Overview of IAM Conditions

This page describes the Conditions feature of Identity and Access Management (IAM). This feature allows you to define and enforce conditional, attribute-based access control for Google Cloud resources.

With IAM Conditions, you can choose to grant resource access to identities (members) only if configured conditions are met. For example, this could be done to configure temporary access for users in the event of a production issue or to limit access to resources only for employees making requests from your corporate office.

Conditions are specified in the role bindings of a resource's IAM policy. When a condition exists, the access request is only granted if the condition expression evaluates to true. Each condition expression is defined as a set of logic statements allowing you to specify one or more attributes to check.

IAM policies with conditions

IAM policies comprise one or more role bindings, which have the following structure:

"bindings": [
  {
    "role": ...
    "members": ...
    "condition": ...
  },
  ...
]

The condition object is optional, and each role binding can contain zero or one condition. If a role binding does not have a condition object, the members in that role binding always have the specified role on the resource.

The condition object has the following structure:

"condition": {
    "title": ...
    "description": ...
    "expression": ...
}

The condition's title is required, but the description is optional. Both the title and description are purely informational fields to help you identify and describe the condition.

The expression field is required. It defines an attribute-based logic expression using a subset of the Common Expression Language (CEL). CEL is described in more detail in the section below. The condition expression can contain multiple statements, each uses one attribute, and statements are combined using logical operators, following CEL language specification.

To learn how to add, modify, and remove conditional role bindings, see Managing conditional role bindings.

CEL for conditions

Common Expression Language, or CEL, is the expression language used to specify an expression in IAM Condition. It is tailored to express attribute-based logic expressions. For more information, see the CEL spec and its language definition.

In IAM Conditions, a subset of CEL is used for the purpose of achieving boolean authorization decisions based on attribute data. In general, a condition expression consists of one or more statements that are joined using logical operators (&&, ||, or !). Each statement expresses an attribute-based control rule that applies to the role binding, and ultimately determine whether authorization is allowed.

The most important CEL features related to conditions are described below:

  • Variables: Conditions use variables to express a given attribute, such as request.time (of type Timestamp) or resource.name (of type String). These variables are populated with value based on the context at runtime.
  • Operators: Every data type, such as Timestamp or String, supports a set of operators that can be used to create a logic expression. Most commonly, operators are used to compare the value contained in a variable with a literal value, such as resource.service == "compute.googleapis.com". In this example, if the input value of resource.service is compute.googleapis.com, then the expression evaluates to true.
  • Functions: A function is a "compound" operator for data types that support more complex operations. In condition expressions, there are predefined functions that can be used in conjunction with a given data type. For example, request.path.startsWith("/finance") uses a String prefix match function, and evaluates to true if the value of request.path contains a matching prefix, such as "/finance".
  • Logical operators: Conditions supports three logical operators that can be used to build complex logic expressions from simple expression statements: &&, ||, and !. These logical operators make it possible to use multiple input variables in a condition expression. For example: request.time.getFullYear() < 2020 && resource.service == "compute.googleapis.com" joins two simple statements, and requires both statements to be met in order to produce a true overall evaluation result.

For more information about supported variables, operators, and functions, see the attribute reference.

Condition attributes

Condition attributes are either based on the requested resource (e.g., its type or name) or based on details about the request (e.g., its timestamp, originating IP address, or destination IP address of the target Compute Engine virtual machine (VM) instance). Expression examples using these attributes are provided below.

Resource attributes

Resource attributes enable you to create conditions that evaluate the resource in the access request, including the resource type, the resource name, the Google Cloud service being used, and the tags attached to the resource.

For a complete list of resource attributes, see the Resource attributes reference.

To learn how to use resource attributes to configure resource-based access, see Configuring resource-based access.

Example expressions

Allow access to Compute Engine VM instances, but no other type of resource:

resource.type == "compute.googleapis.com/Instance"

Allow access to Cloud Storage resources, but no other service's resources:

resource.service == "storage.googleapis.com"

Allow access only to Cloud Storage buckets whose names start with a specified prefix:

resource.type == "storage.googleapis.com/Bucket" &&
resource.name.startsWith("projects/_/buckets/exampleco-site-assets-")

Allow access to Google Cloud resources that have the tag env: prod:

resource.matchTag('123456789012/env', 'prod')

Request attributes

Request attributes enable you to create conditions that evaluate details about the request, such as its access level, its date/time, the destination IP address and port (for IAP TCP tunneling), or the expected URL host/path (for IAP).

Example access level expression (for IAP only)

Allow access only if request meets an organization-defined access level; in the following example, the organization defined an access level, CorpNet, that limits access to the range of IP addresses where traffic enters and exits a corporate network:

"accessPolicies/199923665455/accessLevels/CorpNet" in
request.auth.access_levels

Access levels are defined by your organization. They are assigned based on attributes of the request, such as origin IP address, device attributes, the time of day, and more. See the Access Context Manager documentation for more information about access levels.

Example API attribute expression

Allow a user to grant and revoke only the Billing Account Administrator (roles/billing.admin) role:

api.getAttribute('iam.googleapis.com/modifiedGrantsByRole', [])
                 .hasOnly(['roles/billing.admin'])

To learn more about using API attributes to limit role granting, see Setting limits on granting roles.

