Dokumen ini menjelaskan cara mengonfigurasi deployment Google Kubernetes Engine, sehingga Anda dapat menggunakan Google Cloud Managed Service for Prometheus untuk mengumpulkan metrik dari Pengekspor Node. Dokumen ini menunjukkan cara melakukan hal berikut:
- Siapkan Pengekspor Node untuk melaporkan metrik.
- Konfigurasi resource PodMonitoring untuk Google Cloud Managed Service for Prometheus
guna mengumpulkan metrik yang diekspor.
- Akses dasbor di Cloud Monitoring untuk melihat metrik.
- Konfigurasi aturan pemberitahuan untuk memantau metrik.
Petunjuk ini hanya berlaku jika Anda menggunakan
koleksi terkelola dengan Managed Service for Prometheus untuk cluster GKE Standard. Anda tidak dapat menggunakan Node Exporter untuk
cluster GKE Autopilot.
Jika Anda menggunakan koleksi yang di-deploy sendiri, lihat repositori sumber untuk Pengekspor Node guna mengetahui informasi tentang penginstalan.
Petunjuk ini diberikan sebagai contoh dan diharapkan dapat berfungsi di sebagian besar lingkungan Kubernetes. Jika Anda mengalami masalah saat menginstal aplikasi atau pengekspor karena kebijakan organisasi atau keamanan yang ketat, sebaiknya baca dokumentasi open source untuk mendapatkan dukungan.
Prasyarat
Untuk mengumpulkan metrik dari Node Exporter menggunakan Managed Service for Prometheus dan pengumpulan terkelola, deployment Anda harus memenuhi persyaratan berikut:
Menginstal Pengekspor Node
Anda dapat menggunakan konfigurasi berikut untuk menginstal Node Exporter:
Untuk menerapkan perubahan konfigurasi dari file lokal, jalankan perintah berikut:
kubectl apply -f FILE_NAME
Anda juga dapat menggunakan Terraform untuk mengelola konfigurasi Anda.
Menentukan aturan dan pemberitahuan
Anda dapat menggunakan konfigurasi Rules
berikut untuk menentukan pemberitahuan pada metrik:
# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: Rules
metadata:
namespace: gmp-public
name: node-exporter-rules
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: rules
app.kubernetes.io/name: node-exporter-rules
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
groups:
- name: node-exporter
interval: 30s
rules:
- alert: NodeFilesystemSpaceFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left and is filling
up.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemspacefillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of space within the next 24 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 15
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 24 * 60 * 60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemSpaceFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left and is filling
up fast.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemspacefillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of space within the next 4 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 10
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 4*60*60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfSpace
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutofspace
summary: Filesystem has less than 5% space left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 5
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 30m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfSpace
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available space left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutofspace
summary: Filesystem has less than 3% space left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 3
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 30m
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeFilesystemFilesFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left and is filling
up.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemfilesfillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of inodes within the next 24 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 40
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 24*60*60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemFilesFillingUp
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left and is filling
up fast.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemfilesfillingup
summary: Filesystem is predicted to run out of inodes within the next 4 hours.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 20
and
predict_linear(node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 4*60*60) < 0
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfFiles
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutoffiles
summary: Filesystem has less than 5% inodes left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 5
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfFiles
annotations:
description: Filesystem on {{ $labels.device }} at {{ $labels.instance }}
has only {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}% available inodes left.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefilesystemalmostoutoffiles
summary: Filesystem has less than 3% inodes left.
expr: |
(
node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 3
and
node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)
for: 1h
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeNetworkReceiveErrs
annotations:
description: '{{ $labels.instance }} interface {{ $labels.device }} has encountered
{{ printf "%.0f" $value }} receive errors in the last two minutes.'
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodenetworkreceiveerrs
summary: Network interface is reporting many receive errors.
expr: |
rate(node_network_receive_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_receive_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeNetworkTransmitErrs
annotations:
description: '{{ $labels.instance }} interface {{ $labels.device }} has encountered
{{ printf "%.0f" $value }} transmit errors in the last two minutes.'
