使用客户端库授予角色

了解如何以您喜爱的编程语言开始使用 Resource Manager API 中的 IAM 方法。

---

如需在 Google Cloud 控制台中直接遵循有关此任务的分步指导，请点击操作演示：

操作演示

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准备工作

创建 Google Cloud 项目

在此快速入门中，您需要一个新的 Google Cloud 项目。

警告：如果您使用现有项目，则完成此快速入门后，部分用户将暂时能够访问该项目中的资源。

1. 登录您的 Google Cloud 帐号。如果您是 Google Cloud 新手，请创建一个帐号来评估我们的产品在实际场景中的表现。新客户还可获享 $300 赠金，用于运行、测试和部署工作负载。
2. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。

3. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

   gcloud init

4. 创建或选择 Google Cloud 项目。

   注意：如果您不打算保留在此过程中创建的资源，请创建新的项目，而不要选择现有的项目。完成本教程介绍的步骤后，您可以删除所创建的项目，并移除与该项目关联的所有资源。

   • 创建 Cloud 项目：

     gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

   • 选择您创建的 Cloud 项目：

     gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

5. Enable the Resource Manager API:

   gcloud services enable cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com

6. 为您的 Google 帐号创建身份验证凭据：

   gcloud auth application-default login

7. 向您的 Google 帐号授予角色。对以下每个 IAM 角色运行以下命令一次： roles/resourcemanager.projectIamAdmin

   gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:EMAIL_ADDRESS" --role=ROLE

   • 将 PROJECT_ID 替换为您的项目 ID。
   • 将 EMAIL_ADDRESS 替换为您的电子邮件地址。
   • 将 ROLE 替换为每个角色。
8. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。

9. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

   gcloud init

10. 创建或选择 Google Cloud 项目。

    注意：如果您不打算保留在此过程中创建的资源，请创建新的项目，而不要选择现有的项目。完成本教程介绍的步骤后，您可以删除所创建的项目，并移除与该项目关联的所有资源。

    • 创建 Cloud 项目：

      gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

    • 选择您创建的 Cloud 项目：

      gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

11. Enable the Resource Manager API:

    gcloud services enable cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com

12. 为您的 Google 帐号创建身份验证凭据：

    gcloud auth application-default login

13. 向您的 Google 帐号授予角色。对以下每个 IAM 角色运行以下命令一次： roles/resourcemanager.projectIamAdmin

    gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:EMAIL_ADDRESS" --role=ROLE

    • 将 PROJECT_ID 替换为您的项目 ID。
    • 将 EMAIL_ADDRESS 替换为您的电子邮件地址。
    • 将 ROLE 替换为每个角色。

安装客户端库

C#

如需详细了解如何设置 C# 开发环境，请参阅 C# 开发环境设置指南。

install-package Google.Apis.Iam.v1
install-package Google.Apis.CloudResourceManager.v1

Go

go get golang.org/x/oauth2/google
go get google.golang.org/api/cloudresourcemanager/v1

Java

如需详细了解如何设置 Java 开发环境，请参阅 Java 开发环境设置指南。

如果您使用的是 Maven，请将其添加到您的 pom.xml 文件中。

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.apis</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-api-services-cloudresourcemanager</artifactId>
  <version>v3-rev20211107-1.32.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.auth</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-auth-library-oauth2-http</artifactId>
  <version>1.15.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.http-client</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-http-client-jackson2</artifactId>
  <version>1.42.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.apis</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-api-services-iam</artifactId>
  <version>v1-rev20221013-2.0.0</version>
</dependency>

Python

如需详细了解如何设置 Python 开发环境，请参阅 Python 开发环境设置指南。

pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client google-auth google-auth-httplib2

读取、修改和写入允许政策

本快速入门中的代码段会执行以下操作：

• 初始化用于管理 Google Cloud 项目的 Resource Manager 服务。
• 读取项目的允许政策。
• 通过将 Log Writer 角色 (roles/logging.logWriter) 授予您的 Google 帐号来修改允许政策。
• 写入更新后的允许政策。
• 输出项目级层具有 Log Writer 角色 (roles/logging.logWriter) 的所有主帐号。
• 撤消 Log Writer 角色。

