此页面由 Cloud Translation API 翻译。

创建密钥

本页面介绍了如何在 Cloud KMS 中创建密钥。键可以是对称或不对称加密密钥、非对称签名密钥或 MAC 签名密钥。

创建密钥时，您需要将其添加到 Cloud KMS 位置。您可以创建新密钥环或使用现有环。在本页中您需要生成新的 Cloud KMS 或 Cloud HSM 密钥并将其添加到现有密钥环如需创建 Cloud EKM 密钥，请参阅创建外部键。如需导入 Cloud KMS 或 Cloud HSM 密钥，请执行以下操作：请参阅导入密钥。

准备工作

在完成本页面上的任务之前，您需要做好以下准备：

用于包含您的 Cloud KMS 资源。我们建议您为 Cloud KMS 资源中不含任何其他 Google Cloud 资源。
您要在其中创建密钥的密钥环的名称和位置。请在靠近您的其他资源的位置选择密钥环，支持您所需的保护级别。接收者查看可用位置及其支持的保护级别，请参阅 Cloud KMS 网点。创建密钥请参阅创建密钥环。
可选：如需使用 gcloud CLI，请准备您的环境。

gcloud CLI

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，激活 Cloud Shell。

激活 Cloud Shell

所需的角色

如需获取创建密钥所需的权限，请让管理员向您授予项目或父级资源的 Cloud KMS Admin (roles/cloudkms.admin) IAM 角色。如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理访问权限。

此预定义角色包含创建密钥所需的权限。如需查看所需的确切权限，请展开所需权限部分：

所需权限

创建密钥需要以下权限：

cloudkms.cryptoKeys.create
cloudkms.cryptoKeys.get
cloudkms.cryptoKeys.list
cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.create
cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.get
cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.list
cloudkms.keyRings.get
cloudkms.keyRings.list
cloudkms.locations.get
cloudkms.locations.list
resourcemanager.projects.get
如需检索公钥，请执行以下操作： cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.viewPublicKey

您也可以使用自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取这些权限。

创建对称加密密钥

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往 Key Management（密钥管理）页面。

前往“密钥管理”
点击您要为其创建密钥的密钥环的名称。
点击创建密钥。
在密钥名称部分，输入密钥的名称。
在保护级别部分，选择软件或 HSM。
对于密钥材料，选择生成的密钥。
对于用途，选择 Symmetric encrypt/decrypt。
接受轮替周期和开始日期的默认值。
点击创建。

gcloud

如需在命令行上使用 Cloud KMS，请先安装或升级到最新版本的 Google Cloud CLI。

gcloud kms keys create KEY_NAME \
    --keyring KEY_RING \
    --location LOCATION \
    --purpose "encryption" \
    --protection-level "PROTECTION_LEVEL"

替换以下内容：

KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
PROTECTION_LEVEL：要用于键，例如 software 或 hsm。您可以省略 software 键的 --protection-level 标志。

如需了解所有标志和可能值，请使用 --help 标志运行命令。

C#

要运行此代码，请先设置 C# 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS C# SDK。


using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;

public class CreateKeySymmetricEncryptDecryptSample
{
    public CryptoKey CreateKeySymmetricEncryptDecrypt(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring",
      string id = "my-symmetric-encryption-key")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the parent key ring name.
        KeyRingName keyRingName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Build the key.
        CryptoKey key = new CryptoKey
        {
            Purpose = CryptoKey.Types.CryptoKeyPurpose.EncryptDecrypt,
            VersionTemplate = new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate
            {
                Algorithm = CryptoKeyVersion.Types.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.GoogleSymmetricEncryption,
            }
        };

        // Call the API.
        CryptoKey result = client.CreateCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);

        // Return the result.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

要运行此代码，请先设置 Go 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Go SDK。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
)

// createKeySymmetricEncryptDecrypt creates a new symmetric encrypt/decrypt key
// on Cloud KMS.
func createKeySymmetricEncryptDecrypt(w io.Writer, parent, id string) error {
	// parent := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring"
	// id := "my-symmetric-encryption-key"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest{
		Parent:      parent,
		CryptoKeyId: id,
		CryptoKey: &kmspb.CryptoKey{
			Purpose: kmspb.CryptoKey_ENCRYPT_DECRYPT,
			VersionTemplate: &kmspb.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate{
				Algorithm: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION,
			},
		},
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.CreateCryptoKey(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created key: %s\n", result.Name)
	return nil
}

Java

要运行此代码，请先设置 Java 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Java SDK。

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyRingName;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateKeySymmetricEncryptDecrypt {

  public void createKeySymmetricEncryptDecrypt() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String id = "my-key";
    createKeySymmetricEncryptDecrypt(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, id);
  }

  // Create a new key that is used for symmetric encryption and decryption.
  public void createKeySymmetricEncryptDecrypt(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String id) throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the parent name from the project, location, and key ring.
      KeyRingName keyRingName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Build the symmetric key to create.
      CryptoKey key =
          CryptoKey.newBuilder()
              .setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose.ENCRYPT_DECRYPT)
              .setVersionTemplate(
                  CryptoKeyVersionTemplate.newBuilder()
                      .setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION))
              .build();

      // Create the key.
      CryptoKey createdKey = client.createCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);
      System.out.printf("Created symmetric key %s%n", createdKey.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

要运行此代码，请先设置 Node.js 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK。

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const id = 'my-symmetric-encryption-key';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the parent key ring name
const keyRingName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function createKeySymmetricEncryptDecrypt() {
  const [key] = await client.createCryptoKey({
    parent: keyRingName,
    cryptoKeyId: id,
    cryptoKey: {
      purpose: 'ENCRYPT_DECRYPT',
      versionTemplate: {
        algorithm: 'GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION',
      },
    },
  });

  console.log(`Created symmetric key: ${key.name}`);
  return key;
}

return createKeySymmetricEncryptDecrypt();

PHP

要运行此代码，请先了解如何在 Google Cloud 上使用 PHP 并安装 Cloud KMS PHP SDK。

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CreateCryptoKeyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey\CryptoKeyPurpose;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersion\CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;

function create_key_symmetric_encrypt_decrypt(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $id = 'my-symmetric-key'
): CryptoKey {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the parent key ring name.
    $keyRingName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Build the key.
    $key = (new CryptoKey())
        ->setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose::ENCRYPT_DECRYPT)
        ->setVersionTemplate((new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate())
            ->setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm::GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION)
        );

    // Call the API.
    $createCryptoKeyRequest = (new CreateCryptoKeyRequest())
        ->setParent($keyRingName)
        ->setCryptoKeyId($id)
        ->setCryptoKey($key);
    $createdKey = $client->createCryptoKey($createCryptoKeyRequest);
    printf('Created symmetric key: %s' . PHP_EOL, $createdKey->getName());

    return $createdKey;
}

Python

要运行此代码，请先设置 Python 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Python SDK。

from google.cloud import kms


def create_key_symmetric_encrypt_decrypt(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str
) -> kms.CryptoKey:
    """
    Creates a new symmetric encryption/decryption key in Cloud KMS.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to create (e.g. 'my-symmetric-key').

