gcloud compute instances bulk create

NAME
gcloud compute instances bulk create - create multiple Compute Engine virtual machines
SYNOPSIS
gcloud compute instances bulk create (--name-pattern=NAME_PATTERN     | --predefined-names=[INSTANCE_NAME,…]) (--region=REGION     | --zone=ZONE) [--accelerator=[count=COUNT],[type=TYPE]] [--no-address] [--async] [--no-boot-disk-auto-delete] [--boot-disk-device-name=BOOT_DISK_DEVICE_NAME] [--boot-disk-interface=BOOT_DISK_INTERFACE] [--boot-disk-provisioned-iops=BOOT_DISK_PROVISIONED_IOPS] [--boot-disk-provisioned-throughput=BOOT_DISK_PROVISIONED_THROUGHPUT] [--boot-disk-size=BOOT_DISK_SIZE] [--boot-disk-type=BOOT_DISK_TYPE] [--can-ip-forward] [--count=COUNT] [--create-disk=[PROPERTY=VALUE,…]] [--description=DESCRIPTION] [--discard-local-ssds-at-termination-timestamp=DISCARD_LOCAL_SSDS_AT_TERMINATION_TIMESTAMP] [--disk=[boot=BOOT],[device-name=DEVICE-NAME],[name=NAME],[scope=SCOPE]] [--[no-]enable-nested-virtualization] [--[no-]enable-uefi-networking] [--erase-windows-vss-signature] [--instance-termination-action=INSTANCE_TERMINATION_ACTION] [--labels=[KEY=VALUE,…]] [--local-ssd=[device-name=DEVICE-NAME],[interface=INTERFACE],[size=SIZE]] [--local-ssd-recovery-timeout=LOCAL_SSD_RECOVERY_TIMEOUT] [--location-policy=[ZONE=POLICY,…]] [--machine-type=MACHINE_TYPE] [--max-count-per-zone=[ZONE=MAX_COUNT_PER_ZONE,…]] [--max-run-duration=MAX_RUN_DURATION] [--metadata=KEY=VALUE,[KEY=VALUE,…]] [--metadata-from-file=KEY=LOCAL_FILE_PATH,[…]] [--min-count=MIN_COUNT] [--min-cpu-platform=PLATFORM] [--min-node-cpu=MIN_NODE_CPU] [--network=NETWORK] [--network-interface=[PROPERTY=VALUE,…]] [--network-performance-configs=[PROPERTY=VALUE,…]] [--network-tier=NETWORK_TIER] [--performance-monitoring-unit=PERFORMANCE_MONITORING_UNIT] [--post-key-revocation-action-type=POLICY] [--preemptible] [--provisioning-model=PROVISIONING_MODEL] [--resource-manager-tags=[KEY=VALUE,…]] [--resource-policies=[RESOURCE_POLICY,…]] [--no-restart-on-failure] [--shielded-integrity-monitoring] [--shielded-secure-boot] [--shielded-vtpm] [--source-instance-template=SOURCE_INSTANCE_TEMPLATE] [--stack-type=STACK_TYPE] [--subnet=SUBNET] [--tags=TAG,[TAG,…]] [--target-distribution-shape=SHAPE] [--termination-time=TERMINATION_TIME] [--threads-per-core=THREADS_PER_CORE] [--turbo-mode=TURBO_MODE] [--visible-core-count=VISIBLE_CORE_COUNT] [--boot-disk-kms-key=BOOT_DISK_KMS_KEY : --boot-disk-kms-keyring=BOOT_DISK_KMS_KEYRING --boot-disk-kms-location=BOOT_DISK_KMS_LOCATION --boot-disk-kms-project=BOOT_DISK_KMS_PROJECT] [--confidential-compute     | --confidential-compute-type=CONFIDENTIAL_COMPUTE_TYPE] [--custom-cpu=CUSTOM_CPU --custom-memory=CUSTOM_MEMORY : --custom-extensions --custom-vm-type=CUSTOM_VM_TYPE] [--image-project=IMAGE_PROJECT --image=IMAGE     | --image-family=IMAGE_FAMILY     | --source-snapshot=SOURCE_SNAPSHOT] [--maintenance-policy=MAINTENANCE_POLICY     | --on-host-maintenance=MAINTENANCE_POLICY] [--public-dns     | --no-public-dns] [--reservation=RESERVATION --reservation-affinity=RESERVATION_AFFINITY; default="any"] [--scopes=[SCOPE,…]     | --no-scopes] [--service-account=SERVICE_ACCOUNT     | --no-service-account] [GCLOUD_WIDE_FLAG]
DESCRIPTION
gcloud compute instances bulk create facilitates the creation of multiple Compute Engine virtual machines with a single command. They offer a number of advantages compared to the single instance creation command. This includes the ability to automatically pick a zone in which to create instances based on resource availability, the ability to specify that the request be atomic or best-effort, and a faster rate of instance creation.
EXAMPLES
To create instances called 'example-instance-1', 'example-instance-2', and 'example-instance-3' in the 'us-central1-a' zone, run:
gcloud compute instances bulk create --predefined-names=example-instance-1,example-instance-2,example-instance-3 --zone=us-central1-a
REQUIRED FLAGS
Exactly one of these must be specified:
--name-pattern=NAME_PATTERN
Name pattern for generating instance names. Specify a pattern with a single sequence of hash (#) characters that will be replaced with generated sequential numbers of instances. E.g. name pattern of 'instance-###' will generate instance names 'instance-001', 'instance-002', and so on, until the number of virtual machines specified using --count is reached. If instances matching name pattern exist, the new instances will be assigned names to avoid clashing with the existing ones. E.g. if there exists instance-123, the new instances will start at instance-124 and increment from there.
--predefined-names=[INSTANCE_NAME,…]
List of predefined names for the Compute Engine virtual machines being created. If --count is specified alongside this flag, provided count must equal the amount of names provided to this flag. If --count is not specified, the number of virtual machines created will equal the number of names provided.
Exactly one of these must be specified:
--region=REGION
Region in which to create the Compute Engine virtual machines. Compute Engine will select a zone in which to create all virtual machines.
--zone=ZONE
Zone in which to create the Compute Engine virtual machines.

