e tabelas numa base de dados.

Este código mostra como escrever os dados:

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

client.commit do |c|
  c.insert "Singers", [
    { SingerId: 1, FirstName: "Marc",     LastName: "Richards" },
    { SingerId: 2, FirstName: "Catalina", LastName: "Smith"    },
    { SingerId: 3, FirstName: "Alice",    LastName: "Trentor"  },
    { SingerId: 4, FirstName: "Lea",      LastName: "Martin"   },
    { SingerId: 5, FirstName: "David",    LastName: "Lomond"   }
  ]
  c.insert "Albums", [
    { SingerId: 1, AlbumId: 1, AlbumTitle: "Total Junk" },
    { SingerId: 1, AlbumId: 2, AlbumTitle: "Go, Go, Go" },
    { SingerId: 2, AlbumId: 1, AlbumTitle: "Green" },
    { SingerId: 2, AlbumId: 2, AlbumTitle: "Forever Hold Your Peace" },
    { SingerId: 2, AlbumId: 3, AlbumTitle: "Terrified" }
  ]
end

puts "Inserted data"

Atualize linhas numa tabela

Nota: o Spanner tem de ler os dados nas respetivas tabelas para determinar se deve escrever novos valores. Tem de usar uma transação de leitura/escrita para realizar as leituras e as escritas de forma atómica.

Suponhamos que as vendas de Albums(1, 1) são inferiores ao esperado. Como resultado, quer transferir 200 000 € do orçamento de marketing de Albums(2, 2) para Albums(1, 1), mas apenas se o dinheiro estiver disponível no orçamento de Albums(2, 2).

C++

Use a função Transaction() para executar uma transação para um cliente.

Segue-se o código para executar a transação:

void ReadWriteTransaction(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;

  // A helper to read a single album MarketingBudget.
  auto get_current_budget =
      [](spanner::Client client, spanner::Transaction txn,
         std::int64_t singer_id,
         std::int64_t album_id) -> StatusOr<std::int64_t> {
    auto key = spanner::KeySet().AddKey(spanner::MakeKey(singer_id, album_id));
    auto rows = client.Read(std::move(txn), "Albums", std::move(key),
                            {"MarketingBudget"});
    using RowType = std::tuple<std::int64_t>;
    auto row = spanner::GetSingularRow(spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows));
    if (!row) return std::move(row).status();
    return std::get<0>(*std::move(row));
  };

  auto commit = client.Commit(
      [&client, &get_current_budget](
          spanner::Transaction const& txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto b1 = get_current_budget(client, txn, 1, 1);
        if (!b1) return std::move(b1).status();
        auto b2 = get_current_budget(client, txn, 2, 2);
        if (!b2) return std::move(b2).status();
        std::int64_t transfer_amount = 200000;

        return spanner::Mutations{
            spanner::UpdateMutationBuilder(
                "Albums", {"SingerId", "AlbumId", "MarketingBudget"})
                .EmplaceRow(1, 1, *b1 + transfer_amount)
                .EmplaceRow(2, 2, *b2 - transfer_amount)
                .Build()};
      });

  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();
  std::cout << "Transfer was successful [spanner_read_write_transaction]\n";
}

C#

Para o .NET Standard 2.0 (ou .NET 4.5) e mais recente, pode usar o TransactionScope() do framework .NET para executar uma transação. Para todas as versões suportadas do .NET, pode criar uma transação definindo o resultado de SpannerConnection.BeginTransactionAsync como a propriedade Transaction de SpannerCommand.

Seguem-se as duas formas de executar a transação:

.NET Standard 2.0

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Transactions;

public class ReadWriteWithTransactionAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> ReadWriteWithTransactionAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        // This sample transfers 200,000 from the MarketingBudget
        // field of the second Album to the first Album. Make sure to run
        // the Add Column and Write Data To New Column samples first,
        // in that order.

