检索时间序列数据

本文档介绍了如何使用 Monitoring API 中的 timeSeries.list 方法读取指标数据（也称为时间序列数据）。 您可以通过多种方式调用 timeSeries.list 方法：

  • 您可以通过此页面上的协议标签页来使用基于表单的 API Explorer。
  • 您可以使用特定语言的客户端库。
  • 您可以使用 Metrics Explorer。

读取指标数据的另一种方法是向 timeSeries.query 方法发送一个命令，该方法需要使用 Monitoring Query Language (MQL)。本文档不介绍 MQL 或 timeSeries.query 方法。如需了解这些主题，请参阅使用 timeSeries.query 检索数据。

概览

每次调用 timeSeries.list 方法都会从单一指标类型返回任意数量的时序。例如，如果您使用的是 Compute Engine，则 compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/usage_time 指标类型会为每个虚拟机实例提供单独的时序。如需了解指标和时序，请参阅指标、时序和资源。

您可以通过向 timeSeries.list 方法提供以下信息来指定所需的时间序列数据：

  • 指定指标类型的过滤条件表达式。或者，过滤器通过指定生成时序的资源或指定时序中特定标签的值，选择指标的部分时序。
  • 限制返回多少数据的时间间隔。
  • （可选）关于如何合并多个时序以生成数据聚合摘要的规范。如需了解详情和示例，请参阅汇总数据。

时间序列过滤条件

通过将时序过滤条件传递给 timeSeries.list 方法，可指定要检索的时序。下面列出了常见的过滤条件组成部分：

  • 过滤条件必须指定单个指标类型。例如：

    metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/usage_time"

    如需检索用户定义的指标，请将过滤条件中的 metric.type 前缀更改为 custom.googleapis.com 或其他前缀（如使用）；经常使用 external.googleapis.com。

  • 过滤条件可为指标的维度标签指定值。指标类型决定了存在哪些标签。例如：

    (metric.label.instance_name = "your-instance-id" OR
metric.label.instance_name = "your-other-instance-id")

    在上面的表达式中，即使实际指标对象使用 labels 作为其键，label 也是正确的。

  • 过滤条件只能选择那些包含特定受监控资源类型的时序：

    resource.type = "gce_instance"

过滤条件组成成分可合并到单个时序过滤条件中，如下所示：

metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/usage_time" AND
(metric.label.instance_name = "your-instance-id" OR
metric.label.instance_name = "your-other-instance-id")

如果您没有为所有指标标签都指定值，则 list 方法会为未指定标签中的每个值组合返回一个时序。该方法仅返回包含数据的时序。

时间间隔

使用 API 读取数据时，请通过设置开始时间和结束时间来指定要检索数据的时间间隔。API 根据间隔 (start, end]（即从开始时间到结束时间）检索数据。

开始时间不得晚于结束时间。如果您指定的开始时间晚于结束时间，则 API 会返回错误。

如果您只想检索具有特定时间戳的数据，请将开始时间设置为与结束时间相同，或者不设置开始时间。

时间格式

开始时间和结束时间必须指定为 RFC 3339 格式的字符串。 例如：

2024-03-01T12:34:56+04:00
2024-03-01T12:34:56.992Z

Linux 上的 date -Iseconds 命令对生成时间戳很有用。

基本列表操作

timeSeries.list 方法可用于返回简单的原始数据，也可用于返回经过高度处理的数据。本部分介绍了如何列出可用的时序，以及如何获取特定时序中的值。

示例：列出可用的时序

此示例显示如何仅列出与过滤条件匹配的时间序列的名称和说明，而不是返回所有可用数据：

协议

  1. 打开 timeSeries.list 参考页面。

  2. 在标有 Try this method（尝试此方法）的窗格中，输入以下内容：

    • name：输入项目的路径。

      projects/PROJECT_ID
    • filter：指定指标类型。

      metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"
    • interval.endTime：输入结束时间。
    • interval.startTime：输入开始时间，并确保该时间比结束时间早 20 分钟。

    • 点击显示标准参数，然后在字段中输入以下内容：

      timeSeries.metric

  3. 点击执行。

该示例输出显示了两个不同虚拟机实例的时序：

{
  "timeSeries": [
    {
      "metric": {
        "labels": {
          "instance_name": "your-first-instance"
        },
        "type": "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"
      },
    },
    {
      "metric": {
        "labels": {
          "instance_name": "your-second-instance"
        },
        "type": "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"
      },
    }
  ]
}

如需以 curl 命令、HTTP 请求或 JavaScript 的形式查看请求，请点击 API Explorer 中的 全屏。

C#

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

public static object ReadTimeSeriesFields(string projectId,
    string metricType = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization")
{
    Console.WriteLine($"metricType{ metricType}");
    // Create client.
    MetricServiceClient metricServiceClient = MetricServiceClient.Create();
    // Initialize request argument(s).
    string filter = $"metric.type=\"{metricType}\"";
    ListTimeSeriesRequest request = new ListTimeSeriesRequest
    {
        ProjectName = new ProjectName(projectId),
        Filter = filter,
        Interval = new TimeInterval(),
        View = ListTimeSeriesRequest.Types.TimeSeriesView.Headers,
    };
    // Create timestamp for current time formatted in seconds.
    long timeStamp = (long)(DateTime.UtcNow - s_unixEpoch).TotalSeconds;
    Timestamp startTimeStamp = new Timestamp();
    // Set startTime to limit results to the last 20 minutes.
    startTimeStamp.Seconds = timeStamp - (60 * 20);
    Timestamp endTimeStamp = new Timestamp();
    // Set endTime to current time.
    endTimeStamp.Seconds = timeStamp;
    TimeInterval interval = new TimeInterval();
    interval.StartTime = startTimeStamp;
    interval.EndTime = endTimeStamp;
    request.Interval = interval;
    // Make the request.
    PagedEnumerable<ListTimeSeriesResponse, TimeSeries> response =
        metricServiceClient.ListTimeSeries(request);
    // Iterate over all response items, lazily performing RPCs as required.
    Console.Write("Found data points for the following instances:");
    foreach (var item in response)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(JObject.Parse($"{item}").ToString());
    }
    return 0;
}