A list of zones can be fetched by running:

gcloud compute zones list

To unset the property, run:

gcloud config unset compute/zone

Alternatively, the zone can be stored in the environment variable CLOUDSDK_COMPUTE_ZONE.

OPTIONAL FLAGS
--accelerator=[count=COUNT],[type=TYPE]
Attaches accelerators (e.g. GPUs) to the instances.
type
The specific type (e.g. nvidia-tesla-t4 for NVIDIA T4) of accelerator to attach to the instances. Use 'gcloud compute accelerator-types list' to learn about all available accelerator types.
count
Number of accelerators to attach to each instance. The default value is 1.
--no-address
If provided, the instances are not assigned external IP addresses. To pull container images, you must configure private Google access if using Container Registry or configure Cloud NAT for instances to access container images directly. For more information, see:
--async
Return immediately, without waiting for the operation in progress to complete.
--boot-disk-auto-delete
Automatically delete boot disks when their instances are deleted. Enabled by default, use --no-boot-disk-auto-delete to disable.
--boot-disk-device-name=BOOT_DISK_DEVICE_NAME
The name the guest operating system will see for the boot disk. This option can only be specified if a new boot disk is being created (as opposed to mounting an existing persistent disk).
--boot-disk-interface=BOOT_DISK_INTERFACE
Indicates the interface to use for the boot disk. The value must be one of the following:
  • SCSI
  • NVME
--boot-disk-provisioned-iops=BOOT_DISK_PROVISIONED_IOPS
Indicates how many IOPS to provision for the disk. This sets the number of I/O operations per second that the disk can handle. Value must be between 10,000 and 120,000.
--boot-disk-provisioned-throughput=BOOT_DISK_PROVISIONED_THROUGHPUT
Indicates how much throughput to provision for the disk. This sets the number of throughput mb per second that the disk can handle.
--boot-disk-size=BOOT_DISK_SIZE
The size of the boot disk. This option can only be specified if a new boot disk is being created (as opposed to mounting an existing persistent disk). The value must be a whole number followed by a size unit of KB for kilobyte, MB for megabyte, GB for gigabyte, or TB for terabyte. For example, 10GB will produce a 10 gigabyte disk. Disk size must be a multiple of 1 GB. Default size unit is GB.
--boot-disk-type=BOOT_DISK_TYPE
The type of the boot disk. This option can only be specified if a new boot disk is being created (as opposed to mounting an existing persistent disk). To get a list of available disk types, run $ gcloud compute disk-types list.
--can-ip-forward
If provided, allows the instances to send and receive packets with non-matching destination or source IP addresses.
--count=COUNT
Number of Compute Engine virtual machines to create. If specified, and --predefined-names is specified, count must equal the amount of names provided to --predefined-names. If not specified, the number of virtual machines created will equal the number of names provided to --predefined-names.
--create-disk=[PROPERTY=VALUE,…]
Creates and attaches persistent disks to the instances.
name
Specifies the name of the disk. This option cannot be specified if more than one instance is being created.
description
Optional textual description for the disk being created.
mode
Specifies the mode of the disk. Supported options are ro for read-only and rw for read-write. If omitted, rw is used as a default.
image
Specifies the name of the image that the disk will be initialized with. A new disk will be created based on the given image. To view a list of public images and projects, run $ gcloud compute images list. It is best practice to use image when a specific version of an image is needed. If both image and image-family flags are omitted a blank disk will be created.
image-family
The image family for the operating system that the boot disk will be initialized with. Compute Engine offers multiple Linux distributions, some of which are available as both regular and Shielded VM images. When a family is specified instead of an image, the latest non-deprecated image associated with that family is used. It is best practice to use --image-family when the latest version of an image is needed.
image-project
The Google Cloud project against which all image and image family references will be resolved. It is best practice to define image-project. A full list of available image projects can be generated by running gcloud compute images list.
  • If specifying one of our public images, image-project must be provided.
  • If there are several of the same image-family value in multiple projects, image-project must be specified to clarify the image to be used.
  • If not specified and either image or image-family is provided, the current default project is used.
size
The size of the disk. The value must be a whole number followed by a size unit of KB for kilobyte, MB for megabyte, GB for gigabyte, or TB for terabyte. For example, 10GB will produce a 10 gigabyte disk. Disk size must be a multiple of 1 GB. If not specified, the default image size will be used for the new disk.
type
The type of the disk. To get a list of available disk types, run $ gcloud compute disk-types list. The default disk type is pd-standard.
device-name
An optional name to display the disk name in the guest operating system. If omitted, a device name of the form persistent-disk-N is used.
provisioned-iops
Indicates how many IOPS to provision for the disk. This sets the number of I/O operations per second that the disk can handle. Value must be between 10,000 and 120,000.
provisioned-throughput
Indicates how much throughput to provision for the disk. This sets the number of throughput mb per second that the disk can handle.
disk-resource-policy
Resource policy to apply to the disk. Specify a full or partial URL. For example:
  • https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/regions/us-central1/resourcePolicies/my-resource-policy
  • projects/my-project/regions/us-central1/resourcePolicies/my-resource-policy