        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using TransactionScope scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeAsyncFlowOption.Enabled);
        decimal transferAmount = 200000;
        decimal secondBudget = 0;
        decimal firstBudget = 0;

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var cmdLookup1 = connection.CreateSelectCommand("SELECT * FROM Albums WHERE SingerId = 2 AND AlbumId = 2");

        using (var reader = await cmdLookup1.ExecuteReaderAsync())
        {
            while (await reader.ReadAsync())
            {
                // Read the second album's budget.
                secondBudget = reader.GetFieldValue<decimal>("MarketingBudget");
                // Confirm second Album's budget is sufficient and
                // if not raise an exception. Raising an exception
                // will automatically roll back the transaction.
                if (secondBudget < transferAmount)
                {
                    throw new Exception($"The second album's budget {secondBudget} is less than the amount to transfer.");
                }
            }
        }

        // Read the first album's budget.
        using var cmdLookup2 = connection.CreateSelectCommand("SELECT * FROM Albums WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1");
        using (var reader = await cmdLookup2.ExecuteReaderAsync())
        {
            while (await reader.ReadAsync())
            {
                firstBudget = reader.GetFieldValue<decimal>("MarketingBudget");
            }
        }

        // Specify update command parameters.
        using var cmdUpdate = connection.CreateUpdateCommand("Albums", new SpannerParameterCollection
        {
            { "SingerId", SpannerDbType.Int64 },
            { "AlbumId", SpannerDbType.Int64 },
            { "MarketingBudget", SpannerDbType.Int64 },
        });

        // Update second album to remove the transfer amount.
        secondBudget -= transferAmount;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["SingerId"].Value = 2;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["AlbumId"].Value = 2;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["MarketingBudget"].Value = secondBudget;
        var rowCount = await cmdUpdate.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();

        // Update first album to add the transfer amount.
        firstBudget += transferAmount;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["SingerId"].Value = 1;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["AlbumId"].Value = 1;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["MarketingBudget"].Value = firstBudget;
        rowCount += await cmdUpdate.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
        scope.Complete();
        Console.WriteLine("Transaction complete.");
        return rowCount;
    }
}

.NET Standard 1.5

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class ReadWriteWithTransactionCoreAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> ReadWriteWithTransactionCoreAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        // This sample transfers 200,000 from the MarketingBudget
        // field of the second Album to the first Album. Make sure to run
        // the Add Column and Write Data To New Column samples first,
        // in that order.
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        decimal transferAmount = 200000;
        decimal secondBudget = 0;
        decimal firstBudget = 0;

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        using var transaction = await connection.BeginTransactionAsync();

        using var cmdLookup1 = connection.CreateSelectCommand("SELECT * FROM Albums WHERE SingerId = 2 AND AlbumId = 2");
        cmdLookup1.Transaction = transaction;

        using (var reader = await cmdLookup1.ExecuteReaderAsync())
        {
            while (await reader.ReadAsync())
            {
                // Read the second album's budget.
                secondBudget = reader.GetFieldValue<decimal>("MarketingBudget");
                // Confirm second Album's budget is sufficient and
                // if not raise an exception. Raising an exception
                // will automatically roll back the transaction.
                if (secondBudget < transferAmount)
                {
                    throw new Exception($"The second album's budget {secondBudget} contains less than the amount to transfer.");
                }
            }
        }
        // Read the first album's budget.
        using var cmdLookup2 = connection.CreateSelectCommand("SELECT * FROM Albums WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1");
        cmdLookup2.Transaction = transaction;
        using (var reader = await cmdLookup2.ExecuteReaderAsync())
        {
            while (await reader.ReadAsync())
            {
                firstBudget = reader.GetFieldValue<decimal>("MarketingBudget");
            }
        }

        // Specify update command parameters.
        using var cmdUpdate = connection.CreateUpdateCommand("Albums", new SpannerParameterCollection
        {
            { "SingerId", SpannerDbType.Int64 },
            { "AlbumId", SpannerDbType.Int64 },
            { "MarketingBudget", SpannerDbType.Int64 },
        });
        cmdUpdate.Transaction = transaction;

        // Update second album to remove the transfer amount.
        secondBudget -= transferAmount;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["SingerId"].Value = 2;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["AlbumId"].Value = 2;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["MarketingBudget"].Value = secondBudget;
        var rowCount = await cmdUpdate.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();

        // Update first album to add the transfer amount.
        firstBudget += transferAmount;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["SingerId"].Value = 1;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["AlbumId"].Value = 1;
        cmdUpdate.Parameters["MarketingBudget"].Value = firstBudget;
        rowCount += await cmdUpdate.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();

        await transaction.CommitAsync();
        Console.WriteLine("Transaction complete.");
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

Use o tipo ReadWriteTransaction para executar um conjunto de tarefas no contexto de uma transação de leitura/escrita. Client.ReadWriteTransaction() devolve um objeto ReadWriteTransaction.