Go

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	monitoring "cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3"
	"cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3/v2/monitoringpb"
	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/timestamp"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

// readTimeSeriesFields reads the last 20 minutes of the given metric, aligns
// everything on 10 minute intervals, and combines values from different
// instances.
func readTimeSeriesFields(w io.Writer, projectID string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := monitoring.NewMetricClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewMetricClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()
	startTime := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Minute * -20)
	endTime := time.Now().UTC()
	req := &monitoringpb.ListTimeSeriesRequest{
		Name:   "projects/" + projectID,
		Filter: `metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"`,
		Interval: &monitoringpb.TimeInterval{
			StartTime: &timestamp.Timestamp{
				Seconds: startTime.Unix(),
			},
			EndTime: &timestamp.Timestamp{
				Seconds: endTime.Unix(),
			},
		},
		View: monitoringpb.ListTimeSeriesRequest_HEADERS,
	}
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Found data points for the following instances:")
	it := client.ListTimeSeries(ctx, req)
	for {
		resp, err := it.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not read time series value: %w", err)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t%v\n", resp.GetMetric().GetLabels()["instance_name"])
	}
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Done")
	return nil
}

Java

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

String projectId = System.getProperty("projectId");
ProjectName name = ProjectName.of(projectId);

// Restrict time to last 20 minutes
long startMillis = System.currentTimeMillis() - ((60 * 20) * 1000);
TimeInterval interval =
    TimeInterval.newBuilder()
        .setStartTime(Timestamps.fromMillis(startMillis))
        .setEndTime(Timestamps.fromMillis(System.currentTimeMillis()))
        .build();

ListTimeSeriesRequest.Builder requestBuilder =
    ListTimeSeriesRequest.newBuilder()
        .setName(name.toString())
        .setFilter("metric.type=\"compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization\"")
        .setInterval(interval)
        .setView(ListTimeSeriesRequest.TimeSeriesView.HEADERS);

ListTimeSeriesRequest request = requestBuilder.build();

try (final MetricServiceClient client = MetricServiceClient.create();) {
  ListTimeSeriesPagedResponse response = client.listTimeSeries(request);
  System.out.println("Got timeseries headers: ");
  for (TimeSeries ts : response.iterateAll()) {
    System.out.println(ts);
  }
}

Node.js

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const monitoring = require('@google-cloud/monitoring');

// Creates a client
const client = new monitoring.MetricServiceClient();

async function readTimeSeriesFields() {
  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment and edit the following lines of code.
   */
  // const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';

  const request = {
    name: client.projectPath(projectId),
    filter: 'metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"',
    interval: {
      startTime: {
        // Limit results to the last 20 minutes
        seconds: Date.now() / 1000 - 60 * 20,
      },
      endTime: {
        seconds: Date.now() / 1000,
      },
    },
    // Don't return time series data, instead just return information about
    // the metrics that match the filter
    view: 'HEADERS',
  };

  // Writes time series data
  const [timeSeries] = await client.listTimeSeries(request);
  console.log('Found data points for the following instances:');
  timeSeries.forEach(data => {
    console.log(data.metric.labels.instance_name);
  });
}
readTimeSeriesFields();

PHP

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Client\MetricServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\ListTimeSeriesRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\ListTimeSeriesRequest\TimeSeriesView;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\TimeInterval;
use Google\Protobuf\Timestamp;