Example date/time expressions

Allow access temporarily until a specified expiration date/time:

request.time < timestamp("2021-01-01T00:00:00Z")

Allow access only during specified working hours, based on the time zone for Berlin, Germany:

request.time.getHours("Europe/Berlin") >= 9 &&
request.time.getHours("Europe/Berlin") <= 17 &&
// Days of the week range from 0 to 6, where 0 == Sunday and 6 == Saturday.
request.time.getDayOfWeek("Europe/Berlin") >= 1 &&
request.time.getDayOfWeek("Europe/Berlin") <= 5

Allow access only for a specified month and year, based on the time zone for Berlin, Germany:

request.time.getFullYear("Europe/Berlin") == 2020
request.time.getMonth("Europe/Berlin") < 6

To specify a timestamp, use RFC 3339 format. To specify a time zone, use the identifiers in the IANA Time Zone Database.

For more details about date/time expressions, see the CEL specification.

To learn how to use date/time expressions to configure temporary access, see Configuring temporary access.

Example destination IP/port expressions (for IAP TCP tunneling)

Allow access to an internal destination IP address or port number:

destination.ip == "14.0.0.1"
destination.ip != "127.0.0.1"
destination.port == 22
destination.port > 21 && destination.port <= 23

Example forwarding rule expressions

Allow access for a member if the request is not creating a forwarding rule, or if the request is creating a forwarding rule for an internal Google Cloud load balancer:

!compute.isForwardingRuleCreationOperation() || (
  compute.isForwardingRuleCreationOperation() &&
  compute.matchLoadBalancingSchemes([
    'INTERNAL', 'INTERNAL_MANAGED', 'INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED'
  ]))
)

Example URL host/path expressions (for IAP)

Allow access only for certain subdomains or URL paths in the request:

request.host == "hr.example.com"
request.host.endsWith(".example.com")
request.path == "/admin/payroll.js"
request.path.startsWith("/admin")

For details about load balancing schemes, see Using IAM Conditions on Google Cloud load balancers.

Example expression with different types of attributes

Allow access if the request is made during a specific time, matching a resource name prefix, with the desired access level, and for a specific resource type:

request.time > timestamp("2018-08-03T16:00:00-07:00") &&
request.time < timestamp("2018-08-03T16:05:00-07:00") &&
((resource.name.startsWith("projects/project-123/zones/us-east1-b/instances/dev") ||
 (resource.name.startsWith("projects/project-123/zones/us-east1-b/instances/prod") &&
  "accessPolicies/34569256/accessLevels/CorpNet" in request.auth.access_levels)) ||
 resource.type != "compute.googleapis.com/Instance")

Resource types that accept conditional role bindings

You can add conditions to IAM policies for the following types of Google Cloud resources:

Google Cloud service Resource types
Cloud Key Management Service (Cloud KMS)
  • Crypto keys
  • Crypto key versions
  • Key rings
Cloud Storage Buckets 1, 2
Compute Engine
  • Global backend services
  • Regional backend services
  • Firewalls
  • Images
  • Instance templates
  • Instances
  • Regional persistent disks
  • Zonal persistent disks
  • Snapshots
Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP)
  • Tunnels
  • Tunnel instances
  • Tunnel zones
  • All web services
  • Individual web services
  • Web service types
  • Web service versions
Resource Manager
  • Organizations
  • Folders
  • Projects
  • Tag keys
  • Tag values
Secret Manager
  • Secrets
  • Secret versions

1 Available for buckets that use uniform bucket-level access. If you cannot enable uniform bucket-level access, you can add conditions to the IAM policy for a higher-level resource, such as the project.

2 You can use the resource.name attribute to refer to objects in Cloud Storage buckets. However, you must add the condition to the IAM policy for a higher-level resource, such as the bucket or the project.

Other types of resources do not allow conditions in their IAM policies. However, you can add conditional role bindings at the organization or project level, and other resources will inherit those role bindings through the resource hierarchy.

For details about which attributes affect which resource types, see the attribute reference.

Limits

The following limits apply to IAM Conditions:

  • As described in the details about supported services on this page, you can add conditions to role bindings only for selected Google Cloud services. In addition, most condition attributes are compatible with a limited number of services.
  • Basic roles (roles/owner, roles/editor, roles/viewer) are unsupported; if you attempt to set a condition in a role binding that uses a basic role, the setIamPolicy operation will fail.
  • The allUsers and allAuthenticatedUsers values are unsupported member types in a conditional role binding. If you specify one of these member types, the setIamPolicy operation will fail.
  • We recommend that each policy contains no more than 100 conditional role bindings. There is an underlying storage size limitation for one policy. Policies comprising many conditional role binding may exceed the size limit and might be rejected.
  • We recommend that you set only a few different conditional role bindings for the same member for the same role (different conditions). However, you can include the maximum of 20 role bindings for same role and same member. If you exceed this number, the setIamPolicy operation will fail.
  • You can use a maximum of 12 logical operators in one condition expression. If you exceed this number, the setIamPolicy operation will fail.

Next steps