O exemplo usa ReadWriteTransaction.ReadRow() para obter uma linha de dados.

O exemplo também usa ReadWriteTransaction.BufferWrite(), que adiciona uma lista de mutações ao conjunto de atualizações que serão aplicadas quando a transação for confirmada.

O exemplo também usa o tipo Key, que representa uma chave de linha numa tabela ou num índice do Spanner.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func writeWithTransaction(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		getBudget := func(key spanner.Key) (int64, error) {
			row, err := txn.ReadRow(ctx, "Albums", key, []string{"MarketingBudget"})
			if err != nil {
				return 0, err
			}
			var budget int64
			if err := row.Column(0, &budget); err != nil {
				return 0, err
			}
			return budget, nil
		}
		album2Budget, err := getBudget(spanner.Key{2, 2})
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		const transferAmt = 200000
		if album2Budget >= transferAmt {
			album1Budget, err := getBudget(spanner.Key{1, 1})
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			album1Budget += transferAmt
			album2Budget -= transferAmt
			cols := []string{"SingerId", "AlbumId", "MarketingBudget"}
			txn.BufferWrite([]*spanner.Mutation{
				spanner.Update("Albums", cols, []interface{}{1, 1, album1Budget}),
				spanner.Update("Albums", cols, []interface{}{2, 2, album2Budget}),
			})
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Moved %d from Album2's MarketingBudget to Album1's.", transferAmt)
		}
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

Use a interface TransactionRunner para executar um conjunto de tarefas no contexto de uma transação de leitura/escrita. Esta interface contém o método run(), que é usado para executar uma transação de leitura/escrita, com novas tentativas conforme necessário. O método readWriteTransaction da classe DatabaseClient devolve um objeto TransactionRunner para executar uma única transação lógica.

A classe TransactionRunner.TransactionCallable contém um método run() para realizar uma única tentativa de uma transação. run() recebe um objeto TransactionContext, que é um contexto para uma transação.

A amostra usa a classe Struct, que é útil para armazenar os resultados das chamadas readRow(). A amostra também usa a classe Key, que representa uma chave de linha numa tabela ou num índice do Spanner.

Segue-se o código para executar a transação:

static void writeWithTransaction(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(transaction -> {
        // Transfer marketing budget from one album to another. We do it in a transaction to
        // ensure that the transfer is atomic.
        Struct row =
            transaction.readRow("Albums", Key.of(2, 2), Arrays.asList("MarketingBudget"));
        long album2Budget = row.getLong(0);
        // Transaction will only be committed if this condition still holds at the time of
        // commit. Otherwise it will be aborted and the callable will be rerun by the
        // client library.
        long transfer = 200000;
        if (album2Budget >= transfer) {
          long album1Budget =
              transaction
                  .readRow("Albums", Key.of(1, 1), Arrays.asList("MarketingBudget"))
                  .getLong(0);
          album1Budget += transfer;
          album2Budget -= transfer;
          transaction.buffer(
              Mutation.newUpdateBuilder("Albums")
                  .set("SingerId")
                  .to(1)
                  .set("AlbumId")
                  .to(1)
                  .set("MarketingBudget")
                  .to(album1Budget)
                  .build());
          transaction.buffer(
              Mutation.newUpdateBuilder("Albums")
                  .set("SingerId")
                  .to(2)
                  .set("AlbumId")
                  .to(2)
                  .set("MarketingBudget")
                  .to(album2Budget)
                  .build());
        }
        return null;
      });
}

Node.js

Use Database.runTransaction() para executar uma transação.

Segue-se o código para executar a transação:

// This sample transfers 200,000 from the MarketingBudget field
// of the second Album to the first Album, as long as the second
// Album has enough money in its budget. Make sure to run the
// addColumn and updateData samples first (in that order).