/**
 * Example:
 * ```
 * read_timeseries_fields($projectId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId Your project ID
 */
function read_timeseries_fields(string $projectId, int $minutesAgo = 20): void
{
    $metrics = new MetricServiceClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $projectName = 'projects/' . $projectId;
    $filter = 'metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"';

    $startTime = new Timestamp();
    $startTime->setSeconds(time() - (60 * $minutesAgo));
    $endTime = new Timestamp();
    $endTime->setSeconds(time());

    $interval = new TimeInterval();
    $interval->setStartTime($startTime);
    $interval->setEndTime($endTime);

    $view = TimeSeriesView::HEADERS;
    $listTimeSeriesRequest = (new ListTimeSeriesRequest())
        ->setName($projectName)
        ->setFilter($filter)
        ->setInterval($interval)
        ->setView($view);

    $result = $metrics->listTimeSeries($listTimeSeriesRequest);

    printf('Found data points for the following instances:' . PHP_EOL);
    foreach ($result->iterateAllElements() as $timeSeries) {
        printf($timeSeries->getMetric()->getLabels()['instance_name'] . PHP_EOL);
    }
}

Python

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

from google.cloud import monitoring_v3

client = monitoring_v3.MetricServiceClient()
project_name = f"projects/{project_id}"
now = time.time()
seconds = int(now)
nanos = int((now - seconds) * 10**9)
interval = monitoring_v3.TimeInterval(
    {
        "end_time": {"seconds": seconds, "nanos": nanos},
        "start_time": {"seconds": (seconds - 1200), "nanos": nanos},
    }
)
results = client.list_time_series(
    request={
        "name": project_name,
        "filter": 'metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"',
        "interval": interval,
        "view": monitoring_v3.ListTimeSeriesRequest.TimeSeriesView.HEADERS,
    }
)
for result in results:
    print(result)

Ruby

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

# Your Google Cloud Platform project ID
# project_id = "YOUR_PROJECT_ID"

client = Google::Cloud::Monitoring.metric_service
project_name = client.project_path project: project_id

interval = Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::TimeInterval.new
now = Time.now
interval.end_time = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new seconds: now.to_i,
                                                    nanos:   now.nsec
interval.start_time = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new seconds: now.to_i - 1200,
                                                      nanos:   now.nsec
filter = 'metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"'
view = Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::ListTimeSeriesRequest::TimeSeriesView::HEADERS

results = client.list_time_series name:     project_name,
                                  filter:   filter,
                                  interval: interval,
                                  view:     view
results.each do |result|
  p result
end

如果遇到困难，请参阅排查 Monitoring API 问题。

示例：获取时序数据

此示例返回以 20 分钟间隔为特定 Compute Engine 实例记录的 CPU 利用率测量结果。返回的数据量取决于指标的采样率。由于 CPU 利用率每分钟采样一次，因此此查询的结果约为 20 个数据点。当针对一个时序返回多个数据点时，API 会以反向时间顺序返回每个时序中的数据点；此点排序没有替换项。

协议

协议示例进一步限制了输出，使返回的数据在响应框中更易于管理：

  • filter 值将时序限制为单个虚拟机实例。
  • fields 值仅指定测量结果的时间和值。

这些设置将限制结果中返回的时序数据量。

  1. 打开 timeSeries.list 参考页面。

  2. 在标有 Try this method（尝试此方法）的窗格中，输入以下内容：

    • name：输入项目的路径。

      projects/PROJECT_ID

    • filter：指定指标类型。

      metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization" AND metric.label.instance_name = "INSTANCE_NAME"

    • interval.endTime：输入结束时间。

    • interval.startTime：输入开始时间，并确保该时间比结束时间早 20 分钟。

    • 点击显示标准参数，然后在字段中输入以下内容：

      timeSeries.points.interval.endTime,timeSeries.points.value

  3. 点击执行。

请求将返回如下结果：

{
 "timeSeries": [
  {
   "points": [
    {
     "interval": {
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:19:01Z"
     },
     "value": {
      "doubleValue": 0.06763074536575005
     }
    },
    {
     "interval": {
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:18:01Z"
     },
     "value": {
      "doubleValue": 0.06886174467702706
     }
    },
    ...
    {
     "interval": {
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:17:01Z"
     },
     "value": {
      "doubleValue": 0.06929610064253211
     }
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}

如需以 curl 命令、HTTP 请求或 JavaScript 的形式查看请求，请点击 API Explorer 中的 全屏。

C#

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

public static object ReadTimeSeriesData(string projectId,
    string metricType = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization")
{
    // Create client.
    MetricServiceClient metricServiceClient = MetricServiceClient.Create();
    // Initialize request argument(s).
    string filter = $"metric.type=\"{metricType}\"";
    ListTimeSeriesRequest request = new ListTimeSeriesRequest
    {
        ProjectName = new ProjectName(projectId),
        Filter = filter,
        Interval = new TimeInterval(),
        View = ListTimeSeriesRequest.Types.TimeSeriesView.Full,
    };
    // Create timestamp for current time formatted in seconds.
    long timeStamp = (long)(DateTime.UtcNow - s_unixEpoch).TotalSeconds;
    Timestamp startTimeStamp = new Timestamp();
    // Set startTime to limit results to the last 20 minutes.
    startTimeStamp.Seconds = timeStamp - (60 * 20);
    Timestamp endTimeStamp = new Timestamp();
    // Set endTime to current time.
    endTimeStamp.Seconds = timeStamp;
    TimeInterval interval = new TimeInterval();
    interval.StartTime = startTimeStamp;
    interval.EndTime = endTimeStamp;
    request.Interval = interval;
    // Make the request.
    PagedEnumerable<ListTimeSeriesResponse, TimeSeries> response =
        metricServiceClient.ListTimeSeries(request);
    // Iterate over all response items, lazily performing RPCs as required.
    foreach (TimeSeries item in response)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(JObject.Parse($"{item}").ToString());
    }
    return 0;
}

Go

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 


// readTimeSeriesValue reads the TimeSeries for the value specified by metric type in a time window from the last 20 minutes.
func readTimeSeriesValue(projectID, metricType string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	c, err := monitoring.NewMetricClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer c.Close()
	startTime := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Minute * -20).Unix()
	endTime := time.Now().UTC().Unix()

	req := &monitoringpb.ListTimeSeriesRequest{
		Name:   "projects/" + projectID,
		Filter: fmt.Sprintf("metric.type=\"%s\"", metricType),
		Interval: &monitoringpb.TimeInterval{
			StartTime: &timestamp.Timestamp{Seconds: startTime},
			EndTime:   &timestamp.Timestamp{Seconds: endTime},
		},
	}
	iter := c.ListTimeSeries(ctx, req)

	for {
		resp, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not read time series value, %w ", err)
		}
		log.Printf("%+v\n", resp)
	}

	return nil
}

Java

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

String projectId = System.getProperty("projectId");
ProjectName name = ProjectName.of(projectId);

// Restrict time to last 20 minutes
long startMillis = System.currentTimeMillis() - ((60 * 20) * 1000);
TimeInterval interval =
    TimeInterval.newBuilder()
        .setStartTime(Timestamps.fromMillis(startMillis))
        .setEndTime(Timestamps.fromMillis(System.currentTimeMillis()))
        .build();

ListTimeSeriesRequest.Builder requestBuilder =
    ListTimeSeriesRequest.newBuilder()
        .setName(name.toString())
        .setFilter(filter)
        .setInterval(interval);

ListTimeSeriesRequest request = requestBuilder.build();

try (final MetricServiceClient client = MetricServiceClient.create();) {
  ListTimeSeriesPagedResponse response = client.listTimeSeries(request);

  System.out.println("Got timeseries: ");
  for (TimeSeries ts : response.iterateAll()) {
    System.out.println(ts);
  }
}

Node.js

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const monitoring = require('@google-cloud/monitoring');

// Creates a client
const client = new monitoring.MetricServiceClient();

async function readTimeSeriesData() {
  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment and edit the following lines of code.
   */
  // const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
  // const filter = 'metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"';

  const request = {
    name: client.projectPath(projectId),
    filter: filter,
    interval: {
      startTime: {
        // Limit results to the last 20 minutes
        seconds: Date.now() / 1000 - 60 * 20,
      },
      endTime: {
        seconds: Date.now() / 1000,
      },
    },
  };

  // Writes time series data
  const [timeSeries] = await client.listTimeSeries(request);
  timeSeries.forEach(data => {
    console.log(`${data.metric.labels.instance_name}:`);
    data.points.forEach(point => {
      console.log(JSON.stringify(point.value));
    });
  });
}
readTimeSeriesData();

PHP

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Client\MetricServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\ListTimeSeriesRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\ListTimeSeriesRequest\TimeSeriesView;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\TimeInterval;
use Google\Protobuf\Timestamp;

/**
 * Example:
 * ```
 * read_timeseries_simple($projectId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId Your project ID
 */
function read_timeseries_simple(string $projectId, int $minutesAgo = 20): void
{
    $metrics = new MetricServiceClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $projectName = 'projects/' . $projectId;
    $filter = 'metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"';