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodenetworktransmiterrs
summary: Network interface is reporting many transmit errors.
expr: |
rate(node_network_transmit_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_transmit_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01
for: 1h
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeHighNumberConntrackEntriesUsed
annotations:
description: '{{ $value | humanizePercentage }} of conntrack entries are used.'
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodehighnumberconntrackentriesused
summary: Number of conntrack are getting close to the limit.
expr: |
(node_nf_conntrack_entries / node_nf_conntrack_entries_limit) > 0.75
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeTextFileCollectorScrapeError
annotations:
description: Node Exporter text file collector failed to scrape.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodetextfilecollectorscrapeerror
summary: Node Exporter text file collector failed to scrape.
expr: |
node_textfile_scrape_error{job="node-exporter"} == 1
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeClockSkewDetected
annotations:
description: Clock on {{ $labels.instance }} is out of sync by more than 300s.
Ensure NTP is configured correctly on this host.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodeclockskewdetected
summary: Clock skew detected.
expr: |
(
node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"} > 0.05
and
deriv(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"}[5m]) >= 0
)
or
(
node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"} < -0.05
and
deriv(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"}[5m]) <= 0
)
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeClockNotSynchronising
annotations:
description: Clock on {{ $labels.instance }} is not synchronising. Ensure
NTP is configured on this host.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodeclocknotsynchronising
summary: Clock not synchronising.
expr: |
min_over_time(node_timex_sync_status{job="node-exporter"}[5m]) == 0
and
node_timex_maxerror_seconds{job="node-exporter"} >= 16
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeRAIDDegraded
annotations:
description: RAID array '{{ $labels.device }}' on {{ $labels.instance }} is
in degraded state due to one or more disks failures. Number of spare drives
is insufficient to fix issue automatically.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/noderaiddegraded
summary: RAID Array is degraded
expr: |
node_md_disks_required{job="node-exporter",device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"} - ignoring (state) (node_md_disks{state="active",job="node-exporter",device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"}) > 0
for: 15m
labels:
severity: critical
- alert: NodeRAIDDiskFailure
annotations:
description: At least one device in RAID array on {{ $labels.instance }} failed.
Array '{{ $labels.device }}' needs attention and possibly a disk swap.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/noderaiddiskfailure
summary: Failed device in RAID array
expr: |
node_md_disks{state="failed",job="node-exporter",device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"} > 0
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFileDescriptorLimit
annotations:
description: File descriptors limit at {{ $labels.instance }} is currently
at {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}%.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefiledescriptorlimit
summary: Kernel is predicted to exhaust file descriptors limit soon.
expr: |
(
node_filefd_allocated{job="node-exporter"} * 100 / node_filefd_maximum{job="node-exporter"} > 70
)
for: 15m
labels:
severity: warning
- alert: NodeFileDescriptorLimit
annotations:
description: File descriptors limit at {{ $labels.instance }} is currently
at {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}%.
runbook_url: https://runbooks.prometheus-operator.dev/runbooks/node/nodefiledescriptorlimit
summary: Kernel is predicted to exhaust file descriptors limit soon.