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

const transferAmount = 200000;

// Note: the `runTransaction()` method is non blocking and returns "void".
// For sequential execution of the transaction use `runTransactionAsync()` method which returns a promise.
// For example: await database.runTransactionAsync(async (err, transaction) => { ... })
database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  let firstBudget, secondBudget;
  const queryOne = {
    columns: ['MarketingBudget'],
    keys: [[2, 2]], // SingerId: 2, AlbumId: 2
  };

  const queryTwo = {
    columns: ['MarketingBudget'],
    keys: [[1, 1]], // SingerId: 1, AlbumId: 1
  };

  Promise.all([
    // Reads the second album's budget
    transaction.read('Albums', queryOne).then(results => {
      // Gets second album's budget
      const rows = results[0].map(row => row.toJSON());
      secondBudget = rows[0].MarketingBudget;
      console.log(`The second album's marketing budget: ${secondBudget}`);

      // Makes sure the second album's budget is large enough
      if (secondBudget < transferAmount) {
        throw new Error(
          `The second album's budget (${secondBudget}) is less than the transfer amount (${transferAmount}).`,
        );
      }
    }),

    // Reads the first album's budget
    transaction.read('Albums', queryTwo).then(results => {
      // Gets first album's budget
      const rows = results[0].map(row => row.toJSON());
      firstBudget = rows[0].MarketingBudget;
      console.log(`The first album's marketing budget: ${firstBudget}`);
    }),
  ])
    .then(() => {
      console.log(firstBudget, secondBudget);
      // Transfers the budgets between the albums
      firstBudget += transferAmount;
      secondBudget -= transferAmount;

      console.log(firstBudget, secondBudget);

      // Updates the database
      // Note: Cloud Spanner interprets Node.js numbers as FLOAT64s, so they
      // must be converted (back) to strings before being inserted as INT64s.
      transaction.update('Albums', [
        {
          SingerId: '1',
          AlbumId: '1',
          MarketingBudget: firstBudget.toString(),
        },
        {
          SingerId: '2',
          AlbumId: '2',
          MarketingBudget: secondBudget.toString(),
        },
      ]);
    })
    .then(() => {
      // Commits the transaction and send the changes to the database
      return transaction.commit();
    })
    .then(() => {
      console.log(
        `Successfully executed read-write transaction to transfer ${transferAmount} from Album 2 to Album 1.`,
      );
    })
    .catch(err => {
      console.error('ERROR:', err);
    })
    .then(() => {
      transaction.end();
      // Closes the database when finished
      return database.close();
    });
});

PHP

Use Database::runTransaction para executar uma transação.

Segue-se o código para executar a transação:

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Transaction;
use UnexpectedValueException;

/**
 * Performs a read-write transaction to update two sample records in the
 * database.
 *
 * This will transfer 200,000 from the `MarketingBudget` field for the second
 * Album to the first Album. If the `MarketingBudget` for the second Album is
 * too low, it will raise an exception.
 *
 * Before running this sample, you will need to run the `update_data` sample
 * to populate the fields.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * read_write_transaction($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function read_write_transaction(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $database->runTransaction(function (Transaction $t) use ($spanner) {
        $transferAmount = 200000;

        // Read the second album's budget.
        $secondAlbumKey = [2, 2];
        $secondAlbumKeySet = $spanner->keySet(['keys' => [$secondAlbumKey]]);
        $secondAlbumResult = $t->read(
            'Albums',
            $secondAlbumKeySet,
            ['MarketingBudget'],
            ['limit' => 1]
        );

        $firstRow = $secondAlbumResult->rows()->current();
        $secondAlbumBudget = $firstRow['MarketingBudget'];
        if ($secondAlbumBudget < $transferAmount) {
            // Throwing an exception will automatically roll back the transaction.
            throw new UnexpectedValueException(
                'The second album\'s budget is lower than the transfer amount: ' . $transferAmount
            );
        }

        $firstAlbumKey = [1, 1];
        $firstAlbumKeySet = $spanner->keySet(['keys' => [$firstAlbumKey]]);
        $firstAlbumResult = $t->read(
            'Albums',
            $firstAlbumKeySet,
            ['MarketingBudget'],
            ['limit' => 1]
        );

