销毁和恢复密钥版本

在 Cloud KMS 中，用于加密、解密、签署和验证数据的加密密钥材料存储在密钥版本中。一个密钥具有零个或多个密钥版本。当您轮替密钥时，会创建新的密钥版本。

本主题介绍如何安排密钥版本进行永久销毁。销毁密钥后，使用该密钥加密的数据将无法访问。

提交销毁密钥版本的请求后，除非您通过恢复密钥版本取消销毁请求，否则销毁将在 24 小时后进行。您还可以使用 Identity and Access Management (IAM) 管理对密钥的访问权限。IAM 操作会在数秒内达成一致。如需了解详情，请参阅使用 IAM。

注意：销毁密钥是一项永久性操作，丢失的数据无法恢复。

您还可以暂时停用密钥版本。

注意：密钥环、密钥和密钥版本无法删除。这可确保密钥版本的资源标识符是唯一的，并且始终指向该密钥版本的原始密钥材料。 您可以存储不限数量的密钥环、已启用或已停用的密钥，以及已启用或已停用的密钥版本。如需了解详情，请参阅[价格](/kms/pricing)和[配额](/kms/quotas)。

在本主题的其余部分中，安排销毁密钥称为销毁密钥，即使销毁不是立即进行。

销毁密钥版本

您可以销毁已启用或已停用的密钥版本。

注意：密钥材料不会立即被销毁。相反，密钥版本会保持已安排销毁状态 24 小时，之后会被自动销毁。这一安全备用方案不可替换。

如果您决定不进行销毁，可以恢复密钥版本。但是，24 小时之后此操作不可逆。使用此密钥版本加密的任何数据都无法恢复！

网页界面

1. 转到 Cloud Console 中的加密密钥页面。

   转到“加密密钥”页面

2. 点击密钥环的名称，该密钥环包含您要安排销毁其密钥版本的密钥。

3. 点击您要安排销毁其密钥版本的密钥。

4. 选中要安排销毁的密钥版本旁边的复选框。

5. 点击标头中的销毁。

6. 在确认提示中输入密钥名称，然后点击安排销毁。

命令行

要在命令行上使用 Cloud KMS，请先安装或升级到最新版本的 Cloud SDK。

gcloud kms keys versions destroy key-version \
    --key key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location

将 key-version 替换为要销毁的密钥的版本。将 key 替换为密钥的名称。将 key-ring 替换为密钥所在的密钥环的名称。将 location 替换为密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。

如需了解所有标志和可能值，请使用 --help 标志运行命令。

C#

要运行此代码，请先设置 C# 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS C# SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;

public class DestroyKeyVersionSample
{
    public CryptoKeyVersion DestroyKeyVersion(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key", string keyVersionId = "123")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the key version name.
        CryptoKeyVersionName keyVersionName = new CryptoKeyVersionName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);

        // Call the API.
        CryptoKeyVersion result = client.DestroyCryptoKeyVersion(keyVersionName);

        // Return the result.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

要运行此代码，请先设置 Go 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Go SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	kmspb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/kms/v1"
)

// destroyKeyVersion marks a specified key version for deletion. The key can be
// restored if requested within 24 hours.
func destroyKeyVersion(w io.Writer, name string) error {
	// parent := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key/cryptoKeyVersions/123"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %v", err)
	}

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.DestroyCryptoKeyVersionRequest{
		Name: name,
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.DestroyCryptoKeyVersion(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to destroy key version: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Destroyed key version: %s\n", result)
	return nil
}

Java

要运行此代码，请先设置 Java 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Java SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersion;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import java.io.IOException;

public class DestroyKeyVersion {

  public void destroyKeyVersion() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    String keyVersionId = "123";
    destroyKeyVersion(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);
  }

  // Schedule destruction of the given key version.
  public void destroyKeyVersion(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId, String keyVersionId)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyVersionName keyVersionName =
          CryptoKeyVersionName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);

      // Destroy the key version.
      CryptoKeyVersion response = client.destroyCryptoKeyVersion(keyVersionName);
      System.out.printf("Destroyed key version: %s%n", response.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

要运行此代码，请先设置 Node.js 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';
// const versionId = '123';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the key version name
const versionName = client.cryptoKeyVersionPath(
  projectId,
  locationId,
  keyRingId,
  keyId,
  versionId
);

async function destroyKeyVersion() {
  const [version] = await client.destroyCryptoKeyVersion({
    name: versionName,
  });

  console.log(`Destroyed key version: ${version.name}`);
  return version;
}

return destroyKeyVersion();

PHP

要运行此代码，请先了解如何在 Google Cloud 上使用 PHP 并安装 Cloud KMS PHP SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\KeyManagementServiceClient;

function destroy_key_version_sample(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key',
    string $versionId = '123'
) {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the key version name.
    $keyVersionName = $client->cryptoKeyVersionName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId, $versionId);

    // Call the API.
    $destroyedVersion = $client->destroyCryptoKeyVersion($keyVersionName);
    printf('Destroyed key version: %s' . PHP_EOL, $destroyedVersion->getName());
    return $destroyedVersion;
}

Python

要运行此代码，请先设置 Python 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Python SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

def destroy_key_version(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, version_id):
    """
    Schedule destruction of the given key version.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').
        version_id (string): ID of the key version to destroy (e.g. '1').

    Returns:
        CryptoKeyVersion: The version.

