Transitioning from Container Registry

Artifact Registry is the recommended service for container image storage and management on Google Cloud. As a fully-managed service with support for both container images and non-container artifacts, Artifact Registry extends the capabilities of Container Registry.

If you currently use Container Registry, use the information on this page to learn about transitioning to Artifact Registry. Although Container Registry is still available and supported as a Google Enterprise API, new features will only be available in Artifact Registry. Container Registry will only receive critical security fixes.

Overview

Artifact Registry provides the same container management features as Container Registry and includes additional features and benefits:

Additional artifact formats

You can create repositories for the following artifact formats:

Container images: Docker, Helm
Language packages: Java, Node.js, Python
OS packages: Debian, RPM

Regional repositories

Container Registry only provides multi-regional registry hosts. Artifact Registry provides both regional and multi-regional registry hosts.

Multiple, separate repositories in a single location

In Container Registry, you can only create a single registry host in a multi-region and all repositories in the registry share the same storage bucket. In Artifact Registry, each repository is a separate resource. You can apply different labels and Identity and Access Management policies to each repository.

Repository-level permissions

In Container Registry, you grant permissions for each multi-regional registry host. You cannot apply separate permissions at the repository level. Artifact Registry offers repository level access control.

Artifact Registry IAM roles

In Container Registry you use Cloud Storage roles to control access and need to push an image to a registry host before you can configure permissions for the host. In Artifact Registry, you use Artifact Registry roles to grant access, and there is a clear separation between repository administrator and repository user roles.

Google Kubernetes Engine image streaming

GKE can stream data from eligible images as requested by your applications, so that workloads can initialize without waiting for the entire image to download. Image streaming provides faster autoscaling, faster pod startup, and reduced latency when pulling large images.

Cloud Run source deployment

Deploy new services and new revisions to Cloud Run directly from source code using a single Google Cloud CLI command. Source deployment builds a container image from your code, stores it in Artifact Registry, and deploys it to Cloud Run.

Backwards compatibility and co-existence

You can use both Artifact Registry and Container Registry in the same project. When you view a list of repositories with gcloud or Cloud console, Artifact Registry also lists Container Registry repositories in the same project.

To take advantage of the expanded capabilities in Artifact Registry, you can transition your containers and your automation to Artifact Registry.

Transition options

You can transition to Artifact Registry using one of these options:

Standard repositories (Recommended)

Regular Artifact Registry repositories that support all features and are fully independent of any existing Container Registry hosts.

Repositories with gcr.io domain support

Special repositories that are mapped to Container Registry gcr.io hostnames. These repositories support:

gcloud container images commands
Redirecting traffic from gcr.io hostnames to the corresponding gcr.io repositories in your project.

These repositories have some feature limitations. However, if you have a lot of tool configuration, scripts, or code with gcr.io references, a more tactical approach might be necessary to transition to Artifact Registry.

Both types of repositories can co-exist so that you can gradually transition. For example:

You can create gcr.io repositories in Artifact Registry to transition your existing Container Registry setup and create standard repositories for new work.
You can take a multi-staged approach to your transition. Transition to gcr.io repositories in Artifact Registry, then gradually shift to using to standard repositories as you update your automation to fully support Artifact Registry repository and image paths.

Setting up repositories

In Artifact Registry you must create repositories before you can push images to them. So a key part of moving to Artifact Registry is setting up Artifact Registry repositories and integrating them into your CI/CD automation.

To provide greater flexibility, there are some changes in how Artifact Registry represents repositories.

Container Registry

Each multi-regional location is associated with a single storage bucket. Organizing your images into repositories under a hostname is optional. Consider the following example that shows the image webapp in three locations:

us.gcr.io/my-project/webapp
us.gcr.io/my-project/team1/webapp
us.gcr.io/my-project/team2/webapp

Repositories are only an organizing mechanism and do not restrict access. Any user with access to the storage bucket for us.gcr.io in this project can access all versions of the webapp container image.

Artifact Registry

Each repository is a separate resource in your project. Since each repository is a unique resource, you can:

Give each repository a name, description, and labels
Create multiple repositories in the same location
Configure repository-specific permissions

In addition, the location of a repository can be a region or a multi-region.

These changes give you more control over your repositories. For example, if you have teams in São Paulo and Sydney, you can create a repository for each team in a region that is geographically closer than the nearest multi-regional location.

southamerica-east1-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/team1/webapp
australia-southeast1-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/team2/webapp

You can then grant each team with permissions to their team repository only.

See the setup guide for instructions to transition to Artifact Registry.

Pushing and pulling images

To help you adapt existing configuration, commands, and documentation designed for Container Registry, the following information compares building, pushing, pulling, and deploying images.

Feature comparison

This section summarizes changes and improvements to Container Registry features.