For more information, see the following docs:

auto-delete
If yes, this persistent disk will be automatically deleted when the instance is deleted. However, if the disk is later detached from the instance, this option won't apply. The default value for this is yes.
architecture
Specifies the architecture or processor type that this disk can support. For available processor types on Compute Engine, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/cpu-platforms.
storage-pool
The name of the storage pool in which the new disk is created. The new disk and the storage pool must be in the same location.
interface
The interface to use with the disk. The value must be one of the following:
  • SCSI
  • NVME
boot
If yes, indicates that this is a boot disk. The instance will use the first partition of the disk for its root file system. The default value for this is no.
kms-key
Fully qualified Cloud KMS cryptokey name that will protect the disk.

This can either be the fully qualified path or the name.

The fully qualified Cloud KMS cryptokey name format is: projects/<kms-project>/locations/<kms-location>/keyRings/<kms-keyring>/ cryptoKeys/<key-name>.

If the value is not fully qualified then kms-location, kms-keyring, and optionally kms-project are required.

See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/customer-managed-encryption for more details.

kms-project
Project that contains the Cloud KMS cryptokey that will protect the disk.

If the project is not specified then the project where the disk is being created will be used.

If this flag is set then key-location, kms-keyring, and kms-key are required.

See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/customer-managed-encryption for more details.

kms-location
Location of the Cloud KMS cryptokey to be used for protecting the disk.

All Cloud KMS cryptokeys are reside in a 'location'. To get a list of possible locations run 'gcloud kms locations list'. If this flag is set then kms-keyring and kms-key are required. See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/customer-managed-encryption for more details.

kms-keyring
The keyring which contains the Cloud KMS cryptokey that will protect the disk.

If this flag is set then kms-location and kms-key are required.

See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/customer-managed-encryption for more details.

source-snapshot
The source disk snapshot that will be used to create the disk. You can provide this as a full URL to the snapshot or just the snapshot name. For example, the following are valid values:
image-csek-required
Specifies the name of the CSK protected image that the disk will be initialized with. A new disk will be created based on the given image. To view a list of public images and projects, run $ gcloud compute images list. It is best practice to use image when a specific version of an image is needed. If both image and image-family flags are omitted a blank disk will be created. Must be specified with image-csek-key-file.
image-csek-key-file
Path to a Customer-Supplied Encryption Key (CSEK) key file for the image. Must be specified with image-csek-required.
replica-zones
Required for each regional disk associated with the instance. Specify the URLs of the zones where the disk should be replicated to. You must provide exactly two replica zones, and one zone must be the same as the instance zone.
--description=DESCRIPTION
Specifies a textual description of the instances.
--discard-local-ssds-at-termination-timestamp=DISCARD_LOCAL_SSDS_AT_TERMINATION_TIMESTAMP
Required to be set to true and only allowed for VMs that have one or more local SSDs, use --instance-termination-action=STOP, and use either --max-run-duration or --termination-time.