    // Limit results to the last 20 minutes
    $startTime = new Timestamp();
    $startTime->setSeconds(time() - (60 * $minutesAgo));
    $endTime = new Timestamp();
    $endTime->setSeconds(time());

    $interval = new TimeInterval();
    $interval->setStartTime($startTime);
    $interval->setEndTime($endTime);

    $view = TimeSeriesView::FULL;
    $listTimeSeriesRequest = (new ListTimeSeriesRequest())
        ->setName($projectName)
        ->setFilter($filter)
        ->setInterval($interval)
        ->setView($view);

    $result = $metrics->listTimeSeries($listTimeSeriesRequest);

    printf('CPU utilization:' . PHP_EOL);
    foreach ($result->iterateAllElements() as $timeSeries) {
        $instanceName = $timeSeries->getMetric()->getLabels()['instance_name'];
        printf($instanceName . ':' . PHP_EOL);
        foreach ($timeSeries->getPoints() as $point) {
            printf('  ' . $point->getValue()->getDoubleValue() . PHP_EOL);
        }
    }
}

Python

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

from google.cloud import monitoring_v3

client = monitoring_v3.MetricServiceClient()
project_name = f"projects/{project_id}"

now = time.time()
seconds = int(now)
nanos = int((now - seconds) * 10**9)
interval = monitoring_v3.TimeInterval(
    {
        "end_time": {"seconds": seconds, "nanos": nanos},
        "start_time": {"seconds": (seconds - 1200), "nanos": nanos},
    }
)

results = client.list_time_series(
    request={
        "name": project_name,
        "filter": 'metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"',
        "interval": interval,
        "view": monitoring_v3.ListTimeSeriesRequest.TimeSeriesView.FULL,
    }
)
for result in results:
    print(result)

Ruby

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

# Your Google Cloud Platform project ID
# project_id = "YOUR_PROJECT_ID"

client = Google::Cloud::Monitoring.metric_service
project_name = client.project_path project: project_id

interval = Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::TimeInterval.new
now = Time.now
interval.end_time = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new seconds: now.to_i,
                                                    nanos:   now.nsec
interval.start_time = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new seconds: now.to_i - 1200,
                                                      nanos:   now.nsec
filter = 'metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"'
view = Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::ListTimeSeriesRequest::TimeSeriesView::FULL

results = client.list_time_series name:     project_name,
                                  filter:   filter,
                                  interval: interval,
                                  view:     view
results.each do |result|
  p result
end

如果遇到困难，请参阅排查 Monitoring API 问题。

聚合数据

timeSeries.list 方法可对返回的时间序列数据执行统计聚合和缩减。以下部分展示了两个示例。 如需了解详情，请参阅过滤和聚合：操控时序。

示例：校准时序

此示例将各个时间序列中的 20 个独立的利用率测量结果缩减为 2 个测量结果：20 分钟间隔中两个 10 分钟时间段的平均利用率。来自各个时序的数据首先校准到 10 分钟时间段，然后对每个 10 分钟时间段中的值进行均值计算。

校准操作有两个优势：它可以使数据变得平滑，并且它会精确地在 10 分钟的边界上校准来自所有时间序列数据的数据。校准后的数据可以得到进一步处理。

协议

  1. 打开 timeSeries.list 参考页面。

  2. 在标有 Try this method（尝试此方法）的窗格中，输入以下内容：

    • name：输入项目的路径。

      projects/PROJECT_ID
    • aggregation.alignmentPeriod：输入 600s
    • aggregation.perSeriesAligner：选择 ALIGN_MEAN
    • filter：指定指标类型。

      metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"
    • interval.endTime：输入结束时间。
    • interval.startTime：输入开始时间，并确保该时间比结束时间早 20 分钟。
    • 点击显示标准参数，然后在字段中输入以下内容：

      timeSeries.metric,timeSeries.points

  3. 点击执行。

上一个示例中显示的针对单个实例的过滤条件将被删除：此查询返回的数据少得多，因此不需要将其限制为一个虚拟机实例。

以下示例结果为三个虚拟机实例中的每一个提供一个时序。每个时序具有两个数据点，即 10 分钟校准时间段的平均利用率：

{
 "timeSeries": [
  {
   "metric": {
    "labels": {"instance_name": "your-first-instance"},
    "type": "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"
   },
   "points": [
    {
     "interval": {
      "startTime": "2024-03-01T00:20:00.000Z",
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:20:00.000Z"
     },
     "value": { "doubleValue": 0.06688481346044381 }
    },
    {
     "interval": {
      "startTime": "2024-03-01T00:10:00.000Z",
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:10:00.000Z"
     },
     "value": {"doubleValue": 0.06786652821310177 }
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "metric": {
    "labels": { "instance_name": "your-second-instance" },
    "type": "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"
   },
   "points": [
    {
     "interval": {
      "startTime": "2024-03-01T00:20:00.000Z",
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:20:00.000Z"
     },
     "value": { "doubleValue": 0.04144239874207415 }
    },
    {
     "interval": {
      "startTime": "2024-03-01T00:10:00.000Z",
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:10:00.000Z"
     },
     "value": { "doubleValue": 0.04045793689050091 }
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "metric": {
    "labels": { "instance_name": "your-third-instance" },
    "type": "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"
   },
   "points": [
    {
     "interval": {
      "startTime": "2024-03-01T00:20:00.000Z",
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:20:00.000Z"
     },
     "value": { "doubleValue": 0.029650046587339607 }
    },
    {
     "interval": {
      "startTime": "2024-03-01T00:10:00.000Z",
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:10:00.000Z"
     },
     "value": { "doubleValue": 0.03053874224715402 }
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}