    Returns:
        CryptoKey: Cloud KMS key.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the parent key ring name.
    key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id)

    # Build the key.
    purpose = kms.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose.ENCRYPT_DECRYPT
    algorithm = (
        kms.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION
    )
    key = {
        "purpose": purpose,
        "version_template": {
            "algorithm": algorithm,
        },
    }

    # Call the API.
    created_key = client.create_crypto_key(
        request={"parent": key_ring_name, "crypto_key_id": key_id, "crypto_key": key}
    )
    print(f"Created symmetric key: {created_key.name}")
    return created_key

Ruby

要运行此代码，请先设置 Ruby 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK。

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# id          = "my-symmetric-key"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the parent key ring name.
key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Build the key.
key = {
  purpose:          :ENCRYPT_DECRYPT,
  version_template: {
    algorithm: :GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION
  }
}

# Call the API.
created_key = client.create_crypto_key parent: key_ring_name, crypto_key_id: id, crypto_key: key
puts "Created symmetric key: #{created_key.name}"

API

这些示例使用 curl 作为 HTTP 客户端来演示如何使用 API。如需详细了解访问权限控制，请参阅访问 Cloud KMS API。

如需创建密钥，请使用 CryptoKey.create 方法：

curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/keyRings/KEY_RING/cryptoKeys?crypto_key_id=KEY_NAME" \
    --request "POST" \
    --header "authorization: Bearer TOKEN" \
    --header "content-type: application/json" \
    --data '{"purpose": "ENCRYPT_DECRYPT", "versionTemplate": { "protectionLevel": "PROTECTION_LEVEL", "algorithm": "ALGORITHM" }}'

替换以下内容：

PROJECT_ID：包含密钥环的项目的 ID。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
PROTECTION_LEVEL：键，例如 SOFTWARE 或 HSM。
ALGORITHM：HMAC 签名算法。例如， HMAC_SHA256.如需查看所有支持的 HMAC 算法，请参阅 HMAC 签名算法。

创建具有自定义自动轮替的对称加密密钥

创建密钥时，您可以指定其轮替该时间段是指从系统自动创建或新密钥版本。您也可以单独指定下次轮替时间，以便下次轮替时间早于或晚于。

控制台

当您使用 Google Cloud 控制台创建密钥时，Cloud KMS 会设置轮替周期和下次轮替时间。您可以选择使用默认值或指定其他值。

若要指定其他轮替周期和开始时间，请在创建您的密钥，但在点击之前创建按钮：

在密钥轮替周期部分，选择一个选项。
在开始日期部分，选择要首次自动完成旋转。您可以保留开始日期的默认值，即启动首次自动轮替创建密钥。

gcloud

如需在命令行上使用 Cloud KMS，请先安装或升级到最新版本的 Google Cloud CLI。

gcloud kms keys create KEY_NAME \
    --keyring KEY_RING \
    --location LOCATION \
    --purpose "encryption" \
    --rotation-period ROTATION_PERIOD \
    --next-rotation-time NEXT_ROTATION_TIME

替换以下内容：

KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
ROTATION_PERIOD：轮替密钥，例如 30d 表示每 30 天轮替一次密钥。轮替最短 1 天，最长 100 年。如需了解详情，请参阅 CryptoKey.rotationPeriod 的编码。
NEXT_ROTATION_TIME：完成时的时间戳例如 "2023-01-01T01:02:03"。您可以将 --next-rotation-time，以将首次轮替安排为自运行命令。如需了解详情，请参阅 CryptoKey.nextRotationTime.

如需了解所有标志和可能值，请使用 --help 标志运行命令。

C#

要运行此代码，请先设置 C# 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS C# SDK。


using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
using System;

public class CreateKeyRotationScheduleSample
{
    public CryptoKey CreateKeyRotationSchedule(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring",
      string id = "my-key-with-rotation-schedule")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the parent key ring name.
        KeyRingName keyRingName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Build the key.
        CryptoKey key = new CryptoKey
        {
            Purpose = CryptoKey.Types.CryptoKeyPurpose.EncryptDecrypt,
            VersionTemplate = new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate
            {
                Algorithm = CryptoKeyVersion.Types.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.GoogleSymmetricEncryption,
            },

            // Rotate the key every 30 days.
            RotationPeriod = new Duration
            {
                Seconds = 60 * 60 * 24 * 30, // 30 days
            },

            // Start the first rotation in 24 hours.
            NextRotationTime = new Timestamp
            {
                Seconds = new DateTimeOffset(DateTime.UtcNow.AddHours(24)).ToUnixTimeSeconds(),
            }
        };

        // Call the API.
        CryptoKey result = client.CreateCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);

        // Return the result.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

要运行此代码，请先设置 Go 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Go SDK。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
)

// createKeyRotationSchedule creates a key with a rotation schedule.
func createKeyRotationSchedule(w io.Writer, parent, id string) error {
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring"
	// id := "my-key-with-rotation-schedule"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest{
		Parent:      parent,
		CryptoKeyId: id,
		CryptoKey: &kmspb.CryptoKey{
			Purpose: kmspb.CryptoKey_ENCRYPT_DECRYPT,
			VersionTemplate: &kmspb.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate{
				Algorithm: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION,
			},

			// Rotate the key every 30 days
			RotationSchedule: &kmspb.CryptoKey_RotationPeriod{
				RotationPeriod: &durationpb.Duration{
					Seconds: int64(60 * 60 * 24 * 30), // 30 days
				},
			},

			// Start the first rotation in 24 hours
			NextRotationTime: &timestamppb.Timestamp{
				Seconds: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour).Unix(),
			},
		},
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.CreateCryptoKey(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created key: %s\n", result.Name)
	return nil
}

Java

要运行此代码，请先设置 Java 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Java SDK。

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyRingName;
import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
import com.google.protobuf.Timestamp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;

public class CreateKeyRotationSchedule {

  public void createKeyRotationSchedule() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String id = "my-key";
    createKeyRotationSchedule(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, id);
  }

  // Create a new key that automatically rotates on a schedule.
  public void createKeyRotationSchedule(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String id) throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the parent name from the project, location, and key ring.
      KeyRingName keyRingName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Calculate the date 24 hours from now (this is used below).
      long tomorrow = java.time.Instant.now().plus(24, ChronoUnit.HOURS).getEpochSecond();

      // Build the key to create with a rotation schedule.
      CryptoKey key =
          CryptoKey.newBuilder()
              .setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose.ENCRYPT_DECRYPT)
              .setVersionTemplate(
                  CryptoKeyVersionTemplate.newBuilder()
                      .setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION))

              // Rotate every 30 days.
              .setRotationPeriod(
                  Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(java.time.Duration.ofDays(30).getSeconds()))

              // Start the first rotation in 24 hours.
              .setNextRotationTime(Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(tomorrow))
              .build();

      // Create the key.
      CryptoKey createdKey = client.createCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);
      System.out.printf("Created key with rotation schedule %s%n", createdKey.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

要运行此代码，请先设置 Node.js 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK。

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const id = 'my-rotating-encryption-key';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the parent key ring name
const keyRingName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function createKeyRotationSchedule() {
  const [key] = await client.createCryptoKey({
    parent: keyRingName,
    cryptoKeyId: id,
    cryptoKey: {
      purpose: 'ENCRYPT_DECRYPT',
      versionTemplate: {
        algorithm: 'GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION',
      },

      // Rotate the key every 30 days.
      rotationPeriod: {
        seconds: 60 * 60 * 24 * 30,
      },

