本文档介绍如何配置 Google Kubernetes Engine 部署，以便使用 Google Cloud Managed Service for Prometheus 从节点导出器收集指标。本页面介绍如何完成以下任务：
- 设置节点导出器以报告指标。
- 为 Managed Service for Prometheus 配置 PodMonitoring 资源以收集导出的指标。
- 在 Cloud Monitoring 中访问信息中心以查看指标。
- 配置提醒规则以监控指标。
以下说明仅在您将代管式收集功能与 Managed Service for Prometheus 搭配使用时适用。 如果您使用的是自行部署的收集功能，请参阅节点导出器的源代码库以了解安装信息。
这些说明仅作为示例提供，应该适用于大多数 Kubernetes 环境。如果您因为限制性安全或组织政策而无法安装应用或导出器，则我们建议您查阅开源文档以获取支持。
前提条件
要使用 Managed Service for Prometheus 和代管式收集功能从节点导出器收集指标，您的部署必须满足以下要求：
- 您的集群必须运行 Google Kubernetes Engine 1.21.4-gke.300 或更高版本。
- 您必须运行 Managed Service for Prometheus，并启用代管式收集功能。如需了解详情，请参阅代管式收集功能使用入门。
- 如需使用 Cloud Monitoring 中提供的信息中心进行集成，您必须使用
node_exporter1.3.1 版或更高版本。如需详细了解可用的信息中心，请参阅安装信息中心。
安装节点导出器
您可以使用以下配置来安装节点导出器：
# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
namespace: gmp-public
name: node-exporter
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: node-exporter
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.8.2
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: node-exporter
updateStrategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 10%
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: node-exporter
app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.8.2
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm64
- amd64
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
containers:
- name: node-exporter
image: quay.io/prometheus/node-exporter:v1.8.2
args:
- --web.listen-address=:8080
- --path.sysfs=/host/sys
- --path.rootfs=/host/root
- --no-collector.wifi
- --no-collector.hwmon
- --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points=^/(dev|proc|sys|var/lib/docker/.+|var/lib/kubelet/pods/.+)($|/)
- --collector.netclass.ignored-devices=^(veth.*)$
- --collector.netdev.device-exclude=^(veth.*)$
ports:
- name: metrics
containerPort: 8080
resources:
limits:
memory: 180Mi
requests:
cpu: 102m
memory: 180Mi
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /host/sys
mountPropagation: HostToContainer
name: sys
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /host/root
mountPropagation: HostToContainer
name: root
readOnly: true
hostNetwork: true
hostPID: true
securityContext:
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 65534
volumes:
- hostPath:
path: /sys
name: sys
- hostPath:
path: /
name: root
---
apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: PodMonitoring
metadata:
namespace: gmp-public
name: node-exporter
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: node-exporter
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: node-exporter
endpoints:
- port: metrics
interval: 30s
如需从本地文件应用配置更改，请运行以下命令：
kubectl apply -f FILE_NAME
您还可以使用 Terraform 管理您的配置。
定义规则和提醒
您可以使用以下 Rules 配置来定义指标提醒：
# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: Rules
metadata:
namespace: gmp-public
name: node-exporter-rules
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: rules
app.kubernetes.io/name: node-exporter-rules
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
groups:
- name: node-exporter
interval: 30s
rules:
- alert: NodeFilesystemSpaceFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left and is filling
up.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemspacefillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of space within the next 24 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 15
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 24 * 60 * 60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemSpaceFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left and is filling
up fast.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemspacefillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of space within the next 4 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 10
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 4*60*60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfSpace
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutofspace
summary: Filesystem has less than 5% space left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 5
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 30m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfSpace
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutofspace
summary: Filesystem has less than 3% space left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 3
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 30m
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeFilesystemFilesFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left and is filling
up.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemfilesfillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of inodes within the next 24 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 40
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 24*60*60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemFilesFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left and is filling
up fast.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemfilesfillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of inodes within the next 4 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 20
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 4*60*60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfFiles
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutoffiles
summary: Filesystem has less than 5% inodes left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 5
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfFiles
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutoffiles
summary: Filesystem has less than 3% inodes left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 3
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeNetworkReceiveErrs
annotations:
description: '{{ $labels.instance }} interface {{ $labels.device }} has encountered
{{ printf "%.0f" $value }} receive errors in the last two minutes.'
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodenetworkreceiveerrs
summary: Network interface is reporting many receive errors.
expr: |
rate(node_network_receive_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_receive_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeNetworkTransmitErrs
annotations:
description: '{{ $labels.instance }} interface {{ $labels.device }} has encountered
{{ printf "%.0f" $value }} transmit errors in the last two minutes.'
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodenetworktransmiterrs
summary: Network interface is reporting many transmit errors.
expr: |
rate(node_network_transmit_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_transmit_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeHighNumberConntrackEntriesUsed
annotations:
description: '{{ $value | humanizePercentage }} of conntrack entries are used.'
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodehighnumberconntrackentriesused
summary: Number of conntrack are getting close to the limit.
expr: |
(node_nf_conntrack_entries / node_nf_conntrack_entries_limit) > 0.75
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeTextFileCollectorScrapeError
annotations:
description: Node Exporter text file collector failed to scrape.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodetextfilecollectorscrapeerror
summary: Node Exporter text file collector failed to scrape.
expr: |
node_textfile_scrape_error{job="node-exporter"} == 1
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeClockSkewDetected
annotations:
description: Clock on {{ $labels.instance }} is out of sync by more than 300s.