在运行代码段之前替换以下值：

• your-project：您的项目的 ID。
• your-member：您的 Google 帐号的电子邮件地址和前缀 user: 的组合。例如 user:[e-mail]。

注意：以下代码段通过获取、修改和设置项目的允许政策来修改访问权限。如需详细了解允许政策，请参阅 IAM 概览。

C#

如需了解如何安装和使用 Resource Manager 客户端库，请参阅 Resource Manager 客户端库。如需了解详情，请参阅 Resource Manager C# API 参考文档。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

using Google.Apis.Auth.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.CloudResourceManager.v1;
using Google.Apis.CloudResourceManager.v1.Data;
using Google.Apis.Iam.v1;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class QuickStart
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // TODO: Replace with your project ID
        var projectId = "your-project";
        // TODO: Replace with the ID of your member in the form "user:[e-mail]"
        var member = "your-member";
        // Role to be granted
        var role = "roles/logging.logWriter";

        // Initialize service
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService = InitializeService();

        // Grant your member the "Log Writer" role for your project
        AddBinding(crmService, projectId, member, role);

        // Get the project's policy and print all members with the the "Log Writer" role
        var policy = GetPolicy(crmService, projectId);
        var binding = policy.Bindings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Role == role);
        Console.WriteLine("Role: " + binding.Role);
        Console.Write("Members: ");
        foreach (var m in binding.Members)
        {
            Console.Write("[" + m + "] ");
        }
        Console.WriteLine();

        // Remove member from the "Log Writer" role
        RemoveMember(crmService, projectId, member, role);
    }

    public static CloudResourceManagerService InitializeService()
    {
        // Get credentials
        var credential = GoogleCredential.GetApplicationDefault()
            .CreateScoped(IamService.Scope.CloudPlatform);

        // Create the Cloud Resource Manager service object
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService = new CloudResourceManagerService(
            new CloudResourceManagerService.Initializer
            {
                HttpClientInitializer = credential
            });

        return crmService;
    }

    public static Policy GetPolicy(CloudResourceManagerService crmService, String projectId)
    {
        // Get the project's policy by calling the
        // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API
        var policy = crmService.Projects.GetIamPolicy(
            new GetIamPolicyRequest(),
            projectId).Execute();
        return policy;
    }

    public static void SetPolicy(CloudResourceManagerService crmService, String projectId, Policy policy)
    {
        // Set the project's policy by calling the
        // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API
        crmService.Projects.SetIamPolicy(
           new SetIamPolicyRequest
           {
               Policy = policy
           }, projectId).Execute();
    }

    public static void AddBinding(
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService,
        string projectId,
        string member,
        string role)
    {
        // Get the project's policy
        var policy = GetPolicy(crmService, projectId);

        // Find binding in policy
        var binding = policy.Bindings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Role == role);

        // If binding already exists, add member to binding
        if (binding != null)
        {
            binding.Members.Add(member);
        }
        // If binding does not exist, add binding to policy
        else
        {
            binding = new Binding
            {
                Role = role,
                Members = new List<string> { member }
            };
            policy.Bindings.Add(binding);
        }

        // Set the updated policy
        SetPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
    }

    public static void RemoveMember(
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService,
        string projectId,
        string member,
        string role)
    {
        // Get the project's policy
        var policy = GetPolicy(crmService, projectId);

        // Remove the member from the role
        var binding = policy.Bindings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Role == role);
        if (binding == null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Role does not exist in policy.");
        }
        else
        {
            if (binding.Members.Contains(member))
            {
                binding.Members.Remove(member);
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("The member has not been granted this role.");
            }

            if (binding.Members.Count == 0)
            {
                policy.Bindings.Remove(binding);
            }
        }

        // Set the updated policy
        SetPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
    }
}