This flag indicates the value that you want Compute Engine to use for the --discard-local-ssd flag in the automatic gcloud compute instances stop command. This flag only supports the true value, which discards local SSD data when automatically stopping this VM during its terminationTimestamp.

For more information about the --discard-local-ssd flag, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/local-ssd#stop_instance.

--disk=[boot=BOOT],[device-name=DEVICE-NAME],[name=NAME],[scope=SCOPE]
Attaches persistent disks to the instances. The disks specified must already exist.
name
The disk to attach to the instances.
boot
If yes, indicates that this is a boot disk. The virtual machines will use the first partition of the disk for their root file systems. The default value for this is no.
device-name
An optional name to display the disk name in the guest operating system. If omitted, a device name of the form persistent-disk-N is used.
scope
Can be zonal or regional. If zonal, the disk is interpreted as a zonal disk in the same zone as the instance (default). If regional, the disk is interpreted as a regional disk in the same region as the instance. The default value for this is zonal.
--[no-]enable-nested-virtualization
If set to true, enables nested virtualization for the instance. Use --enable-nested-virtualization to enable and --no-enable-nested-virtualization to disable.
--[no-]enable-uefi-networking
If set to true, enables UEFI networking for the instance creation. Use --enable-uefi-networking to enable and --no-enable-uefi-networking to disable.
--erase-windows-vss-signature
Specifies whether the disk restored from source snapshots or source machine image should erase Windows specific VSS signature. See https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/disks/snapshot#--guest-flush
--instance-termination-action=INSTANCE_TERMINATION_ACTION
Specifies the termination action that will be taken upon VM preemption (--provisioning-model=SPOT) or automatic instance termination (--max-run-duration or --termination-time).

INSTANCE_TERMINATION_ACTION must be one of:

DELETE
Permanently delete the VM.
STOP
Default only for Spot VMs. Stop the VM without preserving memory. The VM can be restarted later.
--labels=[KEY=VALUE,…]
List of label KEY=VALUE pairs to add.

Keys must start with a lowercase character and contain only hyphens (-), underscores (_), lowercase characters, and numbers. Values must contain only hyphens (-), underscores (_), lowercase characters, and numbers.

--local-ssd=[device-name=DEVICE-NAME],[interface=INTERFACE],[size=SIZE]
Attaches a local SSD to the instances.
device-name
Optional. A name that indicates the disk name the guest operating system will see. Can only be specified if interface is SCSI. If omitted, a device name of the form local-ssd-N will be used.
interface
Optional. The kind of disk interface exposed to the VM for this SSD. Valid values are SCSI and NVME. SCSI is the default and is supported by more guest operating systems. NVME might provide higher performance.
size
Optional. The only valid value is 375GB. Specify the --local-ssd flag multiple times if you need multiple 375GB local SSD partitions. You can specify a maximum of 24 local SSDs for a maximum of 9TB attached to an instance.
--local-ssd-recovery-timeout=LOCAL_SSD_RECOVERY_TIMEOUT
Specifies the maximum amount of time a Local Ssd Vm should wait while recovery of the Local Ssd state is attempted. Its value should be in between 0 and 168 hours with hour granularity and the default value being 1 hour.
--location-policy=[ZONE=POLICY,…]
Policy for which zones to include or exclude during bulk instance creation within a region. Policy is defined as a list of key-value pairs, with the key being the zone name, and value being the applied policy. Available policies are allow and deny. Default for zones if left unspecified is allow.

Example:

gcloud compute instances bulk create --name-pattern=example-###
  --count=5 --region=us-east1
  --location-policy=us-east1-b=allow,us-east1-c=deny
--machine-type=MACHINE_TYPE
Specifies the machine type used for the instances. To get a list of available machine types, run 'gcloud compute machine-types list'. If unspecified, the default type is n1-standard-1.
--max-count-per-zone=[ZONE=MAX_COUNT_PER_ZONE,…]
Maximum number of instances per zone specified as key-value pairs. The zone name is the key and the max count per zone is the value in that zone.

Example:

gcloud compute instances bulk create --name-pattern=example-###
  --count=5 --region=us-east1
  --max-count-per-zone=us-east1-b=2,us-east-1-c=1
--max-run-duration=MAX_RUN_DURATION
Limits how long this VM instance can run, specified as a duration relative to the last time when the VM began running. Format the duration, MAX_RUN_DURATION, as the number of days, hours, minutes, and seconds followed by d, h, m, and s respectively. For example, specify 30m for a duration of 30 minutes or specify 1d2h3m4s for a duration of 1 day, 2 hours, 3 minutes, and 4 seconds. Alternatively, to specify a timestamp, use --termination-time instead.

If neither --max-run-duration nor --termination-time is specified (default), the VM instance runs until prompted by a user action or system event. If either is specified, the VM instance is scheduled to be automatically terminated at the VM's termination timestamp (terminationTimestamp) using the action specified by --instance-termination-action.