如需以 curl 命令、HTTP 请求或 JavaScript 的形式查看请求，请点击 API Explorer 中的 全屏。

C#

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

public static object ReadTimeSeriesAggregate(string projectId,
    string metricType = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization")
{
    // Create client.
    MetricServiceClient metricServiceClient = MetricServiceClient.Create();
    // Initialize request argument(s).
    string filter = $"metric.type=\"{metricType}\"";
    ListTimeSeriesRequest request = new ListTimeSeriesRequest
    {
        ProjectName = new ProjectName(projectId),
        Filter = filter,
        Interval = new TimeInterval(),
    };
    // Create timestamp for current time formatted in seconds.
    long timeStamp = (long)(DateTime.UtcNow - s_unixEpoch).TotalSeconds;
    Timestamp startTimeStamp = new Timestamp();
    // Set startTime to limit results to the last 20 minutes.
    startTimeStamp.Seconds = timeStamp - (60 * 20);
    Timestamp endTimeStamp = new Timestamp();
    // Set endTime to current time.
    endTimeStamp.Seconds = timeStamp;
    TimeInterval interval = new TimeInterval();
    interval.StartTime = startTimeStamp;
    interval.EndTime = endTimeStamp;
    request.Interval = interval;
    // Aggregate results per matching instance
    Aggregation aggregation = new Aggregation();
    Duration alignmentPeriod = new Duration();
    alignmentPeriod.Seconds = 600;
    aggregation.AlignmentPeriod = alignmentPeriod;
    aggregation.PerSeriesAligner = Aggregation.Types.Aligner.AlignMean;
    // Add the aggregation to the request.
    request.Aggregation = aggregation;
    // Make the request.
    PagedEnumerable<ListTimeSeriesResponse, TimeSeries> response =
        metricServiceClient.ListTimeSeries(request);
    // Iterate over all response items, lazily performing RPCs as required.
    Console.WriteLine($"{projectId} CPU utilization:");
    foreach (var item in response)
    {
        var points = item.Points;
        var labels = item.Metric.Labels;
        Console.WriteLine($"{labels.Values.FirstOrDefault()}");
        if (points.Count > 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"  Now: {points[0].Value.DoubleValue}");
        }
        if (points.Count > 1)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"  10 min ago: {points[1].Value.DoubleValue}");
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

Go

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	monitoring "cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3"
	"cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3/v2/monitoringpb"
	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/duration"
	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/timestamp"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

// readTimeSeriesAlign reads the last 20 minutes of the given metric and aligns
// everything on 10 minute intervals.
func readTimeSeriesAlign(w io.Writer, projectID string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := monitoring.NewMetricClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewMetricClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()
	startTime := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Minute * -20)
	endTime := time.Now().UTC()
	req := &monitoringpb.ListTimeSeriesRequest{
		Name:   "projects/" + projectID,
		Filter: `metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"`,
		Interval: &monitoringpb.TimeInterval{
			StartTime: &timestamp.Timestamp{
				Seconds: startTime.Unix(),
			},
			EndTime: &timestamp.Timestamp{
				Seconds: endTime.Unix(),
			},
		},
		Aggregation: &monitoringpb.Aggregation{
			PerSeriesAligner: monitoringpb.Aggregation_ALIGN_MEAN,
			AlignmentPeriod: &duration.Duration{
				Seconds: 600,
			},
		},
	}
	it := client.ListTimeSeries(ctx, req)
	for {
		resp, err := it.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not read time series value: %w", err)
		}
		fmt.Fprintln(w, resp.GetMetric().GetLabels()["instance_name"])
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\tNow: %.4f\n", resp.GetPoints()[0].GetValue().GetDoubleValue())
		if len(resp.GetPoints()) > 1 {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t10 minutes ago: %.4f\n", resp.GetPoints()[1].GetValue().GetDoubleValue())
		}
	}
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Done")
	return nil
}

Java

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

String projectId = System.getProperty("projectId");
ProjectName name = ProjectName.of(projectId);

// Restrict time to last 20 minutes
long startMillis = System.currentTimeMillis() - ((60 * 20) * 1000);
TimeInterval interval =
    TimeInterval.newBuilder()
        .setStartTime(Timestamps.fromMillis(startMillis))
        .setEndTime(Timestamps.fromMillis(System.currentTimeMillis()))
        .build();

Aggregation aggregation =
    Aggregation.newBuilder()
        .setAlignmentPeriod(Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(600).build())
        .setPerSeriesAligner(Aggregation.Aligner.ALIGN_MEAN)
        .build();

ListTimeSeriesRequest.Builder requestBuilder =
    ListTimeSeriesRequest.newBuilder()
        .setName(name.toString())
        .setFilter("metric.type=\"compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization\"")
        .setInterval(interval)
        .setAggregation(aggregation);

ListTimeSeriesRequest request = requestBuilder.build();

try (final MetricServiceClient client = MetricServiceClient.create();) {
  ListTimeSeriesPagedResponse response = client.listTimeSeries(request);

  System.out.println("Got timeseries: ");
  for (TimeSeries ts : response.iterateAll()) {
    System.out.println(ts);
  }
}

Node.js

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const monitoring = require('@google-cloud/monitoring');