        // Read the first album's budget.
        $firstRow = $firstAlbumResult->rows()->current();
        $firstAlbumBudget = $firstRow['MarketingBudget'];

        // Update the budgets.
        $secondAlbumBudget -= $transferAmount;
        $firstAlbumBudget += $transferAmount;
        printf('Setting first album\'s budget to %s and the second album\'s ' .
            'budget to %s.' . PHP_EOL, $firstAlbumBudget, $secondAlbumBudget);

        // Update the rows.
        $t->updateBatch('Albums', [
            ['SingerId' => 1, 'AlbumId' => 1, 'MarketingBudget' => $firstAlbumBudget],
            ['SingerId' => 2, 'AlbumId' => 2, 'MarketingBudget' => $secondAlbumBudget],
        ]);

        // Commit the transaction!
        $t->commit();

        print('Transaction complete.' . PHP_EOL);
    });
}

Python

Use o método run_in_transaction() da classe Database para executar uma transação.

Segue-se o código para executar a transação:

def read_write_transaction(instance_id, database_id):
    """Performs a read-write transaction to update two sample records in the
    database.

    This will transfer 200,000 from the `MarketingBudget` field for the second
    Album to the first Album. If the `MarketingBudget` is too low, it will
    raise an exception.

    Before running this sample, you will need to run the `update_data` sample
    to populate the fields.
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    def update_albums(transaction):
        # Read the second album budget.
        second_album_keyset = spanner.KeySet(keys=[(2, 2)])
        second_album_result = transaction.read(
            table="Albums",
            columns=("MarketingBudget",),
            keyset=second_album_keyset,
            limit=1,
        )
        second_album_row = list(second_album_result)[0]
        second_album_budget = second_album_row[0]

        transfer_amount = 200000

        if second_album_budget < transfer_amount:
            # Raising an exception will automatically roll back the
            # transaction.
            raise ValueError("The second album doesn't have enough funds to transfer")

        # Read the first album's budget.
        first_album_keyset = spanner.KeySet(keys=[(1, 1)])
        first_album_result = transaction.read(
            table="Albums",
            columns=("MarketingBudget",),
            keyset=first_album_keyset,
            limit=1,
        )
        first_album_row = list(first_album_result)[0]
        first_album_budget = first_album_row[0]

        # Update the budgets.
        second_album_budget -= transfer_amount
        first_album_budget += transfer_amount
        print(
            "Setting first album's budget to {} and the second album's "
            "budget to {}.".format(first_album_budget, second_album_budget)
        )

        # Update the rows.
        transaction.update(
            table="Albums",
            columns=("SingerId", "AlbumId", "MarketingBudget"),
            values=[(1, 1, first_album_budget), (2, 2, second_album_budget)],
        )

    database.run_in_transaction(update_albums)

    print("Transaction complete.")

Ruby

Use o método transaction da classe Client para executar uma transação.

Segue-se o código para executar a transação:

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner         = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client          = spanner.client instance_id, database_id
transfer_amount = 200_000

client.transaction do |transaction|
  first_album  = transaction.read("Albums", [:MarketingBudget], keys: [[1, 1]]).rows.first
  second_album = transaction.read("Albums", [:MarketingBudget], keys: [[2, 2]]).rows.first

  raise "The second album does not have enough funds to transfer" if second_album[:MarketingBudget] < transfer_amount

  new_first_album_budget  = first_album[:MarketingBudget] + transfer_amount
  new_second_album_budget = second_album[:MarketingBudget] - transfer_amount

  transaction.update "Albums", [
    { SingerId: 1, AlbumId: 1, MarketingBudget: new_first_album_budget  },
    { SingerId: 2, AlbumId: 2, MarketingBudget: new_second_album_budget }
  ]
end

puts "Transaction complete"

Elimine linhas numa tabela

Cada biblioteca cliente oferece várias formas de eliminar linhas:

• Eliminar todas as linhas numa tabela.
• Eliminar uma única linha especificando os valores da coluna de chave para a linha.
• Elimine um grupo de linhas criando um intervalo de chaves.
• Elimine linhas numa tabela intercalada eliminando as linhas principais, se a tabela intercalada incluir ON DELETE CASCADE na respetiva definição do esquema.