Feature	Container Registry	Artifact Registry
Supported formats	Container images only	Multiple artifact formats, including container images, language packages, and OS packages.
Repositories	Creation - Automatically creates a repository in a multi-region if you have not pushed an image there before. Location - Multi-regional repositories only. Organization - All repositories on the same multi-regional host in a Google Cloud project share a single storage bucket. Access control - Grant permissions across the project level or on the storage bucket for each multi-regional host.	Creation - You must create a repository before pushing images to it. Location - Create standard repositories in a multi-region or region. For example, the closest multi-region for Australia is Asia. With regional support, you can create a repository in the Sydney data center. Organization - You can create multiple, discrete repositories in each region or multi-region. Apply labels to group them by team, development stage, or other categories. Access control - Grant permissions on the project or on individual repositories.
Hostnames	Hosts are on the `gcr.io` domain.	Hosts are on the `pkg.dev` domain. For details on the name format, see Repository and artifact names. You can use gcr.io domain support to automatically redirect traffic from your `gcr.io>` hosts to corresponding Artifact Registry repositories in the same project.
Permissions	Grant access using Cloud Storage permissions. You can restrict access to all images stored in a multi-region, but not individual repositories. For example, you can restrict access to `us.gcr.io` in the project `my-project`, but you cannot grant specific permissions for images under `us.gcr.io/my-project/team1` and `us.gcr.io/my-project/team2`	Grant access using Artifact Registry permissions. You can restrict access to individual repositories. For example, you can separately control access to images in `us-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/team1` and `us-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/team2`
Authentication	Provides several authentication methods for pushing and pulling images with a third-party client.	Artifact Registry supports the same authentication methods as Container Registry. See Setting up authentication for Docker for details. If you use the Docker credential helper: Version 2.0.0 or newer is required. Docker client versions prior to v18.03 are no longer supported. You must add the Artifact Registry locations that you will use to the credential helper configuration.
Customer-managed encryption keys (CMEK)	Use CMEK to encrypt the storage buckets that contain your images.	Use CMEK to encrypt individual repositories.
Using Google Cloud console	View and manage Container Registry images from the Container Registry section of Cloud console.	View a list of your Artifact Registry and Container Registry repositories in the Artifact Registry section of Cloud console. Manage your Artifact Registry repositories and images from this page. If you click a Container Registry repository, you are directed to the list of images in the Container Registry section of the Cloud console.
Using gcloud and API commands	Uses gcloud container images commands. Commands support shortened digests. If you don't specify the full digest string, Container Registry attempts to locate the correct image based on the partial string.	Uses gcloud artifacts docker commands. Commands don't support shortened digests. For a comparison of Container Registry and Artifact Registry gcloud commands, see the gcloud command comparison. Artifact Registry also includes an API for managing repositories and artifacts in all formats.
Pub/Sub notifications	Publishes changes to the `gcr` topic.	Publishes changes to the `gcr` topic. If you create repositories in the same project as your existing Container Registry service, your existing Pub/Sub configuration works automatically. To learn more, see Configuring Pub/Sub notifications.
Cached Docker Hub images	Caches the most frequently requested Docker Hub images on `mirror.gcr.io`.	`mirror.gcr.io` continues to cache frequently requested images from Docker Hub.
VPC Service Controls	You can add Container Registry to a service perimeter.	You can add Artifact Registry to a service perimeter.
Metadata storage and analysis	Container Analysis provides metadata storage, vulnerability scanning, and integration with services that use the metadata such as Binary Authorization. Google Cloud CLI commands for working with notes and occurrences are under the gcloud container images group.	Container Analysis supports metadata storage and vulnerability scanning for container images in both Artifact Registry and Container Registry. Both products use the same Container Analysis APIs. When you enable Container Analysis APIs in either Container Registry or Artifact Registry the APIs are turned on for both products. Both products use the same Pub/Sub topics for Container Analysis notifications. Your existing subscriptions will include notifications for both Artifact Registry and Container Registry. gcloud CLI commands for working with notes and occurrences are under the gcloud artifacts docker group.
Google-provided images	Google-provided images are hosted on `gcr.io`. Examples include: Cached images on `mirror.gcr.io`. Cloud Build builders Managed base images	Google-provided images continue to be available on `gcr.io`.
Image streaming	Unavailable	GKE can stream data from eligible images in Artifact Registry for faster autoscaling, faster pod startup, and reduced latency when pulling large images.
Cloud Run source deployment	Unavailable	Source deployment lets you use a single gcloud CLI command to build a container image from your source code, store the image in Artifact Registry, and deploy it to Cloud Run.
Pricing	Container Registry pricing is based on Cloud Storage usage, including storage and network egress.	Artifact Registry has its own pricing, based on storage and network egress.