Varnish

本文档介绍如何配置 Google Kubernetes Engine 部署,以便使用 Google Cloud Managed Service for Prometheus 从 Varnish 收集指标。本页面介绍如何完成以下任务:

  • 为 Varnish 设置导出器以报告指标。
  • 为 Managed Service for Prometheus 配置 PodMonitoring 资源以收集导出的指标。
  • 在 Cloud Monitoring 中访问信息中心以查看指标。
  • 配置提醒规则以监控指标。

以下说明仅在您将代管式收集功能与 Managed Service for Prometheus 搭配使用时适用。 如果您使用的是自行部署的收集功能,请参阅 Varnish 导出器的源代码库以了解安装信息。

这些说明仅作为示例提供,应该适用于大多数 Kubernetes 环境。如果由于安全或组织政策的限制,您在安装应用或导出器时遇到问题,我们建议您查看开源文档以获取支持。

如需了解 Varnish,请参阅 Varnish

前提条件

如需使用 Managed Service for Prometheus 和代管式收集功能从 Varnish 收集指标,您的部署必须满足以下要求:

  • 您的集群必须运行 Google Kubernetes Engine 1.21.4-gke.300 或更高版本。
  • 您必须运行 Managed Service for Prometheus,并启用代管式收集功能。如需了解详情,请参阅代管式收集功能使用入门

  • 如需使用 Cloud Monitoring 中提供的信息中心进行 Varnish 集成,您必须使用 prometheus_varnish_exporter 1.6.1 版或更高版本。

    如需详细了解可用的信息中心,请参阅查看信息中心

Varnish 导出器会抓取 varnishstat 命令的输出。它需要进程命名空间共享以及对 Varnish 容器的 /var/lib/varnish 目录的访问权限。

Varnish 导出器未作为容器映像发布;您必须自行构建。以下示例演示了如何构建包含导出器和 varnishstat 命令的导出器容器映像。

# Copyright 2024 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

FROM debian:stable-slim as stage
WORKDIR /exporter
ADD https://github.com/jonnenauha/prometheus_varnish_exporter/releases/download/1.6.1/prometheus_varnish_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz /exporter/exporter.tar.gz
RUN tar -xvf exporter.tar.gz
RUN chmod +x /exporter/prometheus_varnish_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64/prometheus_varnish_exporter
FROM varnish:7.2.0
COPY --from=stage /exporter/prometheus_varnish_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64/prometheus_varnish_exporter /prometheus_varnish_exporter
ENTRYPOINT [ "/prometheus_varnish_exporter" ]

安装 Varnish 导出器

我们建议您将 Varnish 导出器 prometheus_varnish_exporter 作为边车工作负载安装至边车。如需了解如何使用 Sidecar,请参阅具有多容器 pod 的 Kubernetes 上的扩展应用

如需将 prometheus_varnish_exporter 作为边车安装到 Varnish,请修改 Varnish 配置,如以下示例所示:

# Copyright 2023 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: varnish
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
+     app.kubernetes.io/name: varnish
  template:
    metadata:
      name: varnish
      labels:
+       app.kubernetes.io/name: varnish
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: varnish
        image: varnish:7.2.0
+       volumeMounts:
+         - name: shared-data
+           mountPath: /var/lib/varnish
+       env:
+       - name: VARNISH_HTTP_PORT
+         value: "8080"
+     - name: exporter
+       image: <custom-docker-image>
+       volumeMounts:
+         - name: shared-data
+           mountPath: /var/lib/varnish
+           readOnly: true
+       ports:
+       - containerPort: 9131
+         name: prometheus
+     volumes:
+       - name: shared-data
+         emptyDir: {}
+     shareProcessNamespace: true

您必须将开头为 + 符号的所有行添加到您的配置中。

如需从本地文件应用配置更改,请运行以下命令:

kubectl apply -n NAMESPACE_NAME -f FILE_NAME

您还可以使用 Terraform 管理您的配置。

定义 PodMonitoring 资源

对于目标发现,Managed Service for Prometheus Operator 需要与同一命名空间中的 Varnish 导出器对应的 PodMonitoring 资源。