    """

    # Import the client library.
    from google.cloud import kms

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the key version name.
    key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, version_id)

    # Call the API.
    destroyed_version = client.destroy_crypto_key_version(request={'name': key_version_name})
    print('Destroyed key version: {}'.format(destroyed_version.name))
    return destroyed_version

Ruby

要运行此代码，请先设置 Ruby 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"
# version_id  = "123"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the key version name.
key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path project:            project_id,
                                                  location:           location_id,
                                                  key_ring:           key_ring_id,
                                                  crypto_key:         key_id,
                                                  crypto_key_version: version_id

# Call the API.
destroyed_version = client.destroy_crypto_key_version name: key_version_name
puts "Destroyed key version: #{destroyed_version.name}"

当您提交销毁请求时，密钥版本的状态将变为已安排销毁。24 小时后，密钥版本的状态会变为已销毁。

如需在密钥版本安排销毁后接收提醒，请参阅将 Cloud Monitoring 与 Cloud KMS 搭配使用。

已销毁的密钥版本不是计费资源。

恢复密钥版本

在密钥版本的状态为“已安排销毁”期间，您可以通过提交恢复请求来恢复密钥版本。

网页界面

1. 转到 Cloud Console 中的加密密钥页面。

   转到“加密密钥”页面

2. 点击您将恢复其密钥版本的密钥所在密钥环的名称。

3. 点击您要恢复其密钥版本的密钥。

4. 选中要恢复的密钥版本旁边的复选框。

5. 点击标头中的恢复。

6. 在确认提示中，点击恢复。

命令行

要在命令行上使用 Cloud KMS，请先安装或升级到最新版本的 Cloud SDK。

gcloud kms keys versions restore key-version \
    --key key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location

将 key-version 替换为要恢复的密钥的版本。将 key 替换为密钥的名称。将 key-ring 替换为密钥所在的密钥环的名称。将 location 替换为密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。

如需了解所有标志和可能值，请使用 --help 标志运行命令。

C#

要运行此代码，请先设置 C# 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS C# SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;

public class RestoreKeyVersionSample
{
    public CryptoKeyVersion RestoreKeyVersion(string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key", string keyVersionId = "123")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the key version name.
        CryptoKeyVersionName cryptoKeyVersionName = new CryptoKeyVersionName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);

        // Call the API.
        CryptoKeyVersion result = client.RestoreCryptoKeyVersion(cryptoKeyVersionName);

        // Return the result.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

要运行此代码，请先设置 Go 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Go SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	kmspb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/kms/v1"
)

// restoreKeyVersion attempts to recover a key that has been marked for
// destruction in the past 24h.
func restoreKeyVersion(w io.Writer, name string) error {
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key/cryptoKeyVersions/123"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %v", err)
	}

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.RestoreCryptoKeyVersionRequest{
		Name: name,
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.RestoreCryptoKeyVersion(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to restore key version: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Restored key version: %s\n", result)
	return nil
}

Java

要运行此代码，请先设置 Java 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Java SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersion;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RestoreKeyVersion {

  public void restoreKeyVersion() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    String keyVersionId = "123";
    restoreKeyVersion(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);
  }

  // Schedule destruction of the given key version.
  public void restoreKeyVersion(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId, String keyVersionId)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyVersionName keyVersionName =
          CryptoKeyVersionName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);

      // Restore the key version.
      CryptoKeyVersion response = client.restoreCryptoKeyVersion(keyVersionName);
      System.out.printf("Restored key version: %s%n", response.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

要运行此代码，请先设置 Node.js 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';
// const versionId = '123';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the key version name
const versionName = client.cryptoKeyVersionPath(
  projectId,
  locationId,
  keyRingId,
  keyId,
  versionId
);

async function restoreKeyVersion() {
  const [version] = await client.restoreCryptoKeyVersion({
    name: versionName,
  });

  console.log(`Restored key version: ${version.name}`);
  return version;
}

return restoreKeyVersion();

PHP

要运行此代码，请先了解如何在 Google Cloud 上使用 PHP 并安装 Cloud KMS PHP SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\KeyManagementServiceClient;

function restore_key_version_sample(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key',
    string $versionId = '123'
) {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the key version name.
    $keyVersionName = $client->cryptoKeyVersionName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId, $versionId);

    // Call the API.
    $restoredVersion = $client->restoreCryptoKeyVersion($keyVersionName);
    printf('Restored key version: %s' . PHP_EOL, $restoredVersion->getName());
    return $restoredVersion;
}

Python

要运行此代码，请先设置 Python 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Python SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

def restore_key_version(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, version_id):
    """
    Restore a key version scheduled for destruction.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').
        version_id (string): ID of the version to use (e.g. '1').

    Returns:
        CryptoKeyVersion: Restored Cloud KMS key version.

    """

    # Import the client library.
    from google.cloud import kms

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the key version name.
    key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, version_id)

    # Call the API.
    restored_version = client.restore_crypto_key_version(request={'name': key_version_name})
    print('Restored key version: {}'.format(restored_version.name))
    return restored_version

Ruby

要运行此代码，请先设置 Ruby 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"
# version_id  = "123"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the key version name.
key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path project:            project_id,
                                                  location:           location_id,
                                                  key_ring:           key_ring_id,
                                                  crypto_key:         key_id,
                                                  crypto_key_version: version_id

# Call the API.
restored_version = client.restore_crypto_key_version name: key_version_name
puts "Restored key version: #{restored_version.name}"

恢复请求完成后，密钥版本的状态将变为“已停用”。您必须先启用密钥，然后才能使用它。

必需的 IAM 权限

如需销毁密钥版本，调用者需要拥有密钥、密钥环或项目、文件夹或组织的 cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.destroy IAM 权限。

要恢复密钥版本，调用者需要 cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.restore 权限。

这两种权限都授予了 Cloud KMS Admin 角色 (roles/cloudkms.admin)。