      // Start the first rotation in 24 hours.
      nextRotationTime: {
        seconds: new Date().getTime() / 1000 + 60 * 60 * 24,
      },
    },
  });

  console.log(`Created rotating key: ${key.name}`);
  return key;
}

return createKeyRotationSchedule();

PHP

要运行此代码，请先了解如何在 Google Cloud 上使用 PHP 并安装 Cloud KMS PHP SDK。

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CreateCryptoKeyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey\CryptoKeyPurpose;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersion\CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
use Google\Protobuf\Duration;
use Google\Protobuf\Timestamp;

function create_key_rotation_schedule(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $id = 'my-key-with-rotation-schedule'
): CryptoKey {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the parent key ring name.
    $keyRingName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Build the key.
    $key = (new CryptoKey())
        ->setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose::ENCRYPT_DECRYPT)
        ->setVersionTemplate((new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate())
            ->setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm::GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION))

        // Rotate the key every 30 days.
        ->setRotationPeriod((new Duration())
            ->setSeconds(60 * 60 * 24 * 30)
        )

        // Start the first rotation in 24 hours.
        ->setNextRotationTime((new Timestamp())
            ->setSeconds(time() + 60 * 60 * 24)
        );

    // Call the API.
    $createCryptoKeyRequest = (new CreateCryptoKeyRequest())
        ->setParent($keyRingName)
        ->setCryptoKeyId($id)
        ->setCryptoKey($key);
    $createdKey = $client->createCryptoKey($createCryptoKeyRequest);
    printf('Created key with rotation: %s' . PHP_EOL, $createdKey->getName());

    return $createdKey;
}

Python

要运行此代码，请先设置 Python 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Python SDK。

import time

from google.cloud import kms


def create_key_rotation_schedule(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str
) -> kms.CryptoKey:
    """
    Creates a new key in Cloud KMS that automatically rotates.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to create (e.g. 'my-rotating-key').

    Returns:
        CryptoKey: Cloud KMS key.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the parent key ring name.
    key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id)

    # Build the key.
    purpose = kms.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose.ENCRYPT_DECRYPT
    algorithm = (
        kms.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION
    )
    key = {
        "purpose": purpose,
        "version_template": {
            "algorithm": algorithm,
        },
        # Rotate the key every 30 days.
        "rotation_period": {"seconds": 60 * 60 * 24 * 30},
        # Start the first rotation in 24 hours.
        "next_rotation_time": {"seconds": int(time.time()) + 60 * 60 * 24},
    }

    # Call the API.
    created_key = client.create_crypto_key(
        request={"parent": key_ring_name, "crypto_key_id": key_id, "crypto_key": key}
    )
    print(f"Created labeled key: {created_key.name}")
    return created_key

Ruby

要运行此代码，请先设置 Ruby 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK。

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# id          = "my-key-with-rotation"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the parent key ring name.
key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Build the key.
key = {
  purpose:            :ENCRYPT_DECRYPT,
  version_template:   {
    algorithm: :GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION
  },

  # Rotate the key every 30 days.
  rotation_period:    {
    seconds: 60 * 60 * 24 * 30
  },

  # Start the first rotation in 24 hours.
  next_rotation_time: {
    seconds: (Time.now + (60 * 60 * 24)).to_i
  }
}

# Call the API.
created_key = client.create_crypto_key parent: key_ring_name, crypto_key_id: id, crypto_key: key
puts "Created rotating key: #{created_key.name}"

API

这些示例使用 curl 作为 HTTP 客户端来演示如何使用 API。如需详细了解访问权限控制，请参阅访问 Cloud KMS API。

如需创建密钥，请使用 CryptoKey.create 方法：

curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/keyRings/KEY_RING/cryptoKeys?crypto_key_id=KEY_NAME" \
    --request "POST" \
    --header "authorization: Bearer TOKEN" \
    --header "content-type: application/json" \
    --data '{"purpose": "PURPOSE", "rotationPeriod": "ROTATION_PERIOD", "nextRotationTime": "NEXT_ROTATION_TIME"}'

替换以下内容：

PURPOSE：目的键。
ROTATION_PERIOD：轮替密钥，例如 30d 表示每 30 天轮替一次密钥。轮替最短 1 天，最长 100 年。如需了解详情，请参阅 CryptoKey.rotationPeriod 的编码。
NEXT_ROTATION_TIME：完成时的时间戳例如 "2023-01-01T01:02:03"。您可以将 --next-rotation-time，以将首次轮替安排为自运行命令。如需了解详情，请参阅 CryptoKey.nextRotationTime.

设置“已安排销毁”的持续时间州/省/自治区/直辖市

默认情况下，Cloud KMS 中的密钥版本会在已安排销毁 (DESTROY_SCHEDULED) 状态，已销毁。已安排销毁状态有时称为 软删除状态。密钥版本保持此状态的时长是可配置的，但存在以下限制：

您只能在密钥创建期间设置时长。
键的有效期一经指定，便无法更改。
该时长适用于未来创建的密钥的所有版本。
所有密钥的最短时长均为 24 小时（仅限导入的密钥除外）且最短时长为 0。
最长时长为 120 天。
默认有效期为 30 天。

您的组织可能设置了销毁时长下限由组织政策定义的值。有关详情，请参阅控制密钥销毁。

创建一个在已安排销毁期间使用自定义时长的密钥请按照以下步骤操作：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往 Key Management（密钥管理）页面。

前往“密钥管理”
点击您要为其创建密钥的密钥环的名称。
点击创建密钥。
为您的应用配置密钥的设置。
点击其他设置。
“已安排销毁”持续时间状态，请选择天数，密钥在被安排销毁之前保持已永久销毁。
点击创建密钥。

gcloud

如需在命令行上使用 Cloud KMS，请先安装或升级到最新版本的 Google Cloud CLI。

gcloud kms keys create KEY_NAME \
    --keyring KEY_RING \
    --location LOCATION \
    --purpose PURPOSE \
    --destroy-scheduled-duration DURATION

替换以下内容：

KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
PURPOSE：密钥的用途，例如 encryption.
DURATION：密钥在在被永久销毁之前已安排销毁状态。

如需了解所有标志和可能值，请使用 --help 标志运行命令。

我们建议为所有密钥使用默认时长 24 小时，除非都有特定的应用要求或监管要求不同的值。

创建非对称密钥

创建非对称解密密钥

按照以下步骤在指定的密钥环和位置创建非对称解密密钥。通过调整这些示例，可指定保护级别或算法。如需了解详情和替代值，请参阅算法和保护级别。

首次创建密钥时，初始密钥版本的状态为 待生成。当状态变为已启用时，您可以使用密钥。如需详细了解密钥版本状态，请参阅密钥版本状态。

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往 Key Management（密钥管理）页面。

前往“密钥管理”
点击您要为其创建密钥的密钥环的名称。
点击创建密钥。
在密钥名称部分，输入密钥的名称。
在保护级别部分，选择软件或 HSM。
对于密钥材料，选择生成的密钥。
对于用途，选择 Asame decrypt。
对于 Algorithm，选择 3072 bit RSA - OAEP Padding - SHA256 Digest。您可以在将来的密钥版本上更改此值。
点击创建。

gcloud

如需在命令行上使用 Cloud KMS，请先安装或升级到最新版本的 Google Cloud CLI。

gcloud kms keys create KEY_NAME \
    --keyring KEY_RING \
    --location LOCATION \
    --purpose "asymmetric-encryption" \
    --default-algorithm "ALGORITHM"