Nota: o limite de mutações por confirmação é de 80 000. Cada índice secundário numa tabela é uma mutação adicional por linha. Por exemplo, numa tabela com um índice secundário, pode eliminar até 40 000 linhas num commit. Para eliminar uma grande quantidade de dados, use o DML particionado. A DML particionada processa os limites de transação e está otimizada para processar eliminações em grande escala.

C++

Elimine linhas com a função DeleteMutationBuilder() para um cliente.

Este código mostra como eliminar os dados:

void DeleteData(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  // Delete the albums with key (2,1) and (2,3).
  auto delete_albums = spanner::DeleteMutationBuilder(
                           "Albums", spanner::KeySet()
                                         .AddKey(spanner::MakeKey(2, 1))
                                         .AddKey(spanner::MakeKey(2, 3)))
                           .Build();

  // Delete some singers using the keys in the range [3, 5]
  auto delete_singers_range =
      spanner::DeleteMutationBuilder(
          "Singers", spanner::KeySet().AddRange(spanner::MakeKeyBoundClosed(3),
                                                spanner::MakeKeyBoundOpen(5)))
          .Build();

  // Deletes remaining rows from the Singers table and the Albums table, because
  // the Albums table is defined with ON DELETE CASCADE.
  auto delete_singers_all =
      spanner::MakeDeleteMutation("Singers", spanner::KeySet::All());

  auto commit_result = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      delete_albums, delete_singers_range, delete_singers_all});
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Delete was successful [spanner_delete_data]\n";
}

C#

Elimine linhas através do método connection.CreateDeleteCommand(), que cria um novo SpannerCommand para eliminar linhas. O método SpannerCommand.ExecuteNonQueryAsync() elimina as linhas da tabela.

Este exemplo elimina as linhas na tabela Singers individualmente. As linhas na tabela Albums são eliminadas porque a tabela Albums está intercalada na tabela Singers e é definida com ON DELETE CASCADE.

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class DeleteDataAsyncSample
{
    public class Album
    {
        public int SingerId { get; set; }
        public int AlbumId { get; set; }
        public string AlbumTitle { get; set; }
    }

    public async Task<int> DeleteDataAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        var albums = new List<Album>
        {
            new Album { SingerId = 2, AlbumId = 1, AlbumTitle = "Green" },
            new Album { SingerId = 2, AlbumId = 3, AlbumTitle = "Terrified" },
        };

        int rowCount = 0;
        using (var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString))
        {
            await connection.OpenAsync();

            // Delete individual rows from the Albums table.
            await Task.WhenAll(albums.Select(async album =>
            {
                var cmd = connection.CreateDeleteCommand("Albums", new SpannerParameterCollection
                {
                    { "SingerId", SpannerDbType.Int64, album.SingerId },
                    { "AlbumId", SpannerDbType.Int64, album.AlbumId }
                });
                rowCount += await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
            }));
            Console.WriteLine("Deleted individual rows in Albums.");

            // Delete a range of rows from the Singers table where the column key is >=3 and <5.
            var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId >= 3 AND SingerId < 5");
            rowCount += await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
            Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) deleted from Singers.");

            // Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining
            // Albums rows since it was defined with ON DELETE CASCADE.
            cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE true");
            rowCount += await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
            Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) deleted from Singers.");
        }
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

Elimine linhas com um Mutation. Use o método Mutation.Delete() para criar uma mutação DELETE, que elimina uma linha. O método Client.Apply() aplica mutações de forma atómica à base de dados.

Este exemplo elimina as linhas na tabela Albums individualmente e, em seguida, elimina todas as linhas na tabela Singers através de um KeyRange.

import (
	"context"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func delete(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	m := []*spanner.Mutation{
		// spanner.Key can be used to delete a specific set of rows.
		// Delete the Albums with the key values (2,1) and (2,3).
		spanner.Delete("Albums", spanner.Key{2, 1}),
		spanner.Delete("Albums", spanner.Key{2, 3}),
		// spanner.KeyRange can be used to delete rows with a key in a specific range.
		// Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
		spanner.Delete("Singers", spanner.KeyRange{Start: spanner.Key{3}, End: spanner.Key{5}, Kind: spanner.ClosedOpen}),
		// spanner.AllKeys can be used to delete all the rows in a table.
		// Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining Albums rows since it was
		// defined with ON DELETE CASCADE.
		spanner.Delete("Singers", spanner.AllKeys()),
	}
	_, err = client.Apply(ctx, m)
	return err
}

Java

Elimine linhas com o método Mutation.delete().