Ensure NTP is configured correctly on this host.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodeclockskewdetected
summary: Clock skew detected.
expr: |
(
node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"} > 0.05
and
deriv(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"}[5m]) >= 0
)
or
(
node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"} < -0.05
and
deriv(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"}[5m]) <= 0
)
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeClockNotSynchronising
annotations:
description: Clock on {{ $labels.instance }} is not synchronising. Ensure
NTP is configured on this host.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodeclocknotsynchronising
summary: Clock not synchronising.
expr: |
min_over_time(node_timex_sync_status{job="node-exporter"}[5m]) == 0
and
node_timex_maxerror_seconds{job="node-exporter"} >= 16
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeRAIDDegraded
annotations:
description: RAID array '{{ $labels.device }}' on {{ $labels.instance }} is
in degraded state due to one or more disks failures. Number of spare drives
is insufficient to fix issue automatically.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/noderaiddegraded
summary: RAID Array is degraded
expr: |
node_md_disks_required{job="node-exporter",device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"} - ignoring (state) (node_md_disks{state="active",job="node-exporter",device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"}) > 0
for: 15m
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeRAIDDiskFailure
annotations:
description: At least one device in RAID array on {{ $labels.instance }} failed.
Array '{{ $labels.device }}' needs attention and possibly a disk swap.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/noderaiddiskfailure
summary: Failed device in RAID array
expr: |
node_md_disks{state="failed",job="node-exporter",device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"} > 0
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFileDescriptorLimit
annotations:
description: File descriptors limit at {{ $labels.instance }} is currently
at {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}%.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefiledescriptorlimit
summary: Kernel is predicted to exhaust file descriptors limit soon.
expr: |
(
node_filefd_allocated{job="node-exporter"} * 100 / node_filefd_maximum{job="node-exporter"} > 70
)
for: 15m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFileDescriptorLimit
annotations:
description: File descriptors limit at {{ $labels.instance }} is currently
at {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}%.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefiledescriptorlimit
summary: Kernel is predicted to exhaust file descriptors limit soon.
expr: |
(
node_filefd_allocated{job="node-exporter"} * 100 / node_filefd_maximum{job="node-exporter"} > 90
)
for: 15m
labels:
severity: critical
- name: node-exporter.rules
interval: 30s
rules:
- expr: |
count without (cpu, mode) (
node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="idle"}
)
record: instance:node_num_cpu:sum
- expr: |
1 - avg without (cpu) (
sum without (mode) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter", mode=~"idle|iowait|steal"}[5m]))
)
record: instance:node_cpu_utilisation:rate5m
- expr: |
(
node_load1{job="node-exporter"}
/
instance:node_num_cpu:sum{job="node-exporter"}
)
record: instance:node_load1_per_cpu:ratio
- expr: |
1 - (
(
node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
or
(
node_memory_Buffers_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
+
node_memory_Cached_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
+
node_memory_MemFree_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
+
node_memory_Slab_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
)
)
/
node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
)
record: instance:node_memory_utilisation:ratio
- expr: |
rate(node_vmstat_pgmajfault{job="node-exporter"}[5m])
record: instance:node_vmstat_pgmajfault:rate5m
- expr: |
rate(node_disk_io_time_seconds_total{job="node-exporter", device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"}[5m])
record: instance_device:node_disk_io_time_seconds:rate5m
- expr: |
rate(node_disk_io_time_weighted_seconds_total{job="node-exporter", device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"}[5m])
record: instance_device:node_disk_io_time_weighted_seconds:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_receive_bytes_excluding_lo:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_transmit_bytes_excluding_lo:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_receive_drop_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_receive_drop_excluding_lo:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_transmit_drop_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_transmit_drop_excluding_lo:rate5m
如需从本地文件应用配置更改，请运行以下命令：
kubectl apply -f FILE_NAME
您还可以使用 Terraform 管理您的配置。
如需详细了解如何将规则应用于您的集群，请参阅代管式规则评估和提醒。
此Rules 配置改编自贡献给 kube-prometheus 代码库的规则和提醒。
验证配置
您可以使用 Metrics Explorer 来验证是否正确配置了导出器。Cloud Monitoring 可能需要一两分钟时间来注入您的指标。
要验证指标是否已注入，请执行以下操作：
-
在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到 leaderboard Metrics Explorer 页面：
如果您使用搜索栏查找此页面，请选择子标题为监控的结果。
- 在查询构建器窗格的工具栏中，选择名为 code MQL 或 code PromQL 的按钮。
- 验证已在PromQL 切换开关中选择 PromQL。语言切换开关位于同一工具栏中，用于设置查询的格式。
- 输入并运行以下查询：
up{job="node-exporter", cluster="CLUSTER_NAME", namespace="gmp-public"}
安装信息中心
Cloud Monitoring 提供了一个用于集成的信息中心示例库。示例库包含“Prometheus”信息中心，您可以安装该信息中心以查看 Google Cloud 控制台中的数据。
请注意，Kubernetes 集群 Prometheus 概览信息中心需要安装 Kube State Metrics。Kubernetes Pod Prometheus 概览信息中心要求安装 Kube State Metrics 和 Kubelet/cAdvisor。
如需从示例库安装信息中心，请执行以下操作：
-
在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到
信息中心页面：
如果您使用搜索栏查找此页面，请选择子标题为监控的结果。
- 选择示例库标签页。
- 选择其他类别。
- （可选）如需在不安装信息中心的情况下查看静态预览，请点击预览。
- 选择要安装的信息中心，然后点击
导入。
如需详细了解如何安装信息中心，请参阅安装示例信息中心。
问题排查
如需了解如何排查指标注入问题，请参阅排查注入端问题中的从导出器收集的问题。