替换以下内容：

KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
ALGORITHM：要用于密钥的算法，示例：rsa-decrypt-oaep-3072-sha256。有关受支持的非对称列表请参阅非对称加密算法。

如需了解所有标志和可能值，请使用 --help 标志运行命令。

C#

要运行此代码，请先设置 C# 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS C# SDK。


using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;

public class CreateKeyAsymmetricDecryptSample
{
    public CryptoKey CreateKeyAsymmetricDecrypt(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring",
      string id = "my-asymmetric-encrypt-key")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the parent key ring name.
        KeyRingName keyRingName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Build the key.
        CryptoKey key = new CryptoKey
        {
            Purpose = CryptoKey.Types.CryptoKeyPurpose.AsymmetricDecrypt,
            VersionTemplate = new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate
            {
                Algorithm = CryptoKeyVersion.Types.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.RsaDecryptOaep2048Sha256,
            },

            // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
            DestroyScheduledDuration = new Duration
            {
                Seconds = 24 * 60 * 60,
            }
        };

        // Call the API.
        CryptoKey result = client.CreateCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);

        // Return the result.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

要运行此代码，请先设置 Go 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Go SDK。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
)

// createKeyAsymmetricDecrypt creates a new asymmetric RSA encrypt/decrypt key
// pair where the private key is stored in Cloud KMS.
func createKeyAsymmetricDecrypt(w io.Writer, parent, id string) error {
	// parent := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring"
	// id := "my-asymmetric-encryption-key"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest{
		Parent:      parent,
		CryptoKeyId: id,
		CryptoKey: &kmspb.CryptoKey{
			Purpose: kmspb.CryptoKey_ASYMMETRIC_DECRYPT,
			VersionTemplate: &kmspb.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate{
				Algorithm: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_DECRYPT_OAEP_2048_SHA256,
			},

			// Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
			DestroyScheduledDuration: durationpb.New(24 * time.Hour),
		},
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.CreateCryptoKey(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created key: %s\n", result.Name)
	return nil
}

Java

要运行此代码，请先设置 Java 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Java SDK。

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyRingName;
import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateKeyAsymmetricDecrypt {

  public void createKeyAsymmetricDecrypt() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String id = "my-asymmetric-decryption-key";
    createKeyAsymmetricDecrypt(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, id);
  }

  // Create a new asymmetric key for the purpose of encrypting and decrypting
  // data.
  public void createKeyAsymmetricDecrypt(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String id) throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the parent name from the project, location, and key ring.
      KeyRingName keyRingName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Build the asymmetric key to create.
      CryptoKey key =
          CryptoKey.newBuilder()
              .setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose.ASYMMETRIC_DECRYPT)
              .setVersionTemplate(
                  CryptoKeyVersionTemplate.newBuilder()
                      .setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.RSA_DECRYPT_OAEP_2048_SHA256))

              // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
              .setDestroyScheduledDuration(Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(24 * 60 * 60))
              .build();

      // Create the key.
      CryptoKey createdKey = client.createCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);
      System.out.printf("Created asymmetric key %s%n", createdKey.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

要运行此代码，请先设置 Node.js 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK。

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const id = 'my-asymmetric-decrypt-key';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the parent key ring name
const keyRingName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function createKeyAsymmetricDecrypt() {
  const [key] = await client.createCryptoKey({
    parent: keyRingName,
    cryptoKeyId: id,
    cryptoKey: {
      purpose: 'ASYMMETRIC_DECRYPT',
      versionTemplate: {
        algorithm: 'RSA_DECRYPT_OAEP_2048_SHA256',
      },

      // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before
      // destroying.
      destroyScheduledDuration: {seconds: 60 * 60 * 24},
    },
  });

  console.log(`Created asymmetric key: ${key.name}`);
  return key;
}

return createKeyAsymmetricDecrypt();

PHP

要运行此代码，请先了解如何在 Google Cloud 上使用 PHP 并安装 Cloud KMS PHP SDK。

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CreateCryptoKeyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey\CryptoKeyPurpose;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersion\CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
use Google\Protobuf\Duration;

function create_key_asymmetric_decrypt(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $id = 'my-asymmetric-decrypt-key'
): CryptoKey {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the parent key ring name.
    $keyRingName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Build the key.
    $key = (new CryptoKey())
        ->setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose::ASYMMETRIC_DECRYPT)
        ->setVersionTemplate((new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate())
            ->setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm::RSA_DECRYPT_OAEP_2048_SHA256)
        )

        // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
        ->setDestroyScheduledDuration((new Duration())
            ->setSeconds(24 * 60 * 60)
        );

    // Call the API.
    $createCryptoKeyRequest = (new CreateCryptoKeyRequest())
        ->setParent($keyRingName)
        ->setCryptoKeyId($id)
        ->setCryptoKey($key);
    $createdKey = $client->createCryptoKey($createCryptoKeyRequest);
    printf('Created asymmetric decryption key: %s' . PHP_EOL, $createdKey->getName());

    return $createdKey;
}

Python

要运行此代码，请先设置 Python 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Python SDK。

import datetime

# Import the client library.
from google.cloud import kms
from google.protobuf import duration_pb2  # type: ignore


def create_key_asymmetric_decrypt(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str
) -> kms.CryptoKey:
    """
    Creates a new asymmetric decryption key in Cloud KMS.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to create (e.g. 'my-asymmetric-decrypt-key').

    Returns:
        CryptoKey: Cloud KMS key.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the parent key ring name.
    key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id)

    # Build the key.
    purpose = kms.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose.ASYMMETRIC_DECRYPT
    algorithm = (
        kms.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.RSA_DECRYPT_OAEP_2048_SHA256
    )
    key = {
        "purpose": purpose,
        "version_template": {
            "algorithm": algorithm,
        },
        # Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before
        # destroying.
        "destroy_scheduled_duration": duration_pb2.Duration().FromTimedelta(
            datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        ),
    }

    # Call the API.
    created_key = client.create_crypto_key(
        request={"parent": key_ring_name, "crypto_key_id": key_id, "crypto_key": key}
    )
    print(f"Created asymmetric decrypt key: {created_key.name}")
    return created_key

Ruby

要运行此代码，请先设置 Ruby 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK。

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# id          = "my-asymmetric-decrypt-key"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the parent key ring name.
key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Build the key.
key = {
  purpose:          :ASYMMETRIC_DECRYPT,
  version_template: {
    algorithm: :RSA_DECRYPT_OAEP_2048_SHA256
  },

  # Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
  destroy_scheduled_duration: {
    seconds: 24 * 60 * 60
  }
}

# Call the API.
created_key = client.create_crypto_key parent: key_ring_name, crypto_key_id: id, crypto_key: key
puts "Created asymmetric decryption key: #{created_key.name}"

API

这些示例使用 curl 作为 HTTP 客户端来演示如何使用 API。如需详细了解访问权限控制，请参阅访问 Cloud KMS API。

通过调用 CryptoKey.create 创建非对称解密密钥。

curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/keyRings/KEY_RING/cryptoKeys?crypto_key_id=KEY_NAME" \
    --request "POST" \
    --header "authorization: Bearer TOKEN" \
    --header "content-type: application/json" \
    --data '{"purpose": "ASYMMETRIC_DECRYPT", "versionTemplate": {"algorithm": "ALGORITHM"}}'