// Creates a client
const client = new monitoring.MetricServiceClient();

async function readTimeSeriesAggregate() {
  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment and edit the following lines of code.
   */
  // const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';

  const request = {
    name: client.projectPath(projectId),
    filter: 'metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"',
    interval: {
      startTime: {
        // Limit results to the last 20 minutes
        seconds: Date.now() / 1000 - 60 * 20,
      },
      endTime: {
        seconds: Date.now() / 1000,
      },
    },
    // Aggregate results per matching instance
    aggregation: {
      alignmentPeriod: {
        seconds: 600,
      },
      perSeriesAligner: 'ALIGN_MEAN',
    },
  };

  // Writes time series data
  const [timeSeries] = await client.listTimeSeries(request);
  console.log('CPU utilization:');
  timeSeries.forEach(data => {
    console.log(data.metric.labels.instance_name);
    console.log(`  Now: ${data.points[0].value.doubleValue}`);
    if (data.points.length > 1) {
      console.log(`  10 min ago: ${data.points[1].value.doubleValue}`);
    }
    console.log('=====');
  });
}
readTimeSeriesAggregate();

PHP

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Aggregation;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Aggregation\Aligner;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Client\MetricServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\ListTimeSeriesRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\ListTimeSeriesRequest\TimeSeriesView;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\TimeInterval;
use Google\Protobuf\Duration;
use Google\Protobuf\Timestamp;