expr: |
(
node_filefd_allocated{job="node-exporter"} * 100 / node_filefd_maximum{job="node-exporter"} > 90
)
for: 15m
labels:
severity: critical
- name: node-exporter.rules
interval: 30s
rules:
- expr: |
count without (cpu, mode) (
node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="idle"}
)
record: instance:node_num_cpu:sum
- expr: |
1 - avg without (cpu) (
sum without (mode) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter", mode=~"idle|iowait|steal"}[5m]))
)
record: instance:node_cpu_utilisation:rate5m
- expr: |
(
node_load1{job="node-exporter"}
/
instance:node_num_cpu:sum{job="node-exporter"}
)
record: instance:node_load1_per_cpu:ratio
- expr: |
1 - (
(
node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
or
(
node_memory_Buffers_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
+
node_memory_Cached_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
+
node_memory_MemFree_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
+
node_memory_Slab_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
)
)
/
node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
)
record: instance:node_memory_utilisation:ratio
- expr: |
rate(node_vmstat_pgmajfault{job="node-exporter"}[5m])
record: instance:node_vmstat_pgmajfault:rate5m
- expr: |
rate(node_disk_io_time_seconds_total{job="node-exporter", device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"}[5m])
record: instance_device:node_disk_io_time_seconds:rate5m
- expr: |
rate(node_disk_io_time_weighted_seconds_total{job="node-exporter", device=~"(/dev/)?(mmcblk.p.+|nvme.+|rbd.+|sd.+|vd.+|xvd.+|dm-.+|dasd.+)"}[5m])
record: instance_device:node_disk_io_time_weighted_seconds:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_receive_bytes_excluding_lo:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_transmit_bytes_excluding_lo:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_receive_drop_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_receive_drop_excluding_lo:rate5m
- expr: |
sum without (device) (
rate(node_network_transmit_drop_total{job="node-exporter", device!="lo"}[5m])
)
record: instance:node_network_transmit_drop_excluding_lo:rate5m
Untuk menerapkan perubahan konfigurasi dari file lokal, jalankan perintah berikut:
kubectl apply -f FILE_NAME
Anda juga dapat menggunakan Terraform untuk mengelola konfigurasi Anda.
Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang cara menerapkan aturan ke cluster Anda, lihat Evaluasi dan pemberitahuan aturan terkelola.
Konfigurasi
Rules
ini disesuaikan dari aturan dan pemberitahuan yang berkontribusi
pada
repositori
kube-prometheus.
Memverifikasi konfigurasi
Anda dapat menggunakan Metrics Explorer untuk memverifikasi bahwa Anda telah mengonfigurasi pengekspor dengan benar. Cloud Monitoring mungkin memerlukan waktu satu atau dua menit untuk menyerap metrik Anda.
Untuk memastikan metrik diserap, lakukan tindakan berikut:
-
Di panel navigasi Konsol Google Cloud, pilih Monitoring, lalu pilih
leaderboard Metrics Explorer:
Buka Metrics Explorer
- Di toolbar
panel pembuat kueri, pilih tombol dengan nama
code MQL atau code PromQL.
- Pastikan PromQL dipilih di tombol Language. Tombol bahasa berada di toolbar yang sama
yang memungkinkan Anda memformat kueri.
- Masukkan dan jalankan kueri berikut:
up{job="node-exporter", cluster="CLUSTER_NAME", namespace="gmp-public"}
Menginstal dasbor
Cloud Monitoring menyediakan library contoh dasbor untuk integrasi.
Library contoh mencakup dasbor "Prometheus", yang dapat Anda instal untuk melihat data di konsol Google Cloud.
Perhatikan bahwa dasbor Ringkasan Cluster Kubernetes memerlukan penginstalan
Kube State Metrics. Dasbor Kubernetes Pod Prometheus Overview memerlukan penginstalan Kube State Metrics dan Kubelet/cAdvisor.
Untuk menginstal dasbor dari library contoh, lakukan hal berikut:
-
Di panel navigasi konsol Google Cloud,
pilih Monitoring, lalu pilih
Dashboards:
Buka Dasbor
- Pilih tab Sample Library.
- Pilih kategori Lainnya.
- (Opsional) Untuk melihat pratinjau statis dasbor tanpa menginstalnya, klik Preview.
- Pilih dasbor yang ingin Anda instal, lalu klik
Impor.
Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang cara menginstal dasbor, lihat
Menginstal contoh dasbor.
Pemecahan masalah
Untuk mengetahui informasi tentang cara memecahkan masalah penyerapan metrik, lihat
Masalah terkait pengumpulan dari pengekspor dalam
Memecahkan masalah sisi penyerapan.