替换以下内容：

PROJECT_ID：包含密钥环的项目的 ID。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
ALGORITHM：要用于键，例如 RSA_DECRYPT_OAEP_3072_SHA256。有关支持的非对称加密算法，请参阅非对称加密算法。

创建非对称签名密钥

请按照以下步骤在指定的密钥环和位置上创建非对称签名密钥。通过调整这些示例，可指定保护级别或算法。如需了解详情和替代值，请参阅算法和保护级别。

首次创建密钥时，初始密钥版本的状态为 待生成。当状态变为已启用时，您可以使用密钥。如需详细了解密钥版本状态，请参阅密钥版本状态。

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往 Key Management（密钥管理）页面。

前往“密钥管理”
点击您要为其创建密钥的密钥环的名称。
点击创建密钥。
在密钥名称部分，输入密钥的名称。
在保护级别部分，选择软件或 HSM。
对于密钥材料，选择生成的密钥。
对于用途，选择非对称签名。
在算法部分，选择椭圆曲线 P-256 - SHA256 摘要。您可以在未来的密钥版本中更改此值。
点击创建。

gcloud

如需在命令行上使用 Cloud KMS，请先安装或升级到最新版本的 Google Cloud CLI。

gcloud kms keys create KEY_NAME \
    --keyring KEY_RING \
    --location LOCATION \
    --purpose "asymmetric-signing" \
    --default-algorithm "ALGORITHM"

替换以下内容：

KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
ALGORITHM：密钥使用的算法，例如 ec-sign-p256-sha256.有关支持的算法的列表，请参阅非对称算法签名算法）。

如需了解所有标志和可能值，请使用 --help 标志运行命令。

C#

要运行此代码，请先设置 C# 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS C# SDK。


using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;

public class CreateKeyAsymmetricSignSample
{
    public CryptoKey CreateKeyAsymmetricSign(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring",
      string id = "my-asymmetric-signing-key")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the parent key ring name.
        KeyRingName keyRingName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Build the key.
        CryptoKey key = new CryptoKey
        {
            Purpose = CryptoKey.Types.CryptoKeyPurpose.AsymmetricSign,
            VersionTemplate = new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate
            {
                Algorithm = CryptoKeyVersion.Types.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.RsaSignPkcs12048Sha256,
            },

            // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
            DestroyScheduledDuration = new Duration
            {
                Seconds = 24 * 60 * 60,
            }
        };

        // Call the API.
        CryptoKey result = client.CreateCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);

        // Return the result.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

要运行此代码，请先设置 Go 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Go SDK。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
)

// createKeyAsymmetricSign creates a new asymmetric RSA sign/verify key pair
// where the private key is stored in Cloud KMS.
func createKeyAsymmetricSign(w io.Writer, parent, id string) error {
	// parent := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring"
	// id := "my-asymmetric-signing-key"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest{
		Parent:      parent,
		CryptoKeyId: id,
		CryptoKey: &kmspb.CryptoKey{
			Purpose: kmspb.CryptoKey_ASYMMETRIC_SIGN,
			VersionTemplate: &kmspb.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate{
				Algorithm: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_2048_SHA256,
			},

			// Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
			DestroyScheduledDuration: durationpb.New(24 * time.Hour),
		},
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.CreateCryptoKey(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created key: %s\n", result.Name)
	return nil
}

Java

要运行此代码，请先设置 Java 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Java SDK。

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyRingName;
import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateKeyAsymmetricSign {

  public void createKeyAsymmetricSign() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String id = "my-asymmetric-signing-key";
    createKeyAsymmetricSign(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, id);
  }

  // Create a new asymmetric key for the purpose of signing and verifying data.
  public void createKeyAsymmetricSign(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String id) throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the parent name from the project, location, and key ring.
      KeyRingName keyRingName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Build the asymmetric key to create.
      CryptoKey key =
          CryptoKey.newBuilder()
              .setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose.ASYMMETRIC_SIGN)
              .setVersionTemplate(
                  CryptoKeyVersionTemplate.newBuilder()
                      .setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_2048_SHA256))

              // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
              .setDestroyScheduledDuration(Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(24 * 60 * 60))
              .build();

      // Create the key.
      CryptoKey createdKey = client.createCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);
      System.out.printf("Created asymmetric key %s%n", createdKey.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

要运行此代码，请先设置 Node.js 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK。

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const id = 'my-asymmetric-sign-key';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the parent key ring name
const keyRingName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function createKeyAsymmetricSign() {
  const [key] = await client.createCryptoKey({
    parent: keyRingName,
    cryptoKeyId: id,
    cryptoKey: {
      purpose: 'ASYMMETRIC_SIGN',
      versionTemplate: {
        algorithm: 'RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_2048_SHA256',
      },

      // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before
      // destroying.
      destroyScheduledDuration: {seconds: 60 * 60 * 24},
    },
  });

  console.log(`Created asymmetric key: ${key.name}`);
  return key;
}

return createKeyAsymmetricSign();

PHP

要运行此代码，请先了解如何在 Google Cloud 上使用 PHP 并安装 Cloud KMS PHP SDK。

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CreateCryptoKeyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey\CryptoKeyPurpose;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersion\CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
use Google\Protobuf\Duration;

function create_key_asymmetric_sign(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $id = 'my-asymmetric-signing-key'
): CryptoKey {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the parent key ring name.
    $keyRingName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Build the key.
    $key = (new CryptoKey())
        ->setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose::ASYMMETRIC_SIGN)
        ->setVersionTemplate((new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate())
            ->setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm::RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_2048_SHA256)
        )

        // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
        ->setDestroyScheduledDuration((new Duration())
            ->setSeconds(24 * 60 * 60)
        );

    // Call the API.
    $createCryptoKeyRequest = (new CreateCryptoKeyRequest())
        ->setParent($keyRingName)
        ->setCryptoKeyId($id)
        ->setCryptoKey($key);
    $createdKey = $client->createCryptoKey($createCryptoKeyRequest);
    printf('Created asymmetric signing key: %s' . PHP_EOL, $createdKey->getName());

    return $createdKey;
}

Python

要运行此代码，请先设置 Python 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Python SDK。


import datetime

# Import the client library.
from google.cloud import kms
from google.protobuf import duration_pb2  # type: ignore


def create_key_asymmetric_sign(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str
) -> kms.CryptoKey:
    """
    Creates a new asymmetric signing key in Cloud KMS.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to create (e.g. 'my-asymmetric-signing-key').