Note: The terminationTimestamp is removed whenever the VM is stopped or suspended and redefined whenever the VM is rerun. For --max-run-duration specifically, the terminationTimestamp is the sum of MAX_RUN_DURATION and the time when the VM last entered the RUNNING state, which changes whenever the VM is rerun.

--metadata=KEY=VALUE,[KEY=VALUE,…]
Metadata to be made available to the guest operating system running on the instances. Each metadata entry is a key/value pair separated by an equals sign. Each metadata key must be unique and have a max of 128 bytes in length. Each value must have a max of 256 KB in length. Multiple arguments can be passed to this flag, e.g., --metadata key-1=value-1,key-2=value-2,key-3=value-3. The combined total size for all metadata entries is 512 KB.

In images that have Compute Engine tools installed on them, such as the official images, the following metadata keys have special meanings:

startup-script
Specifies a script that will be executed by the instances once they start running. For convenience, --metadata-from-file can be used to pull the value from a file.
startup-script-url
Same as startup-script except that the script contents are pulled from a publicly-accessible location on the web. For startup scripts on Windows instances, the following metadata keys have special meanings: windows-startup-script-url, windows-startup-script-cmd, windows-startup-script-bat, windows-startup-script-ps1, sysprep-specialize-script-url, sysprep-specialize-script-cmd, sysprep-specialize-script-bat, and sysprep-specialize-script-ps1. For more information, see Running startup scripts.
--metadata-from-file=KEY=LOCAL_FILE_PATH,[…]
Same as --metadata except that the value for the entry will be read from a local file. This is useful for values that are too large such as startup-script contents.
--min-count=MIN_COUNT
The minimum number of Compute Engine virtual machines that must be successfully created for the operation to be considered a success. If the operation successfully creates as many virtual machines as specified here they will be persisted, otherwise the operation rolls back and deletes all created virtual machines. If not specified, this value is equal to --count.
--min-cpu-platform=PLATFORM
When specified, the VM will be scheduled on host with specified CPU architecture or a newer one. To list available CPU platforms in given zone, run:
gcloud compute zones describe ZONE --format="value(availableCpuPlatforms)"

Default setting is "AUTOMATIC".

CPU platform selection is available only in selected zones.

You can find more information on-line: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/specify-min-cpu-platform

