Kontrol akses dengan IAM

Topik ini menunjukkan cara mengelola akses ke resource Cloud KMS.

Ringkasan

Untuk mengelola akses ke resource Cloud KMS, seperti kunci dan ring kunci, Anda harus memberikan peran Identity and Access Management (IAM). Anda dapat memberikan atau membatasi kemampuan untuk melakukan operasi kriptografis tertentu, seperti memutar kunci atau mengenkripsi data. Anda dapat memberikan peran IAM di:

• Kunci secara langsung
• Key ring, yang diwarisi oleh semua kunci dalam key ring tersebut
• Project Google Cloud, yang diwarisi oleh semua kunci dalam project
• Folder Google Cloud, yang diwarisi oleh semua kunci di semua project dalam folder
• Organisasi Google Cloud, yang diwarisi oleh semua kunci di folder dalam organisasi

Untuk mengetahui daftar lengkap tindakan Cloud KMS serta peran dan izin IAM, lihat Izin dan peran. Untuk daftar lengkap resource Cloud KMS dan hubungannya satu sama lain, lihat Resource Cloud KMS.

Sebelum memulai

Untuk menyelesaikan tugas ini, Anda memerlukan izin untuk mengelola resource Cloud KMS di project Google Cloud. Peran Admin Cloud KMS (roles/cloudkms.admin) mencakup izin yang diperlukan.

1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

4. Enable the required API.

   Enable the API

5. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

6. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

   gcloud init

7. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

8. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

9. Enable the required API.

   Enable the API

10. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

11. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

    gcloud init

12. Buat resource, seperti key ring.
13. Dapatkan ID resource untuk resource yang dibuat, seperti key ring, kunci, dan versi kunci.

Hanya akun utama IAM dengan peran Pemilik (roles/owner) atau Admin Cloud KMS (roles/cloudkms.admin) yang dapat memberikan atau mencabut akses ke resource Cloud KMS.

Memberikan peran pada resource

Contoh berikut memberikan peran yang memberikan akses ke kunci Cloud KMS:

gcloud

Untuk menggunakan Cloud KMS di command line, pertama-tama Instal atau upgrade ke Google Cloud CLI versi terbaru.

gcloud kms keys add-iam-policy-binding key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location \
    --member principal-type:principal-email \
    --role roles/role

Ganti key dengan nama kunci. Ganti key-ring dengan nama key ring tempat kunci berada. Ganti location dengan lokasi Cloud KMS untuk key ring. Ganti principal-type dan principal-email dengan jenis prinsipal dan alamat email prinsipal. Ganti role dengan nama peran yang akan ditambahkan.

C#

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan C# terlebih dahulu dan instal Cloud KMS C# SDK.

using Google.Cloud.Iam.V1;
using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;

public class IamAddMemberSample
{
    public Policy IamAddMember(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key",
      string member = "user:[e-mail]")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the resource name.
        CryptoKeyName resourceName = new CryptoKeyName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

        // The resource name could also be a key ring.
        // var resourceName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Get the current IAM policy.
        Policy policy = client.IAMPolicyClient.GetIamPolicy(
            new GetIamPolicyRequest
            { 
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName
            });

        // Add the member to the policy.
        policy.AddRoleMember("roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter", member);

        // Save the updated IAM policy.
        Policy result = client.IAMPolicyClient.SetIamPolicy(
            new SetIamPolicyRequest
            {
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName,
                Policy = policy
            });

        // Return the resulting policy.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Go terlebih dahulu, lalu instal Cloud KMS Go SDK.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
)

// iamAddMember adds a new IAM member to the Cloud KMS key
func iamAddMember(w io.Writer, name, member string) error {
	// NOTE: The resource name can be either a key or a key ring. If IAM
	// permissions are granted on the key ring, the permissions apply to all keys
	// in the key ring.
	//
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key"
	// member := "user:[e-mail]"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Get the current IAM policy.
	handle := client.ResourceIAM(name)
	policy, err := handle.Policy(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get IAM policy: %w", err)
	}

	// Grant the member permissions. This example grants permission to use the key
	// to encrypt data.
	policy.Add(member, "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter")
	if err := handle.SetPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save policy: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updated IAM policy for %s\n", name)
	return nil
}

Java

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Java terlebih dahulu dan instal Cloud KMS Java SDK.

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.iam.v1.Binding;
import com.google.iam.v1.Policy;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IamAddMember {

  public void iamAddMember() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    String member = "user:[e-mail]";
    iamAddMember(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, member);
  }

  // Add the given IAM member to the key.
  public void iamAddMember(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId, String member)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyName resourceName = CryptoKeyName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

      // The resource name could also be a key ring.
      // KeyRingName resourceName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Get the current policy.
      Policy policy = client.getIamPolicy(resourceName);

      // Create a new IAM binding for the member and role.
      Binding binding =
          Binding.newBuilder()
              .setRole("roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter")
              .addMembers(member)
              .build();

      // Add the binding to the policy.
      Policy newPolicy = policy.toBuilder().addBindings(binding).build();

      client.setIamPolicy(resourceName, newPolicy);
      System.out.printf("Updated IAM policy for %s%n", resourceName.toString());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Node.js terlebih dahulu dan instal Cloud KMS Node.js SDK.