    Returns:
        CryptoKey: Cloud KMS key.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the parent key ring name.
    key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id)

    # Build the key.
    purpose = kms.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose.ASYMMETRIC_SIGN
    algorithm = (
        kms.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_2048_SHA256
    )
    key = {
        "purpose": purpose,
        "version_template": {
            "algorithm": algorithm,
        },
        # Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before
        # destroying.
        "destroy_scheduled_duration": duration_pb2.Duration().FromTimedelta(
            datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        ),
    }

    # Call the API.
    created_key = client.create_crypto_key(
        request={"parent": key_ring_name, "crypto_key_id": key_id, "crypto_key": key}
    )
    print(f"Created asymmetric signing key: {created_key.name}")
    return created_key

Ruby

要运行此代码，请先设置 Ruby 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK。

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# id          = "my-asymmetric-signing-key"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the parent key ring name.
key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Build the key.
key = {
  purpose:          :ASYMMETRIC_SIGN,
  version_template: {
    algorithm: :RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_2048_SHA256
  },

  # Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
  destroy_scheduled_duration: {
    seconds: 24 * 60 * 60
  }
}

# Call the API.
created_key = client.create_crypto_key parent: key_ring_name, crypto_key_id: id, crypto_key: key
puts "Created asymmetric signing key: #{created_key.name}"

API

这些示例使用 curl 作为 HTTP 客户端来演示如何使用 API。如需详细了解访问权限控制，请参阅访问 Cloud KMS API。

通过调用 CryptoKey.create 创建非对称签名密钥。

curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/keyRings/KEY_RING/cryptoKeys?crypto_key_id=KEY_NAME" \
    --request "POST" \
    --header "authorization: Bearer TOKEN" \
    --header "content-type: application/json" \
    --data '{"purpose": "ASYMMETRIC_SIGN", "versionTemplate": {"algorithm": "ALGORITHM"}}'

替换以下内容：

PROJECT_ID：包含密钥环的项目的 ID。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
ALGORITHM：要用于键，例如 EC_SIGN_P256_SHA256。如需查看支持的请参阅非对称签名算法。

检索公钥

创建非对称密钥时，Cloud KMS 会创建一个密钥对。您可以随时检索已启用的非对称密钥的公钥。时间。

公钥采用隐私权保密增强电子邮件 (PEM) 格式。有关请参阅 RFC 7468 部分常规注意事项和正文公开的文本编码密钥信息。

如需下载现有非对称密钥版本的公钥，请按照以下说明操作步骤：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往 Key Management（密钥管理）页面。

前往“密钥管理”
点击包含您要检索公钥的非对称密钥的密钥环的名称。
点击要检索公钥的密钥的名称。
在与要检索公钥的密钥版本对应的行中，点击查看更多 。
点击获取公钥。
公钥显示在提示中。您可以将公钥复制到剪贴板。要下载公钥，请点击下载。

如果您没有看到获取公钥选项，请验证以下内容：

该密钥是非对称密钥。
密钥版本已启用。
您拥有 cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.viewPublicKey 权限。

从 Google Cloud 控制台下载的公钥的文件名为表单：

KEY_RING-KEY_NAME-KEY_VERSION.pub

文件名的各个部分用连字符分隔，例如 ringname-keyname-version.pub

gcloud

如需在命令行上使用 Cloud KMS，请先安装或升级到最新版本的 Google Cloud CLI。

gcloud kms keys versions get-public-key KEY_VERSION \
    --key KEY_NAME \
    --keyring KEY_RING \
    --location LOCATION \
    --output-file OUTPUT_FILE_PATH

替换以下内容：

KEY_VERSION：密钥版本号。
KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
OUTPUT_FILE_PATH：您要将公钥文件，例如 public-key.pub。

如需了解所有标志和可能值，请使用 --help 标志运行命令。

C#

要运行此代码，请先设置 C# 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS C# SDK。


using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;

public class GetPublicKeySample
{
    public PublicKey GetPublicKey(string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key", string keyVersionId = "123")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the key version name.
        CryptoKeyVersionName keyVersionName = new CryptoKeyVersionName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);

        // Call the API.
        PublicKey result = client.GetPublicKey(keyVersionName);

        // Return the ciphertext.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

要运行此代码，请先设置 Go 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Go SDK。

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/pem"
	"fmt"
	"hash/crc32"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
)

// getPublicKey retrieves the public key from an asymmetric key pair on
// Cloud KMS.
func getPublicKey(w io.Writer, name string) error {
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key/cryptoKeyVersions/123"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest{
		Name: name,
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.GetPublicKey(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get public key: %w", err)
	}

	// The 'Pem' field is the raw string representation of the public key.
	// Convert 'Pem' into bytes for further processing.
	key := []byte(result.Pem)

	// Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on result.
	// For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
	// https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
	crc32c := func(data []byte) uint32 {
		t := crc32.MakeTable(crc32.Castagnoli)
		return crc32.Checksum(data, t)
	}
	if int64(crc32c(key)) != result.PemCrc32C.Value {
		return fmt.Errorf("getPublicKey: response corrupted in-transit")
	}

	// Optional - parse the public key. This transforms the string key into a Go
	// PublicKey.
	block, _ := pem.Decode(key)
	publicKey, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(block.Bytes)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse public key: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Retrieved public key: %v\n", publicKey)
	return nil
}

Java

要运行此代码，请先设置 Java 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Java SDK。

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.PublicKey;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;

public class GetPublicKey {

  public void getPublicKey() throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    String keyVersionId = "123";
    getPublicKey(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);
  }

  // Get the public key associated with an asymmetric key.
  public void getPublicKey(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId, String keyVersionId)
      throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyVersionName keyVersionName =
          CryptoKeyVersionName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);

      // Get the public key.
      PublicKey publicKey = client.getPublicKey(keyVersionName);
      System.out.printf("Public key: %s%n", publicKey.getPem());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

要运行此代码，请先设置 Node.js 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK。

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the key version name
const versionName = client.cryptoKeyVersionPath(
  projectId,
  locationId,
  keyRingId,
  keyId,
  versionId
);

async function getPublicKey() {
  const [publicKey] = await client.getPublicKey({
    name: versionName,
  });

  // Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on publicKey.
  // For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
  // https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
  const crc32c = require('fast-crc32c');
  if (publicKey.name !== versionName) {
    throw new Error('GetPublicKey: request corrupted in-transit');
  }
  if (crc32c.calculate(publicKey.pem) !== Number(publicKey.pemCrc32c.value)) {
    throw new Error('GetPublicKey: response corrupted in-transit');
  }

  console.log(`Public key pem: ${publicKey.pem}`);

  return publicKey;
}

return getPublicKey();

PHP

要运行此代码，请先了解如何在 Google Cloud 上使用 PHP 并安装 Cloud KMS PHP SDK。

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\GetPublicKeyRequest;

function get_public_key(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key',
    string $versionId = '123'
) {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the key version name.
    $keyVersionName = $client->cryptoKeyVersionName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId, $versionId);

    // Call the API.
    $getPublicKeyRequest = (new GetPublicKeyRequest())
        ->setName($keyVersionName);
    $publicKey = $client->getPublicKey($getPublicKeyRequest);
    printf('Public key: %s' . PHP_EOL, $publicKey->getPem());

    return $publicKey;
}

Python

要运行此代码，请先设置 Python 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Python SDK。

from google.cloud import kms


def get_public_key(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str, version_id: str
) -> kms.PublicKey:
    """
    Get the public key for an asymmetric key.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').
        version_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. '1').