--min-node-cpu=MIN_NODE_CPU
Minimum number of virtual CPUs this instance will consume when running on a sole-tenant node.
--network=NETWORK
Specifies the network that the VM instances are a part of. If --subnet is also specified, subnet must be a subnetwork of the network specified by this --network flag. If neither is specified, the default network is used.
--network-interface=[PROPERTY=VALUE,…]
Adds a network interface to the instance. Mutually exclusive with any of these flags: --network, --network-tier, --no-address, --subnet, --stack-type. This flag can be repeated to specify multiple network interfaces.
network
Specifies the network that the interface will be part of. If subnet is also specified it must be subnetwork of this network. If neither is specified, this defaults to the "default" network.
network-tier
Specifies the network tier of the interface. NETWORK_TIER must be one of: PREMIUM, STANDARD. The default value is PREMIUM.
subnet
Specifies the subnet that the interface will be part of. If network key is also specified this must be a subnetwork of the specified network.
nic-type
Specifies the Network Interface Controller (NIC) type for the interface. NIC_TYPE must be one of: GVNIC, VIRTIO_NET.
no-address
If specified the interface will have no external IP. If not specified instances will get ephemeral IPs.
queue-count
Specifies the networking queue count for this interface. Both Rx and Tx queues will be set to this number. If it's not specified, a default queue count will be assigned. See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/network-bandwidth#rx-tx for more details.
stack-type
Specifies whether IPv6 is enabled on the interface. STACK_TYPE must be one of: IPV4_ONLY, IPV4_IPV6, IPV6_ONLY. The default value is IPV4_ONLY.
--network-performance-configs=[PROPERTY=VALUE,…]
Configures network performance settings for the instance. If this flag is not specified, the instance will be created with its default network performance configuration.
total-egress-bandwidth-tier
Total egress bandwidth is the available outbound bandwidth from a VM, regardless of whether the traffic is going to internal IP or external IP destinations. The following tier values are allowed: [DEFAULT,TIER_1]
--network-tier=NETWORK_TIER
Specifies the network tier that will be used to configure the instance. NETWORK_TIER must be one of: PREMIUM, STANDARD. The default value is PREMIUM.
--performance-monitoring-unit=PERFORMANCE_MONITORING_UNIT
The type of performance monitoring counters (PMCs) to enable in the instance. PERFORMANCE_MONITORING_UNIT must be one of:
architectural
This enables architecturally defined non-last level cache (LLC) events.
enhanced
This enables most documented core/L2 and LLC events.
standard
This enables most documented core/L2 events.
--post-key-revocation-action-type=POLICY
Specifies the behavior of the instance when the KMS key of one of its attached disks is revoked. The default is noop. POLICY must be one of:
noop
No operation is performed.
shutdown
The instance is shut down when the KMS key of one of its attached disks is revoked.
--preemptible
If provided, instances will be preemptible and time-limited. Instances might be preempted to free up resources for standard VM instances, and will only be able to run for a limited amount of time. Preemptible instances can not be restarted and will not migrate.
--provisioning-model=PROVISIONING_MODEL
Specifies provisioning model, which determines price, obtainability, and runtime for the VM instance. PROVISIONING_MODEL must be one of:
SPOT
Spot VMs are spare capacity; Spot VMs are discounted to have much lower prices than standard VMs but have no guaranteed runtime. Spot VMs are the new version of preemptible VM instances, except Spot VMs do not have a 24-hour maximum runtime.
STANDARD
Default. Standard provisioning model for VM instances, which has user-controlled runtime but no Spot discounts.
--resource-manager-tags=[KEY=VALUE,…]
Specifies a list of resource manager tags to apply to the instance.
--resource-policies=[RESOURCE_POLICY,…]
A list of resource policy names to be added to the instance. The policies must exist in the same region as the instance.
--restart-on-failure
The instances will be restarted if they are terminated by Compute Engine. This does not affect terminations performed by the user. Enabled by default, use --no-restart-on-failure to disable.
--shielded-integrity-monitoring
Enables monitoring and attestation of the boot integrity of the instance. The attestation is performed against the integrity policy baseline. This baseline is initially derived from the implicitly trusted boot image when the instance is created. This baseline can be updated by using gcloud compute instances update --shielded-learn-integrity-policy. On Shielded VM instances, integrity monitoring is enabled by default. For information about how to modify Shielded VM options, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/modifying-shielded-vm. For information about monitoring integrity on Shielded VM instances, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/integrity-monitoring."
--shielded-secure-boot
The instance boots with secure boot enabled. On Shielded VM instances, Secure Boot is not enabled by default. For information about how to modify Shielded VM options, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/modifying-shielded-vm.
--shielded-vtpm
The instance boots with the TPM (Trusted Platform Module) enabled. A TPM is a hardware module that can be used for different security operations such as remote attestation, encryption, and sealing of keys. On Shielded VM instances, vTPM is enabled by default. For information about how to modify Shielded VM options, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/modifying-shielded-vm.
--source-instance-template=SOURCE_INSTANCE_TEMPLATE
The name of the instance template that the instance will be created from. Users can override fields by specifying other flags.
--stack-type=STACK_TYPE
Specifies whether IPv6 is enabled on the default network interface. If not specified, IPV4_ONLY will be used. STACK_TYPE must be one of:
IPV4_IPV6
The network interface can have both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
IPV4_ONLY
The network interface will be assigned IPv4 addresses
IPV6_ONLY
The network interface will be assigned IPv6 addresses
--subnet=SUBNET
Specifies the subnet that the VM instances are a part of. If --network is also specified, subnet must be a subnetwork of the network specified by the --network flag.
--tags=TAG,[TAG,…]
Specifies a list of tags to apply to the instance. These tags allow network firewall rules and routes to be applied to specified VM instances. See gcloud compute firewall-rules create(1) for more details.

To read more about configuring network tags, read this guide: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/add-remove-network-tags

To list instances with their respective status and tags, run:

gcloud compute instances list --format='table(name,status,tags.list())'

To list instances tagged with a specific tag, tag1, run:

gcloud compute instances list --filter='tags:tag1'
--target-distribution-shape=SHAPE
Specifies whether and how to distribute VMs across multiple zones in a region or to enforce placement of VMs in a single zone. The default shape is ANY_SINGLE_ZONE. SHAPE must be one of:
ANY
Allows creating VMs in multiple zones if one zone cannot accommodate all the requested VMs. The resulting distribution shapes can vary.
ANY_SINGLE_ZONE
Enforces VM placement in one allowed zone. Use this to avoid cross-zone network egress or to reduce network latency. This is the default value.
BALANCED
Allows distribution of VMs in zones where resources are available while distributing VMs as evenly as possible across selected zones to minimize the impact of zonal failures. Recommended for highly available serving or batch workloads.
--termination-time=TERMINATION_TIME
Limits how long this VM instance can run, specified as a time. Format the time, TERMINATION_TIME, as a RFC 3339 timestamp. For more information, see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339. Alternatively, to specify a duration, use --max-run-duration instead.

If neither --termination-time nor --max-run-duration is specified (default), the VM instance runs until prompted by a user action or system event. If either is specified, the VM instance is scheduled to be automatically terminated at the VM's termination timestamp (terminationTimestamp) using the action specified by --instance-termination-action.

