En este documento, se describe cómo configurar tu implementación de Google Kubernetes Engine a fin de que puedas usar Google Cloud Managed Service para Prometheus para recopilar métricas del Node Exporter. Este documento te muestra cómo hacer lo siguiente:
- Configura Node Exporter para informar las métricas.
- Configurar un recurso PodMonitoring a fin de que Managed Service para Prometheus recopile las métricas exportadas.
- Acceder a un panel en Cloud Monitoring para ver las métricas
- Configura reglas de alerta para supervisar las métricas
Estas instrucciones se aplican solo si usas la colección administrada con Managed Service para Prometheus.
Si usas la colección con implementación automática, consulta el repositorio de origen para Node Exporter a fin de obtener información de instalación.
Estas instrucciones se proporcionan como ejemplo y se espera que funcionen en la mayoría de los entornos de Kubernetes.
Si tienes problemas para instalar una aplicación o un exportador debido a políticas restringidas de la organización o de seguridad, te recomendamos que consultes la documentación de código abierto a fin de obtener asistencia.
Requisitos previos
Para recopilar métricas de Node Exporter mediante el Managed Service para Prometheus y la colección administrada, tu implementación debe cumplir con los siguientes requisitos:
Instala Node Exporter
Puedes usar la siguiente configuración para instalar Node Exporter:
Para aplicar los cambios de configuración desde un archivo local, ejecuta el siguiente comando:
kubectl apply -f FILE_NAME
También puedes usar Terraform para administrar tus opciones de configuración.
Define reglas y alertas
Puedes usar la siguiente configuración Rules
para definir alertas en las métricas:
# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: Rules
metadata:
namespace: gmp-public
name: node-exporter-rules
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: rules
app.kubernetes.io/name: node-exporter-rules
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
groups:
- name: node-exporter
interval: 30s
rules:
- alert: NodeFilesystemSpaceFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left and is filling
up.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemspacefillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of space within the next 24 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 15
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 24 * 60 * 60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemSpaceFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left and is filling
up fast.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemspacefillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of space within the next 4 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 10
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 4*60*60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfSpace
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutofspace
summary: Filesystem has less than 5% space left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 5
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 30m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfSpace
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutofspace
summary: Filesystem has less than 3% space left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 3
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 30m
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeFilesystemFilesFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left and is filling
up.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemfilesfillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of inodes within the next 24 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 40
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 24*60*60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemFilesFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left and is filling
up fast.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemfilesfillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of inodes within the next 4 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 20
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 4*60*60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfFiles
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutoffiles
summary: Filesystem has less than 5% inodes left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 5
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfFiles
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutoffiles
summary: Filesystem has less than 3% inodes left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 3
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeNetworkReceiveErrs
annotations:
description: '{{ $labels.instance }} interface {{ $labels.device }} has encountered
{{ printf "%.0f" $value }} receive errors in the last two minutes.'
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodenetworkreceiveerrs
summary: Network interface is reporting many receive errors.
expr: |
rate(node_network_receive_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_receive_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeNetworkTransmitErrs
annotations:
description: '{{ $labels.instance }} interface {{ $labels.device }} has encountered
{{ printf "%.0f" $value }} transmit errors in the last two minutes.'
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodenetworktransmiterrs
summary: Network interface is reporting many transmit errors.
expr: |
rate(node_network_transmit_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_transmit_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeHighNumberConntrackEntriesUsed
annotations:
description: '{{ $value | humanizePercentage }} of conntrack entries are used.'
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodehighnumberconntrackentriesused
summary: Number of conntrack are getting close to the limit.
expr: |
(node_nf_conntrack_entries / node_nf_conntrack_entries_limit) > 0.75
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeTextFileCollectorScrapeError
annotations:
description: Node Exporter text file collector failed to scrape.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodetextfilecollectorscrapeerror
summary: Node Exporter text file collector failed to scrape.
expr: |
node_textfile_scrape_error{job="node-exporter"} == 1
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeClockSkewDetected
annotations:
description: Clock on {{ $labels.instance }} is out of sync by more than 300s.
Ensure NTP is configured correctly on this host.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodeclockskewdetected
summary: Clock skew detected.
expr: |
(
node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"} > 0.05
and
deriv(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"}[5m]) >= 0
)
or
(
node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"} < -0.05
and
deriv(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"}[5m]) <= 0
)
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeClockNotSynchronising
annotations:
description: Clock on {{ $labels.instance }} is not synchronising. Ensure
NTP is configured on this host.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodeclocknotsynchronising
summary: Clock not synchronising.
expr: |
min_over_time(node_timex_sync_status{job="node-exporter"}[5m]) == 0
and
node_timex_maxerror_seconds{job="node-exporter"} >= 16
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeRAIDDegraded
annotations:
description: RAID array '{{ $labels.device }}' on {{ $labels.instance }} is
in degraded state due to one or more disks failures. Number of spare drives
is insufficient to fix issue automatically.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/noderaiddegraded
summary: RAID Array is degraded
expr: |
node_md_disks_required{job="node-exporter",device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"} - ignoring (state) (node_md_disks{state="active",job="node-exporter",device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"}) > 0
for: 15m
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeRAIDDiskFailure
annotations:
description: At least one device in RAID array on {{ $labels.instance }} failed.