Este exemplo usa o método KeySet.all() para eliminar todas as linhas na tabela Albums. Depois de eliminar as linhas na tabela Albums, o exemplo elimina as linhas na tabela Singers individualmente usando chaves criadas com o método KeySet.singleKey().

static void deleteExampleData(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  List<Mutation> mutations = new ArrayList<>();

  // KeySet.Builder can be used to delete a specific set of rows.
  // Delete the Albums with the key values (2,1) and (2,3).
  mutations.add(
      Mutation.delete(
          "Albums", KeySet.newBuilder().addKey(Key.of(2, 1)).addKey(Key.of(2, 3)).build()));

  // KeyRange can be used to delete rows with a key in a specific range.
  // Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
  mutations.add(
      Mutation.delete("Singers", KeySet.range(KeyRange.closedOpen(Key.of(3), Key.of(5)))));

  // KeySet.all() can be used to delete all the rows in a table.
  // Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining Albums rows since it was
  // defined with ON DELETE CASCADE.
  mutations.add(Mutation.delete("Singers", KeySet.all()));

  dbClient.write(mutations);
  System.out.printf("Records deleted.\n");
}

Node.js

Elimine linhas com o método table.deleteRows().

Este exemplo usa o método table.deleteRows() para eliminar todas as linhas da tabela Singers. As linhas na tabela Albums são eliminadas porque a tabela Albums está intercalada na tabela Singers e é definida com ON DELETE CASCADE.

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

// Instantiate Spanner table object
const albumsTable = database.table('Albums');

// Deletes individual rows from the Albums table.
try {
  const keys = [
    [2, 1],
    [2, 3],
  ];
  await albumsTable.deleteRows(keys);
  console.log('Deleted individual rows in Albums.');
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
}

// Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  try {
    const [rowCount] = await transaction.runUpdate({
      sql: 'DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId >= 3 AND SingerId < 5',
    });
    console.log(`${rowCount} records deleted from Singers.`);
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  }

  // Deletes remaining rows from the Singers table and the Albums table,
  // because Albums table is defined with ON DELETE CASCADE.
  try {
    // The WHERE clause is required for DELETE statements to prevent
    // accidentally deleting all rows in a table.
    // https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/dml-syntax#where_clause
    const [rowCount] = await transaction.runUpdate({
      sql: 'DELETE FROM Singers WHERE true',
    });
    console.log(`${rowCount} records deleted from Singers.`);
    await transaction.commit();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  } finally {
    // Close the database when finished.
    await database.close();
  }
});

PHP

Elimine linhas através do ícone Database::delete() method. A página do método Database::delete() inclui um exemplo.

Python

Elimine linhas com o método Batch.delete().

Este exemplo elimina todas as linhas nas tabelas Albums e Singers individualmente através de um objeto KeySet.

def delete_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Deletes sample data from the given database.

    The database, table, and data must already exist and can be created using
    `create_database` and `insert_data`.
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    # Delete individual rows
    albums_to_delete = spanner.KeySet(keys=[[2, 1], [2, 3]])

    # Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
    singers_range = spanner.KeyRange(start_closed=[3], end_open=[5])
    singers_to_delete = spanner.KeySet(ranges=[singers_range])

    # Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining
    # Albums rows because Albums was defined with ON DELETE CASCADE
    remaining_singers = spanner.KeySet(all_=True)

    with database.batch() as batch:
        batch.delete("Albums", albums_to_delete)
        batch.delete("Singers", singers_to_delete)
        batch.delete("Singers", remaining_singers)

    print("Deleted data.")

Ruby

Elimine linhas com o método Client#delete. A página Client#delete inclui um exemplo.

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

# Delete individual rows
client.delete "Albums", [[2, 1], [2, 3]]

# Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
key_range = client.range 3, 5, exclude_end: true
client.delete "Singers", key_range

# Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining
# Albums rows because Albums was defined with ON DELETE CASCADE
client.delete "Singers"