您可以使用以下 PodMonitoring 配置:

# Copyright 2023 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: PodMonitoring
metadata:
  name: varnish
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: varnish
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
  endpoints:
  - port: prometheus
    scheme: http
    interval: 30s
    path: /metrics
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: varnish

确保标签选择器和端口与安装 Varnish 导出器中使用的选择器和端口匹配。

如需从本地文件应用配置更改,请运行以下命令:

kubectl apply -n NAMESPACE_NAME -f FILE_NAME

您还可以使用 Terraform 管理您的配置。

定义规则和提醒

您可以使用以下 Rules 配置来定义 Varnish 指标提醒:

# Copyright 2023 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: Rules
metadata:
  name: varnish-rules
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: rules
    app.kubernetes.io/name: varnish-rules
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
  groups:
  - name: varnish
    interval: 30s
    rules:
    - alert: VarnishBackendConnectionFailure
      annotations:
        description: |-
          Varnish backend connection failure
            VALUE = {{ $value }}
            LABELS: {{ $labels }}
        summary: Varnish backend connection failure (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: varnish_backend_fail > 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: critical
    - alert: VarnishHighCacheEvictions
      annotations:
        description: |-
          Varnish high cache evictions
            VALUE = {{ $value }}
            LABELS: {{ $labels }}
        summary: Varnish high cache evictions (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: rate(varnish_main_n_obj_purged[5m]) >= 10
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
    - alert: VarnishHighServerLimit
      annotations:
        description: |-
          Varnish high server limit
            VALUE = {{ $value }}
            LABELS: {{ $labels }}
        summary: Varnish high server limit (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: varnish_main_threads_failed > 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: critical
    - alert: VarnishSessionsDropped
      annotations:
        description: |-
          Varnish sessions dropped
            VALUE = {{ $value }}
            LABELS: {{ $labels }}
        summary: Varnish sessions dropped (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: varnish_main_sessions{type="dropped"} > 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: critical

如需从本地文件应用配置更改,请运行以下命令:

kubectl apply -n NAMESPACE_NAME -f FILE_NAME

您还可以使用 Terraform 管理您的配置。

如需详细了解如何将规则应用于您的集群,请参阅代管式规则评估和提醒

您可以根据您的应用调整提醒阈值。

验证配置

您可以使用 Metrics Explorer 验证您是否正确配置了 Varnish 导出器。Cloud Monitoring 可能需要一两分钟时间来注入您的指标。

要验证指标是否已注入,请执行以下操作:

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台的导航面板中,选择 Monitoring,然后选择  Metrics Explorer

    进入 Metrics Explorer

  2. 在查询构建器窗格的工具栏中,选择名为  MQL PromQL 的按钮。
  3. 验证已在语言切换开关中选择 PromQL。语言切换开关位于同一工具栏中,用于设置查询的格式。
  4. 输入并运行以下查询:
    up{job="varnish", cluster="CLUSTER_NAME", namespace="NAMESPACE_NAME"}

查看信息中心

Cloud Monitoring 集成包括 Varnish Prometheus 概览信息中心。当您配置集成时,系统会自动安装信息中心。您还可以在不安装集成的情况下查看信息中心的静态预览。

如需查看已安装的信息中心,请执行以下操作:

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台的导航面板中,选择 Monitoring,然后选择  信息中心

    前往信息中心

  2. 选择信息中心列表标签页。
  3. 选择集成类别。
  4. 点击信息中心的名称,例如 Varnish Prometheus 概览

如需查看信息中心的静态预览,请执行以下操作:

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台的导航面板中,选择 Monitoring,然后选择  集成

    前往集成

  2. 点击 Kubernetes Engine 部署平台过滤条件。
  3. 找到 Varnish 集成,然后点击查看详情
  4. 选择信息中心标签页。

问题排查

如需了解如何排查指标注入问题,请参阅排查注入端问题中的从导出器收集的问题