Note: The terminationTimestamp is removed whenever the VM is stopped or suspended and redefined whenever the VM is rerun. For --termination-time specifically, the terminationTimestamp remains the same whenever the VM is rerun, but any requests to rerun the VM fail if the specified timestamp is in the past.

--threads-per-core=THREADS_PER_CORE
The number of visible threads per physical core. To disable simultaneous multithreading (SMT) set this to 1. Valid values are: 1 or 2.

For more information about configuring SMT, see: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/configuring-simultaneous-multithreading.

--turbo-mode=TURBO_MODE
Turbo mode to use for the instance. Supported modes include:
  • ALL_CORE_MAX

To achieve all-core-turbo frequency for more consistent CPU performance, set the field to ALL_CORE_MAX. The field is unset by default, which results in maximum performance single-core boosting.

--visible-core-count=VISIBLE_CORE_COUNT
The number of physical cores to expose to the instance's guest operating system. The number of virtual CPUs visible to the instance's guest operating system is this number of cores multiplied by the instance's count of visible threads per physical core.
Key resource - The Cloud KMS (Key Management Service) cryptokey that will be used to protect the disk. The 'Compute Engine Service Agent' service account must hold permission 'Cloud KMS CryptoKey Encrypter/Decrypter'. The arguments in this group can be used to specify the attributes of this resource.
--boot-disk-kms-key=BOOT_DISK_KMS_KEY
ID of the key or fully qualified identifier for the key.

To set the kms-key attribute:

  • provide the argument --boot-disk-kms-key on the command line.

This flag argument must be specified if any of the other arguments in this group are specified.

--boot-disk-kms-keyring=BOOT_DISK_KMS_KEYRING
The KMS keyring of the key.

To set the kms-keyring attribute:

  • provide the argument --boot-disk-kms-key on the command line with a fully specified name;
  • provide the argument --boot-disk-kms-keyring on the command line.
--boot-disk-kms-location=BOOT_DISK_KMS_LOCATION
The Google Cloud location for the key.

To set the kms-location attribute:

  • provide the argument --boot-disk-kms-key on the command line with a fully specified name;
  • provide the argument --boot-disk-kms-location on the command line.
--boot-disk-kms-project=BOOT_DISK_KMS_PROJECT
The Google Cloud project for the key.

To set the kms-project attribute:

  • provide the argument --boot-disk-kms-key on the command line with a fully specified name;
  • provide the argument --boot-disk-kms-project on the command line;
  • set the property core/project.
At most one of these can be specified:
--confidential-compute
(DEPRECATED) The instance boots with Confidential Computing enabled. Confidential Computing is based on Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV), an AMD virtualization feature for running confidential instances.

The --confidential-compute flag will soon be deprecated. Please use --confidential-compute-type=SEV instead

--confidential-compute-type=CONFIDENTIAL_COMPUTE_TYPE
The instance boots with Confidential Computing enabled. Confidential Computing can be based on Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) or Secure Encrypted Virtualization - Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP), both of which are AMD virtualization features for running confidential instances. Trust Domain eXtension based on Intel virtualization features for running confidential instances is also supported. CONFIDENTIAL_COMPUTE_TYPE must be one of:
SEV
Secure Encrypted Virtualization
SEV_SNP
Secure Encrypted Virtualization - Secure Nested Paging
TDX
Trust Domain eXtension
Custom machine type extensions.
--custom-cpu=CUSTOM_CPU
A whole number value specifying the number of cores that are needed in the custom machine type.

For some machine types, shared-core values can also be used. For example, for E2 machine types, you can specify micro, small, or medium.

This flag argument must be specified if any of the other arguments in this group are specified.

--custom-memory=CUSTOM_MEMORY
A whole number value indicating how much memory is desired in the custom machine type. A size unit should be provided (eg. 3072MB or 9GB) - if no units are specified, GB is assumed.

This flag argument must be specified if any of the other arguments in this group are specified.

--custom-extensions
Use the extended custom machine type.
--custom-vm-type=CUSTOM_VM_TYPE
Specifies a custom machine type. The default is n1. For more information about custom machine types, see: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#custom_machine_types
--image-project=IMAGE_PROJECT
The Google Cloud project against which all image and image family references will be resolved. It is best practice to define image-project. A full list of available projects can be generated by running gcloud projects list.
  • If specifying one of our public images, image-project must be provided.
  • If there are several of the same image-family value in multiple projects, image-project must be specified to clarify the image to be used.
  • If not specified and either image or image-family is provided, the current default project is used.
At most one of these can be specified:
--image=IMAGE
Specifies the boot image for the instances. For each instance, a new boot disk will be created from the given image. Each boot disk will have the same name as the instance. To view a list of public images and projects, run $ gcloud compute images list. It is best practice to use --image when a specific version of an image is needed.