/**
 * Example:
 * ```
 * read_timeseries_align($projectId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId Your project ID
 */
function read_timeseries_align(string $projectId, int $minutesAgo = 20): void
{
    $metrics = new MetricServiceClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $projectName = 'projects/' . $projectId;
    $filter = 'metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"';

    $startTime = new Timestamp();
    $startTime->setSeconds(time() - (60 * $minutesAgo));
    $endTime = new Timestamp();
    $endTime->setSeconds(time());

    $interval = new TimeInterval();
    $interval->setStartTime($startTime);
    $interval->setEndTime($endTime);

    $alignmentPeriod = new Duration();
    $alignmentPeriod->setSeconds(600);
    $aggregation = new Aggregation();
    $aggregation->setAlignmentPeriod($alignmentPeriod);
    $aggregation->setPerSeriesAligner(Aligner::ALIGN_MEAN);

    $view = TimeSeriesView::FULL;
    $listTimeSeriesRequest = (new ListTimeSeriesRequest())
        ->setName($projectName)
        ->setFilter($filter)
        ->setInterval($interval)
        ->setView($view)
        ->setAggregation($aggregation);

    $result = $metrics->listTimeSeries($listTimeSeriesRequest);

    printf('CPU utilization:' . PHP_EOL);
    foreach ($result->iterateAllElements() as $timeSeries) {
        printf($timeSeries->getMetric()->getLabels()['instance_name'] . PHP_EOL);
        printf('  Now: ');
        printf($timeSeries->getPoints()[0]->getValue()->getDoubleValue() . PHP_EOL);
        if (count($timeSeries->getPoints()) > 1) {
            printf('  10 minutes ago: ');
            printf($timeSeries->getPoints()[1]->getValue()->getDoubleValue() . PHP_EOL);
        }
    }
}

Python

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

from google.cloud import monitoring_v3

client = monitoring_v3.MetricServiceClient()
project_name = f"projects/{project_id}"

now = time.time()
seconds = int(now)
nanos = int((now - seconds) * 10**9)
interval = monitoring_v3.TimeInterval(
    {
        "end_time": {"seconds": seconds, "nanos": nanos},
        "start_time": {"seconds": (seconds - 3600), "nanos": nanos},
    }
)
aggregation = monitoring_v3.Aggregation(
    {
        "alignment_period": {"seconds": 1200},  # 20 minutes
        "per_series_aligner": monitoring_v3.Aggregation.Aligner.ALIGN_MEAN,
    }
)

results = client.list_time_series(
    request={
        "name": project_name,
        "filter": 'metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"',
        "interval": interval,
        "view": monitoring_v3.ListTimeSeriesRequest.TimeSeriesView.FULL,
        "aggregation": aggregation,
    }
)
for result in results:
    print(result)

Ruby

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

# Your Google Cloud Platform project ID
# project_id = "YOUR_PROJECT_ID"

client = Google::Cloud::Monitoring.metric_service
project_name = client.project_path project: project_id

interval = Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::TimeInterval.new
now = Time.now
interval.end_time = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new seconds: now.to_i,
                                                    nanos:   now.nsec
interval.start_time = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new seconds: now.to_i - 1200,
                                                      nanos:   now.nsec
filter = 'metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"'
view = Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::ListTimeSeriesRequest::TimeSeriesView::FULL
aggregation = Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::Aggregation.new(
  alignment_period:   { seconds: 1200 },
  per_series_aligner: Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::Aggregation::Aligner::ALIGN_MEAN
)

results = client.list_time_series name:        project_name,
                                  filter:      filter,
                                  interval:    interval,
                                  view:        view,
                                  aggregation: aggregation
results.each do |result|
  p result
end

如果遇到困难，请参阅排查 Monitoring API 问题。

示例：跨多个时序进行缩减

此示例进一步扩展了上一示例，将三个虚拟机实例中的已校准时序合并为单个时序，以测量所有实例的平均利用率。

协议

  1. 打开 timeSeries.list 参考页面。

  2. 在标有 Try this method（尝试此方法）的窗格中，输入以下内容：

    • name：输入项目的路径。

      projects/PROJECT_ID
    • aggregation.alignmentPeriod：输入 600s
    • aggregation.perSeriesAligner：选择 ALIGN_MEAN
    • aggregation.crossSeriesReducer：选择 REDUCE_MEAN
    • filter：指定指标类型。

      metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"
    • interval.endTime：输入结束时间。
    • interval.startTime：输入开始时间，并确保该时间比结束时间早 20 分钟。
    • 点击显示标准参数，然后在字段中输入以下内容：

      timeSeries.metric,timeSeries.points

  3. 点击执行。

以下示例结果只有一个时序和两个数据点。每个数据点是相应时间段内三个虚拟机实例的平均利用率：

{
 "timeSeries": [
  {
   "metric": {
    "type": "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"
   },
   "points": [
    {
     "interval": {
      "startTime": "2024-03-01T00:20:00.000Z",
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:20:00.000Z"
     },
     "value": {
      "doubleValue": 0.045992419596619184
     }
    },
    {
     "interval": {
      "startTime": "2024-03-01T00:10:00.000Z",
      "endTime": "2024-03-01T00:10:00.000Z"
     },
     "value": {
      "doubleValue": 0.04628773578358556
     }
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}

如需以 curl 命令、HTTP 请求或 JavaScript 的形式查看请求，请点击 API Explorer 中的 全屏。

C#

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

public static object ReadTimeSeriesReduce(string projectId,
    string metricType = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization")
{
    // Create client.
    MetricServiceClient metricServiceClient = MetricServiceClient.Create();
    // Initialize request argument(s).
    string filter = $"metric.type=\"{metricType}\"";
    ListTimeSeriesRequest request = new ListTimeSeriesRequest
    {
        ProjectName = new ProjectName(projectId),
        Filter = filter,
        Interval = new TimeInterval(),
    };
    // Create timestamp for current time formatted in seconds.
    long timeStamp = (long)(DateTime.UtcNow - s_unixEpoch).TotalSeconds;
    Timestamp startTimeStamp = new Timestamp();
    // Set startTime to limit results to the last 20 minutes.
    startTimeStamp.Seconds = timeStamp - (60 * 20);
    Timestamp endTimeStamp = new Timestamp();
    // Set endTime to current time.
    endTimeStamp.Seconds = timeStamp;
    TimeInterval interval = new TimeInterval();
    interval.StartTime = startTimeStamp;
    interval.EndTime = endTimeStamp;
    request.Interval = interval;
    // Aggregate results per matching instance.
    Aggregation aggregation = new Aggregation();
    Duration alignmentPeriod = new Duration();
    alignmentPeriod.Seconds = 600;
    aggregation.AlignmentPeriod = alignmentPeriod;
    aggregation.CrossSeriesReducer = Aggregation.Types.Reducer.ReduceMean;
    aggregation.PerSeriesAligner = Aggregation.Types.Aligner.AlignMean;
    // Add the aggregation to the request.
    request.Aggregation = aggregation;
    // Make the request.
    PagedEnumerable<ListTimeSeriesResponse, TimeSeries> response =
        metricServiceClient.ListTimeSeries(request);
    // Iterate over all response items, lazily performing RPCs as required.
    Console.WriteLine("CPU utilization:");
    foreach (var item in response)
    {
        var points = item.Points;
        Console.WriteLine("Average CPU utilization across all GCE instances:");
        Console.WriteLine($"  Last 10 min: {points[0].Value.DoubleValue}");
        Console.WriteLine($"  Last 10-20 min ago: {points[1].Value.DoubleValue}");
    }
    return 0;
}

Go

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	monitoring "cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3"
	"cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3/v2/monitoringpb"
	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/duration"
	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/timestamp"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

// readTimeSeriesReduce reads the last 20 minutes of the given metric, aligns
// everything on 10 minute intervals, and combines values from different
// instances.
func readTimeSeriesReduce(w io.Writer, projectID string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := monitoring.NewMetricClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewMetricClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()
	startTime := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Minute * -20)
	endTime := time.Now().UTC()
	req := &monitoringpb.ListTimeSeriesRequest{
		Name:   "projects/" + projectID,
		Filter: `metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"`,
		Interval: &monitoringpb.TimeInterval{
			StartTime: &timestamp.Timestamp{
				Seconds: startTime.Unix(),
			},
			EndTime: &timestamp.Timestamp{
				Seconds: endTime.Unix(),
			},
		},
		Aggregation: &monitoringpb.Aggregation{
			CrossSeriesReducer: monitoringpb.Aggregation_REDUCE_MEAN,
			PerSeriesAligner:   monitoringpb.Aggregation_ALIGN_MEAN,
			AlignmentPeriod: &duration.Duration{
				Seconds: 600,
			},
		},
	}
	it := client.ListTimeSeries(ctx, req)
	for {
		resp, err := it.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not read time series value: %w", err)
		}
		fmt.Fprintln(w, "Average CPU utilization across all GCE instances:")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\tNow: %.4f\n", resp.GetPoints()[0].GetValue().GetDoubleValue())
		if len(resp.GetPoints()) > 1 {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t10 minutes ago: %.4f\n", resp.GetPoints()[1].GetValue().GetDoubleValue())
		}
	}
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Done")
	return nil
}

Java

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

String projectId = System.getProperty("projectId");
ProjectName name = ProjectName.of(projectId);

// Restrict time to last 20 minutes
long startMillis = System.currentTimeMillis() - ((60 * 20) * 1000);
TimeInterval interval =
    TimeInterval.newBuilder()
        .setStartTime(Timestamps.fromMillis(startMillis))
        .setEndTime(Timestamps.fromMillis(System.currentTimeMillis()))
        .build();

Aggregation aggregation =
    Aggregation.newBuilder()
        .setAlignmentPeriod(Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(600).build())
        .setPerSeriesAligner(Aggregation.Aligner.ALIGN_MEAN)
        .setCrossSeriesReducer(Aggregation.Reducer.REDUCE_MEAN)
        .build();

ListTimeSeriesRequest.Builder requestBuilder =
    ListTimeSeriesRequest.newBuilder()
        .setName(name.toString())
        .setFilter("metric.type=\"compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization\"")
        .setInterval(interval)
        .setAggregation(aggregation);

ListTimeSeriesRequest request = requestBuilder.build();

try (final MetricServiceClient client = MetricServiceClient.create();) {
  ListTimeSeriesPagedResponse response = client.listTimeSeries(request);

  System.out.println("Got timeseries: ");
  for (TimeSeries ts : response.iterateAll()) {
    System.out.println(ts);
  }
}

Node.js

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const monitoring = require('@google-cloud/monitoring');

// Creates a client
const client = new monitoring.MetricServiceClient();

async function readTimeSeriesReduce() {
  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment and edit the following lines of code.
   */
  // const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';

  const request = {
    name: client.projectPath(projectId),
    filter: 'metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"',
    interval: {
      startTime: {
        // Limit results to the last 20 minutes
        seconds: Date.now() / 1000 - 60 * 20,
      },
      endTime: {
        seconds: Date.now() / 1000,
      },
    },
    // Aggregate results per matching instance
    aggregation: {
      alignmentPeriod: {
        seconds: 600,
      },
      crossSeriesReducer: 'REDUCE_MEAN',
      perSeriesAligner: 'ALIGN_MEAN',
    },
  };

  // Writes time series data
  const [result] = await client.listTimeSeries(request);
  if (result.length === 0) {
    console.log('No data');
    return;
  }
  const reductions = result[0].points;

  console.log('Average CPU utilization across all GCE instances:');
  console.log(`  Last 10 min: ${reductions[0].value.doubleValue}`);
  console.log(`  10-20 min ago: ${reductions[0].value.doubleValue}`);
}
readTimeSeriesReduce();

PHP

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Aggregation;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Client\MetricServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\ListTimeSeriesRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\ListTimeSeriesRequest\TimeSeriesView;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\TimeInterval;
use Google\Protobuf\Duration;
use Google\Protobuf\Timestamp;

/**
 * Example:
 * ```
 * read_timeseries_reduce($projectId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId Your project ID
 */
function read_timeseries_reduce(string $projectId, int $minutesAgo = 20): void
{
    $metrics = new MetricServiceClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $projectName = 'projects/' . $projectId;
    $filter = 'metric.type="compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"';