Go

如需了解如何安装和使用 Resource Manager 客户端库，请参阅 Resource Manager 客户端库。如需了解详情，请参阅 Resource Manager Go API 参考文档。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

package main

import (
	"context"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"google.golang.org/api/cloudresourcemanager/v1"
)

func main() {
	// TODO: Add your project ID
	projectID := flag.String("project_id", "", "Cloud Project ID")
	// TODO: Add the ID of your member in the form "user:[e-mail]"
	member := flag.String("member_id", "", "Your member ID")
	flag.Parse()

	// The role to be granted
	var role string = "roles/logging.logWriter"

	// Initializes the Cloud Resource Manager service
	ctx := context.Background()
	crmService, err := cloudresourcemanager.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("cloudresourcemanager.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	// Grants your member the "Log writer" role for your project
	addBinding(crmService, *projectID, *member, role)

	// Gets the project's policy and prints all members with the "Log Writer" role
	policy := getPolicy(crmService, *projectID)
	// Find the policy binding for role. Only one binding can have the role.
	var binding *cloudresourcemanager.Binding
	for _, b := range policy.Bindings {
		if b.Role == role {
			binding = b
			break
		}
	}
	fmt.Println("Role: ", binding.Role)
	fmt.Print("Members: ", strings.Join(binding.Members, ", "))

	// Removes member from the "Log writer" role
	removeMember(crmService, *projectID, *member, role)

}

// addBinding adds the member to the project's IAM policy
func addBinding(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID, member, role string) {

	policy := getPolicy(crmService, projectID)

	// Find the policy binding for role. Only one binding can have the role.
	var binding *cloudresourcemanager.Binding
	for _, b := range policy.Bindings {
		if b.Role == role {
			binding = b
			break
		}
	}

	if binding != nil {
		// If the binding exists, adds the member to the binding
		binding.Members = append(binding.Members, member)
	} else {
		// If the binding does not exist, adds a new binding to the policy
		binding = &cloudresourcemanager.Binding{
			Role:    role,
			Members: []string{member},
		}
		policy.Bindings = append(policy.Bindings, binding)
	}

	setPolicy(crmService, projectID, policy)

}

// removeMember removes the member from the project's IAM policy
func removeMember(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID, member, role string) {

	policy := getPolicy(crmService, projectID)

	// Find the policy binding for role. Only one binding can have the role.
	var binding *cloudresourcemanager.Binding
	var bindingIndex int
	for i, b := range policy.Bindings {
		if b.Role == role {
			binding = b
			bindingIndex = i
			break
		}
	}

	// Order doesn't matter for bindings or members, so to remove, move the last item
	// into the removed spot and shrink the slice.
	if len(binding.Members) == 1 {
		// If the member is the only member in the binding, removes the binding
		last := len(policy.Bindings) - 1
		policy.Bindings[bindingIndex] = policy.Bindings[last]
		policy.Bindings = policy.Bindings[:last]
	} else {
		// If there is more than one member in the binding, removes the member
		var memberIndex int
		for i, mm := range binding.Members {
			if mm == member {
				memberIndex = i
			}
		}
		last := len(policy.Bindings[bindingIndex].Members) - 1
		binding.Members[memberIndex] = binding.Members[last]
		binding.Members = binding.Members[:last]
	}

	setPolicy(crmService, projectID, policy)

}

// getPolicy gets the project's IAM policy
func getPolicy(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID string) *cloudresourcemanager.Policy {

	ctx := context.Background()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10)
	defer cancel()
	request := new(cloudresourcemanager.GetIamPolicyRequest)
	policy, err := crmService.Projects.GetIamPolicy(projectID, request).Do()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Projects.GetIamPolicy: %v", err)
	}

	return policy
}

// setPolicy sets the project's IAM policy
func setPolicy(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID string, policy *cloudresourcemanager.Policy) {

	ctx := context.Background()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10)
	defer cancel()
	request := new(cloudresourcemanager.SetIamPolicyRequest)
	request.Policy = policy
	policy, err := crmService.Projects.SetIamPolicy(projectID, request).Do()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Projects.SetIamPolicy: %v", err)
	}
}