    Returns:
        PublicKey: Cloud KMS public key response.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the key version name.
    key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path(
        project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, version_id
    )

    # Call the API.
    public_key = client.get_public_key(request={"name": key_version_name})

    # Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on public_key.
    # For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
    # https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
    if not public_key.name == key_version_name:
        raise Exception("The request sent to the server was corrupted in-transit.")
    # See crc32c() function defined below.
    if not public_key.pem_crc32c == crc32c(public_key.pem.encode("utf-8")):
        raise Exception(
            "The response received from the server was corrupted in-transit."
        )
    # End integrity verification

    print(f"Public key: {public_key.pem}")
    return public_key


def crc32c(data: bytes) -> int:
    """
    Calculates the CRC32C checksum of the provided data.
    Args:
        data: the bytes over which the checksum should be calculated.
    Returns:
        An int representing the CRC32C checksum of the provided bytes.
    """
    import crcmod  # type: ignore

    crc32c_fun = crcmod.predefined.mkPredefinedCrcFun("crc-32c")
    return crc32c_fun(data)

Ruby

要运行此代码，请先设置 Ruby 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK。

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"
# version_id  = "123"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the key version name.
key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path project:            project_id,
                                                  location:           location_id,
                                                  key_ring:           key_ring_id,
                                                  crypto_key:         key_id,
                                                  crypto_key_version: version_id

# Call the API.
public_key = client.get_public_key name: key_version_name
puts "Public key: #{public_key.pem}"

API

这些示例使用 curl 作为 HTTP 客户端来演示如何使用 API。如需详细了解访问权限控制，请参阅访问 Cloud KMS API。

通过调用 CryptoKeyVersions.getPublicKey 方法检索公钥。

curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/keyRings/KEY_RING/cryptoKeys/KEY_NAME/cryptoKeyVersions/KEY_VERSION/publicKey" \
    --request "GET" \
    --header "authorization: Bearer TOKEN"

替换以下内容：

PROJECT_ID：包含密钥环的项目的 ID。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
KEY_VERSION：密钥版本号。

输出应类似如下所示：

{
  "pem": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nQ29uZ3JhdHVsYXRpb25zLCB5b3UndmUgZGlzY292ZX
          JlZCB0aGF0IHRoaXMgaXNuJ3QgYWN0dWFsbHkgYSBwdWJsaWMga2V5ISBIYXZlIGEgbmlj
          ZSBkYXkgOik=\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
  "algorithm": "ALGORITHM",
  "pemCrc32c": "2561089887",
  "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/keyRings/
           KEY_RING/cryptoKeys/KEY_NAME/cryptoKeyVersions/
           KEY_VERSION",
  "protectionLevel": "SOFTWARE"
}

将公钥转换为 JWK 格式

Cloud KMS 允许您检索 PEM 格式的公钥。某些应用可能需要其他密钥格式，例如 JSON 网络密钥 (JWK)。如需详细了解 JWK 格式，请参阅 RFC 7517。

如需将公钥转换为 JWK 格式，请按以下步骤操作：

Go

要运行此代码，请先设置 Go 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Go SDK。

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/json"
	"encoding/pem"
	"fmt"
	"hash/crc32"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwk"
)

// getPublicKeyJwk retrieves the public key from an asymmetric key pair on Cloud KMS.
func getPublicKeyJwk(w io.Writer, cryptoKeyVersionName string) error {
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key/cryptoKeyVersions/123"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest{
		Name: cryptoKeyVersionName,
	}

	// Call the API to get the public key.
	result, err := client.GetPublicKey(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get public key: %w", err)
	}

	// The 'Pem' field is the raw string representation of the public key.
	// Convert 'Pem' into bytes for further processing.
	key := []byte(result.Pem)

	// Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on result.
	// For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
	// https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
	crc32c := func(data []byte) uint32 {
		t := crc32.MakeTable(crc32.Castagnoli)
		return crc32.Checksum(data, t)
	}
	if int64(crc32c(key)) != result.PemCrc32C.Value {
		return fmt.Errorf("getPublicKey: response corrupted in-transit")
	}

	// Optional - parse the public key.
	// This transforms the string key into a Go PublicKey.
	block, _ := pem.Decode(key)
	_, err = x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(block.Bytes)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse public key: %w", err)
	}

	// If all above checks pass, convert it into JWK format.
	jwkKey, err := jwk.ParseKey(key, jwk.WithPEM(true))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Failed to parse the PEM public key: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "The public key in JWK format: ")
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(jwkKey)
	return nil
}

Java

要运行此代码，请先设置 Java 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Java SDK。

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.PublicKey;
// NOTE: The library nimbusds is NOT endorsed for anything beyond conversion to JWK.
import com.nimbusds.jose.JOSEException;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.JWK;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;

public class ConvertPublicKeyToJwk {

  public void convertPublicKey() throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException, JOSEException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    String keyVersionId = "123";
    convertPublicKey(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);
  }

  // (Get and) Convert the public key associated with an asymmetric key.
  public void convertPublicKey(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId, String keyVersionId)
      throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException, JOSEException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyVersionName keyVersionName =
          CryptoKeyVersionName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, keyVersionId);

      // Get the public key and convert it to JWK format.
      PublicKey publicKey = client.getPublicKey(keyVersionName);
      JWK jwk = JWK.parseFromPEMEncodedObjects(publicKey.getPem());
      System.out.println(jwk.toJSONString());
    }
  }
}

Python

要运行此代码，请先设置 Python 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Python SDK。

from google.cloud import kms
from jwcrypto import jwk


def get_public_key_jwk(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str, version_id: str
) -> kms.PublicKey:
    """
    Get the public key of an asymmetric key in JWK format.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').
        version_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. '1').

    Returns:
        PublicKey: Cloud KMS public key response.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the key version name.
    key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path(
        project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, version_id
    )

    # Call the API.
    public_key = client.get_public_key(request={"name": key_version_name})

    # Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on public_key.
    # For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
    # https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
    if not public_key.name == key_version_name:
        raise Exception("The request sent to the server was corrupted in-transit.")
    # See crc32c() function defined below.
    if not public_key.pem_crc32c == crc32c(public_key.pem.encode("utf-8")):
        raise Exception(
            "The response received from the server was corrupted in-transit."
        )
    # End integrity verification

    # Convert to JWK format.
    jwk_key = jwk.JWK.from_pem(public_key.pem.encode())
    return jwk_key.export(private_key=False)


def crc32c(data: bytes) -> int:
    """
    Calculates the CRC32C checksum of the provided data.
    Args:
        data: the bytes over which the checksum should be calculated.
    Returns:
        An int representing the CRC32C checksum of the provided bytes.
    """
    import crcmod  # type: ignore

    crc32c_fun = crcmod.predefined.mkPredefinedCrcFun("crc-32c")
    return crc32c_fun(data)

控制对非对称密钥的访问权限

签名者或验证者需要对非对称密钥具有适当的权限或角色。

对于将执行签名的用户或服务，授予对非对称密钥的 cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.useToSign 权限。
对于将检索公钥的用户或服务，授予对非对称密钥的 cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.viewPublicKey 权限。进行签名验证时需要公钥。

如需了解 Cloud KMS 版本中的权限和角色，请访问：权限和角色。

创建 MAC 签名密钥

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往 Key Management（密钥管理）页面。

前往“密钥管理”
点击您要为其创建密钥的密钥环的名称。
点击创建密钥。
在密钥名称部分，输入密钥的名称。
对于保护级别，选择软件或 HSM。
对于密钥材料，选择生成的密钥。
对于用途，请选择 MAC 签名/验证。
可选：对于算法，请选择 HMAC 签名算法。
点击创建。

gcloud

如需在命令行上使用 Cloud KMS，请先安装或升级到最新版本的 Google Cloud CLI。

gcloud kms keys create KEY_NAME \
    --keyring KEY_RING \
    --location LOCATION \
    --purpose "mac" \
    --default-algorithm "ALGORITHM" \
    --protection-level "PROTECTION_LEVEL"

替换以下内容：

KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
ALGORITHM：HMAC 签名算法。例如， hmac-sha256.如需查看所有支持的 HMAC 算法，请参阅 HMAC 签名算法。
PROTECTION_LEVEL：密钥的保护级别，适用于示例：hsm。您可以省略 software 的 --protection-level 标志键。