Array '{{ $labels.device }}' needs attention and possibly a disk swap.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/noderaiddiskfailure
summary: Failed device in RAID array
expr: |
node_md_disks{state="failed",job="node-exporter",device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"} > 0
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFileDescriptorLimit
annotations:
description: File descriptors limit at {{ $labels.instance }} is currently
at {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}%.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefiledescriptorlimit
summary: Kernel is predicted to exhaust file descriptors limit soon.
expr: |
(
node_filefd_allocated{job="node-exporter"} * 100 / node_filefd_maximum{job="node-exporter"} > 70
)
for: 15m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFileDescriptorLimit
annotations:
description: File descriptors limit at {{ $labels.instance }} is currently
at {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}%.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefiledescriptorlimit
summary: Kernel is predicted to exhaust file descriptors limit soon.
expr: |
(
node_filefd_allocated{job="node-exporter"} * 100 / node_filefd_maximum{job="node-exporter"} > 90
)
for: 15m
labels:
severity: critical
- name: node-exporter.rules
interval: 30s
rules:
- expr: |
count without (cpu, mode) (
node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="idle"}
)
record: instance:node_num_cpu:sum
- expr: |
1 - avg without (cpu) (
sum without (mode) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter", mode=~"idle|iowait|steal"}[5m]))
)
record: instance:node_cpu_utilisation:rate5m
- expr: |
(
node_load1{job="node-exporter"}
/
instance:node_num_cpu:sum{job="node-exporter"}
)
record: instance:node_load1_per_cpu:ratio
- expr: |
1 - (
(
node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
or
(
node_memory_Buffers_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
+
node_memory_Cached_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
+
node_memory_MemFree_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
+
node_memory_Slab_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
)
)
/
node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
)
record: instance:node_memory_utilisation:ratio
- expr: |
rate(node_vmstat_pgmajfault{job="node-exporter"}[5m])
record: instance:node_vmstat_pgmajfault:rate5m
- expr: |
rate(node_disk_io_time_seconds_total{job="node-exporter", device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"}[5m])
record: instance_device:node_disk_io_time_seconds:rate5m
- expr: |
rate(node_disk_io_time_weighted_seconds_total{job="node-exporter", device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"}[5m])
record: instance_device:node_disk_io_time_weighted_seconds:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_receive_bytes_excluding_lo:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_transmit_bytes_excluding_lo:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_receive_drop_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_receive_drop_excluding_lo:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_transmit_drop_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_transmit_drop_excluding_lo:rate5m
Para aplicar los cambios de configuración desde un archivo local, ejecuta el siguiente comando:
kubectl apply -f FILE_NAME
También puedes usar Terraform para administrar tus opciones de configuración.
Para obtener más información sobre cómo aplicar reglas a tu clúster, consulta Evaluación y alertas de reglas administradas.
Esta configuración de
Rules
se adaptó de las reglas y alertas que se agregaron al repositorio
kube-prometheus.
Verifica la configuración
Puedes usar el explorador de métrocas para verificar que configuraste el exportador de forma correcta. Cloud Monitoring puede tardar uno o dos minutos en transferir las métricas.
Para verificar que se hayan transferido las métricas, haz lo siguiente:
-
En la consola de Google Cloud, ve a la página leaderboard Explorador de métricas:
Dirígete al Explorador de métricas
Si usas la barra de búsqueda para encontrar esta página, selecciona el resultado cuyo subtítulo es Monitoring.
- En la barra de herramientas del panel del compilador de consultas, selecciona el botón cuyo nombre sea codeMQL o codeMQL.
- Verifica que PromQL esté seleccionado en el botón de activación PromQL. El botón de activación de lenguaje se encuentra en la misma barra de herramientas que te permite
dar formato a tu consulta.
- Ingresa y ejecuta la siguiente consulta:
up{job="node-exporter", cluster="CLUSTER_NAME", namespace="gmp-public"}
Instala paneles
Cloud Monitoring proporciona una biblioteca de paneles de muestra para integraciones.
En la biblioteca de muestra, se incluyen los paneles “Prometheus” que puedes instalar para ver tus datos en la consola de Google Cloud.
Ten en cuenta que el panel Descripción general de Prometheus para el clúster de Kubernetes requiere que se instale Kube State Metrics. El panel Descripción general de Prometheus para Pods de Kubernetes requiere que Kube State Metrics y Kubelet/cAdvisor estén instalados.
Para instalar un panel desde la biblioteca de muestra, haz lo siguiente:
-
En la consola de Google Cloud, ve a la página Paneles.
Dirígete a Paneles de control
Si usas la barra de búsqueda para encontrar esta página, selecciona el resultado cuyo subtítulo es Monitoring.
- Selecciona la pestaña Biblioteca de muestra.
- Elige la categoría Otros.
- Para ver una vista previa estática de un panel sin instalarlo, haz clic en Vista previa (opcional).
- Selecciona los paneles que deseas instalar y, luego, haz clic en
Importar.
Para obtener más información sobre la instalación de paneles, consulta Instala paneles de muestra.
Soluciona problemas
Para obtener información sobre la solución de problemas de transferencia de métricas, consulta Problemas de recopilación de exportadores en Solución de problemas de transferencia.