Java

如需了解如何安装和使用 Resource Manager 客户端库，请参阅 Resource Manager 客户端库。如需了解详情，请参阅 Resource Manager Java API 参考文档。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

import com.google.api.client.googleapis.javanet.GoogleNetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.v3.CloudResourceManager;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.v3.model.Binding;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.v3.model.GetIamPolicyRequest;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.v3.model.Policy;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.v3.model.SetIamPolicyRequest;
import com.google.api.services.iam.v1.IamScopes;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class Quickstart {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO: Replace with your project ID in the form "projects/your-project-id".
    String projectId = "your-project";
    // TODO: Replace with the ID of your member in the form "user:[e-mail]"
    String member = "your-member";
    // The role to be granted.
    String role = "roles/logging.logWriter";

    // Initializes the Cloud Resource Manager service.
    CloudResourceManager crmService = null;
    try {
      crmService = initializeService();
    } catch (IOException | GeneralSecurityException e) {
      System.out.println("Unable to initialize service: \n" + e.getMessage() + e.getStackTrace());
    }

    // Grants your member the "Log writer" role for your project.
    addBinding(crmService, projectId, member, role);

    // Get the project's policy and print all members with the "Log Writer" role
    Policy policy = getPolicy(crmService, projectId);
    Binding binding = null;
    List<Binding> bindings = policy.getBindings();
    for (Binding b : bindings) {
      if (b.getRole().equals(role)) {
        binding = b;
        break;
      }
    }
    System.out.println("Role: " + binding.getRole());
    System.out.print("Members: ");
    for (String m : binding.getMembers()) {
      System.out.print("[" + m + "] ");
    }
    System.out.println();

    // Removes member from the "Log writer" role.
    removeMember(crmService, projectId, member, role);
  }

  public static CloudResourceManager initializeService()
      throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
    // Use the Application Default Credentials strategy for authentication. For more info, see:
    // https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production#finding_credentials_automatically
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(IamScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    // Creates the Cloud Resource Manager service object.
    CloudResourceManager service =
        new CloudResourceManager.Builder(
                GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport(),
                JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
                new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credential))
            .setApplicationName("iam-quickstart")
            .build();
    return service;
  }

  public static void addBinding(
      CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId, String member, String role) {

    // Gets the project's policy.
    Policy policy = getPolicy(crmService, projectId);

    // Finds binding in policy, if it exists
    Binding binding = null;
    for (Binding b : policy.getBindings()) {
      if (b.getRole().equals(role)) {
        binding = b;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (binding != null) {
      // If binding already exists, adds member to binding.
      binding.getMembers().add(member);
    } else {
      // If binding does not exist, adds binding to policy.
      binding = new Binding();
      binding.setRole(role);
      binding.setMembers(Collections.singletonList(member));
      policy.getBindings().add(binding);
    }

    // Sets the updated policy
    setPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
  }

  public static void removeMember(
      CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId, String member, String role) {
    // Gets the project's policy.
    Policy policy = getPolicy(crmService, projectId);

    // Removes the member from the role.
    Binding binding = null;
    for (Binding b : policy.getBindings()) {
      if (b.getRole().equals(role)) {
        binding = b;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (binding.getMembers().contains(member)) {
      binding.getMembers().remove(member);
      if (binding.getMembers().isEmpty()) {
        policy.getBindings().remove(binding);
      }
    }

    // Sets the updated policy.
    setPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
  }

  public static Policy getPolicy(CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId) {
    // Gets the project's policy by calling the
    // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API.
    Policy policy = null;
    try {
      GetIamPolicyRequest request = new GetIamPolicyRequest();
      policy = crmService.projects().getIamPolicy(projectId, request).execute();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Unable to get policy: \n" + e.getMessage() + e.getStackTrace());
    }
    return policy;
  }

  private static void setPolicy(CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId, Policy policy) {
    // Sets the project's policy by calling the
    // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API.
    try {
      SetIamPolicyRequest request = new SetIamPolicyRequest();
      request.setPolicy(policy);
      crmService.projects().setIamPolicy(projectId, request).execute();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Unable to set policy: \n" + e.getMessage() + e.getStackTrace());
    }
  }
}