如需了解所有标志和可能值，请使用 --help 标志运行命令。

C#

要运行此代码，请先设置 C# 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS C# SDK。


using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;

public class CreateKeyMacSample
{
    public CryptoKey CreateKeyMac(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring",
      string id = "my-mac-key")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the parent key ring name.
        KeyRingName keyRingName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Build the key.
        CryptoKey key = new CryptoKey
        {
            Purpose = CryptoKey.Types.CryptoKeyPurpose.Mac,
            VersionTemplate = new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate
            {
                Algorithm = CryptoKeyVersion.Types.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.HmacSha256,
            },

            // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
            DestroyScheduledDuration = new Duration
            {
                Seconds = 24 * 60 * 60,
            }
        };

        // Call the API.
        CryptoKey result = client.CreateCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);

        // Return the result.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

要运行此代码，请先设置 Go 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Go SDK。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
)

// createKeyMac creates a new key for use with MacSign.
func createKeyMac(w io.Writer, parent, id string) error {
	// parent := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring"
	// id := "my-mac-key"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest{
		Parent:      parent,
		CryptoKeyId: id,
		CryptoKey: &kmspb.CryptoKey{
			Purpose: kmspb.CryptoKey_MAC,
			VersionTemplate: &kmspb.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate{
				Algorithm: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_HMAC_SHA256,
			},

			// Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
			DestroyScheduledDuration: durationpb.New(24 * time.Hour),
		},
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.CreateCryptoKey(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created key: %s\n", result.Name)
	return nil
}

Java

要运行此代码，请先设置 Java 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Java SDK。

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyRingName;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateKeyMac {

  public void createKeyMac() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String id = "my-mac-key";
    createKeyMac(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, id);
  }

  // Create a new key for use with MacSign.
  public void createKeyMac(String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String id)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the parent name from the project, location, and key ring.
      KeyRingName keyRingName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Build the mac key to create.
      CryptoKey key =
          CryptoKey.newBuilder()
              .setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose.MAC)
              .setVersionTemplate(
                  CryptoKeyVersionTemplate.newBuilder()
                      .setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.HMAC_SHA256))
              .build();

      // Create the key.
      CryptoKey createdKey = client.createCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);
      System.out.printf("Created mac key %s%n", createdKey.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

要运行此代码，请先设置 Node.js 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK。

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const id = 'my-mac-key';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the parent key ring name
const keyRingName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function createKeyMac() {
  const [key] = await client.createCryptoKey({
    parent: keyRingName,
    cryptoKeyId: id,
    cryptoKey: {
      purpose: 'MAC',
      versionTemplate: {
        algorithm: 'HMAC_SHA256',
      },

      // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before
      // destroying.
      destroyScheduledDuration: {seconds: 60 * 60 * 24},
    },
  });

  console.log(`Created mac key: ${key.name}`);
  return key;
}

return createKeyMac();

PHP

要运行此代码，请先了解如何在 Google Cloud 上使用 PHP 并安装 Cloud KMS PHP SDK。

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CreateCryptoKeyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey\CryptoKeyPurpose;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersion\CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
use Google\Protobuf\Duration;

function create_key_mac(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $id = 'my-mac-key'
): CryptoKey {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the parent key ring name.
    $keyRingName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Build the key.
    $key = (new CryptoKey())
        ->setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose::MAC)
        ->setVersionTemplate((new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate())
            ->setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm::HMAC_SHA256)
        )

        // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
        ->setDestroyScheduledDuration((new Duration())
            ->setSeconds(24 * 60 * 60)
        );

    // Call the API.
    $createCryptoKeyRequest = (new CreateCryptoKeyRequest())
        ->setParent($keyRingName)
        ->setCryptoKeyId($id)
        ->setCryptoKey($key);
    $createdKey = $client->createCryptoKey($createCryptoKeyRequest);
    printf('Created mac key: %s' . PHP_EOL, $createdKey->getName());

    return $createdKey;
}

Python

要运行此代码，请先设置 Python 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Python SDK。


import datetime

from google.cloud import kms
from google.protobuf import duration_pb2  # type: ignore


def create_key_mac(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str
) -> kms.CryptoKey:
    """
    Creates a new key in Cloud KMS for HMAC operations.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to create (e.g. 'my-mac-key').

    Returns:
        CryptoKey: Cloud KMS key.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the parent key ring name.
    key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id)

    # Build the key.
    purpose = kms.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose.MAC
    algorithm = kms.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.HMAC_SHA256
    key = {
        "purpose": purpose,
        "version_template": {
            "algorithm": algorithm,
        },
        # Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before
        # destroying.
        "destroy_scheduled_duration": duration_pb2.Duration().FromTimedelta(
            datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        ),
    }

    # Call the API.
    created_key = client.create_crypto_key(
        request={"parent": key_ring_name, "crypto_key_id": key_id, "crypto_key": key}
    )
    print(f"Created mac key: {created_key.name}")
    return created_key

Ruby

要运行此代码，请先设置 Ruby 开发环境并安装 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK。

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# id          = "my-mac-key"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the parent key ring name.
key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Build the key.
key = {
  purpose:          :MAC,
  version_template: {
    algorithm: :HMAC_SHA256
  }
}

# Call the API.
created_key = client.create_crypto_key parent: key_ring_name, crypto_key_id: id, crypto_key: key
puts "Created mac key: #{created_key.name}"

API

这些示例使用 curl 作为 HTTP 客户端来演示如何使用 API。如需详细了解访问权限控制，请参阅访问 Cloud KMS API。

如需创建密钥，请使用 CryptoKey.create 方法：

curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/keyRings/KEY_RING/cryptoKeys?crypto_key_id=KEY_NAME" \
    --request "POST" \
    --header "authorization: Bearer TOKEN" \
    --header "content-type: application/json" \
    --data '{"purpose": "MAC", "versionTemplate": { "protectionLevel": "PROTECTION_LEVEL", "algorithm": "ALGORITHM" }}'

替换以下内容：

PROJECT_ID：包含密钥环的项目的 ID。
LOCATION：密钥环的 Cloud KMS 位置。
KEY_RING：包含密钥的密钥环的名称。
KEY_NAME：密钥的名称。
PROTECTION_LEVEL：密钥的保护级别，例如 SOFTWARE 或 HSM。
ALGORITHM：HMAC 签名算法，例如 HMAC_SHA256。如需查看所有支持的 HMAC 算法，请参阅 HMAC 签名算法。

后续步骤

了解密钥轮替。
了解如何创建和验证签名。
了解如何使用 RSA 加密和解密数据键。
了解如何检索公钥。

创建密钥

准备工作

gcloud CLI

所需的角色

所需权限

创建对称加密密钥

控制台

gcloud

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

API

创建具有自定义自动轮替的对称加密密钥

控制台

gcloud

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

API

设置“已安排销毁”的持续时间州/省/自治区/直辖市

控制台

gcloud

创建非对称密钥

创建非对称解密密钥

控制台

gcloud

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

API

创建非对称签名密钥

控制台

gcloud

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

API

检索公钥

控制台

gcloud

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

API

将公钥转换为 JWK 格式

Go

Java

Python

控制对非对称密钥的访问权限

创建 MAC 签名密钥

控制台

gcloud

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

API