    $startTime = new Timestamp();
    $startTime->setSeconds(time() - (60 * $minutesAgo));
    $endTime = new Timestamp();
    $endTime->setSeconds(time());

    $interval = new TimeInterval();
    $interval->setStartTime($startTime);
    $interval->setEndTime($endTime);

    $alignmentPeriod = new Duration();
    $alignmentPeriod->setSeconds(600);
    $aggregation = new Aggregation();
    $aggregation->setAlignmentPeriod($alignmentPeriod);
    $aggregation->setCrossSeriesReducer(Aggregation\Reducer::REDUCE_MEAN);
    $aggregation->setPerSeriesAligner(Aggregation\Aligner::ALIGN_MEAN);

    $view = TimeSeriesView::FULL;
    $listTimeSeriesRequest = (new ListTimeSeriesRequest())
        ->setName($projectName)
        ->setFilter($filter)
        ->setInterval($interval)
        ->setView($view)
        ->setAggregation($aggregation);

    $result = $metrics->listTimeSeries($listTimeSeriesRequest);

    printf('Average CPU utilization across all GCE instances:' . PHP_EOL);
    if ($timeSeries = $result->iterateAllElements()->current()) {
        $reductions = $timeSeries->getPoints();
        printf('  Last 10 minutes: ');
        printf($reductions[0]->getValue()->getDoubleValue() . PHP_EOL);
        if (count($reductions) > 1) {
            printf('  10-20 minutes ago: ');
            printf($reductions[1]->getValue()->getDoubleValue() . PHP_EOL);
        }
    }
}

Python

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

from google.cloud import monitoring_v3

client = monitoring_v3.MetricServiceClient()
project_name = f"projects/{project_id}"

now = time.time()
seconds = int(now)
nanos = int((now - seconds) * 10**9)
interval = monitoring_v3.TimeInterval(
    {
        "end_time": {"seconds": seconds, "nanos": nanos},
        "start_time": {"seconds": (seconds - 3600), "nanos": nanos},
    }
)
aggregation = monitoring_v3.Aggregation(
    {
        "alignment_period": {"seconds": 1200},  # 20 minutes
        "per_series_aligner": monitoring_v3.Aggregation.Aligner.ALIGN_MEAN,
        "cross_series_reducer": monitoring_v3.Aggregation.Reducer.REDUCE_MEAN,
        "group_by_fields": ["resource.zone"],
    }
)

results = client.list_time_series(
    request={
        "name": project_name,
        "filter": 'metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"',
        "interval": interval,
        "view": monitoring_v3.ListTimeSeriesRequest.TimeSeriesView.FULL,
        "aggregation": aggregation,
    }
)
for result in results:
    print(result)

Ruby

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。 

# Your Google Cloud Platform project ID
# project_id = "YOUR_PROJECT_ID"

client = Google::Cloud::Monitoring.metric_service
project_name = client.project_path project: project_id

interval = Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::TimeInterval.new
now = Time.now
interval.end_time = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new seconds: now.to_i,
                                                    nanos:   now.nsec
interval.start_time = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new seconds: now.to_i - 1200,
                                                      nanos:   now.nsec
filter = 'metric.type = "compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization"'
view = Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::ListTimeSeriesRequest::TimeSeriesView::FULL
aggregation = Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::Aggregation.new(
  alignment_period:     { seconds: 1200 },
  per_series_aligner:   Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::Aggregation::Aligner::ALIGN_MEAN,
  cross_series_reducer: Google::Cloud::Monitoring::V3::Aggregation::Reducer::REDUCE_MEAN,
  group_by_fields:      ["resource.zone"]
)

results = client.list_time_series name:        project_name,
                                  filter:      filter,
                                  interval:    interval,
                                  view:        view,
                                  aggregation: aggregation
results.each do |result|
  p result
end

如果遇到困难，请参阅排查 Monitoring API 问题。

后续步骤