Python

如需了解如何安装和使用 Resource Manager 客户端库，请参阅 Resource Manager 客户端库。如需了解详情，请参阅 Resource Manager Python API 参考文档。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

import google.auth
import googleapiclient.discovery

def quickstart(project_id, member):
    """Gets a policy, adds a member, prints their permissions, and removes the member."""

    # Role to be granted.
    role = "roles/logging.logWriter"

    # Initializes service.
    crm_service = initialize_service()

    # Grants your member the 'Log Writer' role for the project.
    modify_policy_add_role(crm_service, project_id, role, member)

    # Gets the project's policy and prints all members with the 'Log Writer' role.
    policy = get_policy(crm_service, project_id)
    binding = next(b for b in policy["bindings"] if b["role"] == role)
    print(f'Role: {(binding["role"])}')
    print("Members: ")
    for m in binding["members"]:
        print(f"[{m}]")

    # Removes the member from the 'Log Writer' role.
    modify_policy_remove_member(crm_service, project_id, role, member)

def initialize_service():
    """Initializes a Cloud Resource Manager service."""

    credentials, _ = google.auth.default(
        scopes=["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    crm_service = googleapiclient.discovery.build(
        "cloudresourcemanager", "v1", credentials=credentials
    )
    return crm_service

def modify_policy_add_role(crm_service, project_id, role, member):
    """Adds a new role binding to a policy."""

    policy = get_policy(crm_service, project_id)

    binding = None
    for b in policy["bindings"]:
        if b["role"] == role:
            binding = b
            break
    if binding is not None:
        binding["members"].append(member)
    else:
        binding = {"role": role, "members": [member]}
        policy["bindings"].append(binding)

    set_policy(crm_service, project_id, policy)

def modify_policy_remove_member(crm_service, project_id, role, member):
    """Removes a  member from a role binding."""

    policy = get_policy(crm_service, project_id)

    binding = next(b for b in policy["bindings"] if b["role"] == role)
    if "members" in binding and member in binding["members"]:
        binding["members"].remove(member)

    set_policy(crm_service, project_id, policy)

def get_policy(crm_service, project_id, version=3):
    """Gets IAM policy for a project."""

    policy = (
        crm_service.projects()
        .getIamPolicy(
            resource=project_id,
            body={"options": {"requestedPolicyVersion": version}},
        )
        .execute()
    )
    return policy

def set_policy(crm_service, project_id, policy):
    """Sets IAM policy for a project."""

    policy = (
        crm_service.projects()
        .setIamPolicy(resource=project_id, body={"policy": policy})
        .execute()
    )
    return policy

if __name__ == "__main__":

    # TODO: replace with your project ID
    project_id = "your-project-id"
    # TODO: Replace with the ID of your member in the form 'user:[e-mail]'.
    member = "your-member"
    quickstart(project_id, member)

恭喜！您使用了 Resource Manager API 中的 IAM 方法来修改项目的访问权限。

结果怎么样？

成功了！

太棒了！ 您对本快速入门有何看法？我们可以在哪些方面做出改进？ 欢迎提供您的意见！

遇到了问题！

我们对此深表遗憾。 请告诉我们您遇到了什么问题。我们会予以修正。

清理

1. 可选：撤消您创建的身份验证凭据，并删除本地凭据文件。

   gcloud auth application-default revoke

2. 可选：从 gcloud CLI 撤消凭据。

   gcloud auth revoke

后续步骤

• 了解 IAM 的工作原理。
• 详细了解如何授予、更改和撤消访问权限。
• 使用政策问题排查工具排查访问权限问题。