When using this option, --boot-disk-device-name and --boot-disk-size can be used to override the boot disk's device name and size, respectively.

--image-family=IMAGE_FAMILY
The image family for the operating system that the boot disk will be initialized with. Compute Engine offers multiple Linux distributions, some of which are available as both regular and Shielded VM images. When a family is specified instead of an image, the latest non-deprecated image associated with that family is used. It is best practice to use --image-family when the latest version of an image is needed.

By default, debian-11 is assumed for this flag.

--source-snapshot=SOURCE_SNAPSHOT
The name of the source disk snapshot that the instance boot disk will be created from. You can provide this as a full URL to the snapshot or just the snapshot name. For example, the following are valid values:
Maintenance Behavior.

At most one of these can be specified:

--maintenance-policy=MAINTENANCE_POLICY
(DEPRECATED) Specifies the behavior of the VMs when their host machines undergo maintenance. The default is MIGRATE. For more information, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/host-maintenance-options.

The --maintenance-policy flag is now deprecated. Please use --on-host-maintenance instead. MAINTENANCE_POLICY must be one of:

MIGRATE
The instances should be migrated to a new host. This will temporarily impact the performance of instances during a migration event.
TERMINATE
The instances should be terminated.
--on-host-maintenance=MAINTENANCE_POLICY
Specifies the behavior of the VMs when their host machines undergo maintenance. The default is MIGRATE. For more information, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/host-maintenance-options. MAINTENANCE_POLICY must be one of:
MIGRATE
The instances should be migrated to a new host. This will temporarily impact the performance of instances during a migration event.
TERMINATE
The instances should be terminated.
At most one of these can be specified:
--public-dns
Assigns a public DNS name to the instance.
--no-public-dns
If provided, the instance will not be assigned a public DNS name.
Specifies the reservation for the instance.
--reservation=RESERVATION
The name of the reservation, required when --reservation-affinity=specific.
--reservation-affinity=RESERVATION_AFFINITY; default="any"
The type of reservation for the instance. RESERVATION_AFFINITY must be one of:
any
Consume any available, matching reservation.
none
Do not consume from any reserved capacity.
specific
Must consume from a specific reservation.
At most one of these can be specified:
--scopes=[SCOPE,…]
If not provided, the instance will be assigned the default scopes, described below. However, if neither --scopes nor --no-scopes are specified and the project has no default service account, then the instance will be created with no scopes. Note that the level of access that a service account has is determined by a combination of access scopes and IAM roles so you must configure both access scopes and IAM roles for the service account to work properly.

SCOPE can be either the full URI of the scope or an alias. Default scopes are assigned to all instances. Available aliases are:

Alias URI
bigquery https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery
cloud-platform https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform
cloud-source-repos https://www.googleapis.com/auth/source.full_control
cloud-source-repos-ro https://www.googleapis.com/auth/source.read_only
compute-ro https://www.googleapis.com/auth/compute.readonly
compute-rw https://www.googleapis.com/auth/compute
datastore https://www.googleapis.com/auth/datastore
default https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/pubsub
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append
gke-default https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append
logging-write https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write
monitoring https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring
monitoring-read https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.read
monitoring-write https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write
pubsub https://www.googleapis.com/auth/pubsub
service-control https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol
service-management https://www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly
sql (deprecated) https://www.googleapis.com/auth/sqlservice
sql-admin https://www.googleapis.com/auth/sqlservice.admin
storage-full https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.full_control
storage-ro https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only
storage-rw https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_write
taskqueue https://www.googleapis.com/auth/taskqueue
trace https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append
userinfo-email https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email
DEPRECATION WARNING: https://www.googleapis.com/auth/sqlservice account scope and sql alias do not provide SQL instance management capabilities and have been deprecated. Please, use https://www.googleapis.com/auth/sqlservice.admin or sql-admin to manage your Google SQL Service instances.
--no-scopes
Create instance without scopes
At most one of these can be specified:
--service-account=SERVICE_ACCOUNT
A service account is an identity attached to the instance. Its access tokens can be accessed through the instance metadata server and are used to authenticate applications on the instance. The account can be set using an email address corresponding to the required service account.

If not provided, the instance will use the project's default service account.

--no-service-account
Create instance without service account
GCLOUD WIDE FLAGS
These flags are available to all commands: --access-token-file, --account, --billing-project, --configuration, --flags-file, --flatten, --format, --help, --impersonate-service-account, --log-http, --project, --quiet, --trace-token, --user-output-enabled, --verbosity.

Run $ gcloud help for details.

NOTES
These variants are also available:
gcloud alpha compute instances bulk create
gcloud beta compute instances bulk create