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';
// const member = 'user:[e-mail]';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the resource name
const resourceName = client.cryptoKeyPath(
  projectId,
  locationId,
  keyRingId,
  keyId
);

// The resource name could also be a key ring.
// const resourceName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function iamAddMember() {
  // Get the current IAM policy.
  const [policy] = await client.getIamPolicy({
    resource: resourceName,
  });

  // Add the member to the policy.
  policy.bindings.push({
    role: 'roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter',
    members: [member],
  });

  // Save the updated policy.
  const [updatedPolicy] = await client.setIamPolicy({
    resource: resourceName,
    policy: policy,
  });

  console.log('Updated policy');
  return updatedPolicy;
}

return iamAddMember();

PHP

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, pertama-tama pelajari cara menggunakan PHP di Google Cloud dan menginstal Cloud KMS PHP SDK.

use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\Binding;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\GetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\SetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;

function iam_add_member(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key',
    string $member = 'user:[e-mail]'
) {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the resource name.
    $resourceName = $client->cryptoKeyName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId);

    // The resource name could also be a key ring.
    // $resourceName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Get the current IAM policy.
    $getIamPolicyRequest = (new GetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resourceName);
    $policy = $client->getIamPolicy($getIamPolicyRequest);

    // Add the member to the policy.
    $bindings = $policy->getBindings();
    $bindings[] = (new Binding())
        ->setRole('roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter')
        ->setMembers([$member]);
    $policy->setBindings($bindings);

    // Save the updated IAM policy.
    $setIamPolicyRequest = (new SetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resourceName)
        ->setPolicy($policy);
    $updatedPolicy = $client->setIamPolicy($setIamPolicyRequest);
    printf('Added %s' . PHP_EOL, $member);

    return $updatedPolicy;
}

Python

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, pertama-tama siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Python dan instal Cloud KMS Python SDK.

from google.cloud import kms
from google.iam.v1 import policy_pb2 as iam_policy


def iam_add_member(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str, member: str
) -> iam_policy.Policy:
    """
    Add an IAM member to a resource.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').
        member (string): Member to add (e.g. 'user:[e-mail]')

    Returns:
        Policy: Updated Cloud IAM policy.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the resource name.
    resource_name = client.crypto_key_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id)

    # The resource name could also be a key ring.
    # resource_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id);

    # Get the current policy.
    policy = client.get_iam_policy(request={"resource": resource_name})

    # Add the member to the policy.
    policy.bindings.add(
        role="roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter", members=[member]
    )

    # Save the updated IAM policy.
    request = {"resource": resource_name, "policy": policy}

    updated_policy = client.set_iam_policy(request=request)
    print(f"Added {member} to {resource_name}")
    return updated_policy

Ruby

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Ruby terlebih dahulu, lalu instal Cloud KMS Ruby SDK.

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"
# member      = "user:[e-mail]"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the resource name.
resource_name = client.crypto_key_path project:    project_id,
                                       location:   location_id,
                                       key_ring:   key_ring_id,
                                       crypto_key: key_id

# The resource name could also be a key ring.
# resource_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Create the IAM client.
iam_client = Google::Cloud::Kms::V1::IAMPolicy::Client.new

# Get the current IAM policy.
policy = iam_client.get_iam_policy resource: resource_name

# Add the member to the policy.
policy.bindings << Google::Iam::V1::Binding.new(
  members: [member],
  role:    "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter"
)

# Save the updated policy.
updated_policy = iam_client.set_iam_policy resource: resource_name, policy: policy
puts "Added #{member}"

Mencabut akses ke resource

Untuk menghapus akses akun utama ke kunci Cloud KMS:

gcloud

Untuk menggunakan Cloud KMS di command line, pertama-tama Instal atau upgrade ke Google Cloud CLI versi terbaru.

gcloud kms keys remove-iam-policy-binding key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location \
    --member principal-type:principal-email \
    --role roles/role-name

Ganti key dengan nama kunci. Ganti key-ring dengan nama key ring tempat kunci berada. Ganti location dengan lokasi Cloud KMS untuk key ring. Ganti principal-type dan principal-email dengan jenis prinsipal dan alamat email prinsipal. Ganti role-name dengan nama peran yang akan dihapus.

Untuk mengetahui informasi tentang semua flag dan kemungkinan nilai, jalankan perintah dengan flag --help.

C#

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan C# terlebih dahulu dan instal Cloud KMS C# SDK.

using Google.Cloud.Iam.V1;
using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;

public class IamRemoveMemberSample
{
    public Policy IamRemoveMember(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key",
      string member = "user:[e-mail]")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the resource name.
        CryptoKeyName resourceName = new CryptoKeyName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

        // The resource name could also be a key ring.
        // var resourceName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Get the current IAM policy.
        Policy policy = client.IAMPolicyClient.GetIamPolicy(
            new GetIamPolicyRequest
            {
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName
            });

        // Add the member to the policy.
        policy.RemoveRoleMember("roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter", member);

        // Save the updated IAM policy.
        Policy result = client.IAMPolicyClient.SetIamPolicy(
            new SetIamPolicyRequest
            {
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName,
                Policy = policy
            });

        // Return the resulting policy.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Go terlebih dahulu, lalu instal Cloud KMS Go SDK.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
)

// iamRemoveMember removes the IAM member from the Cloud KMS key, if they exist.
func iamRemoveMember(w io.Writer, name, member string) error {
	// NOTE: The resource name can be either a key or a key ring.
	//
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key"
	// member := "user:[e-mail]"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Get the current IAM policy.
	handle := client.ResourceIAM(name)
	policy, err := handle.Policy(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get IAM policy: %w", err)
	}

	// Grant the member permissions. This example grants permission to use the key
	// to encrypt data.
	policy.Remove(member, "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter")
	if err := handle.SetPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save policy: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updated IAM policy for %s\n", name)
	return nil
}

Java

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Java terlebih dahulu dan instal Cloud KMS Java SDK.

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.iam.v1.Binding;
import com.google.iam.v1.Policy;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IamRemoveMember {

  public void iamRemoveMember() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    String member = "user:[e-mail]";
    iamRemoveMember(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, member);
  }

  // Remove the given IAM membership on the resource, if it exists.
  public void iamRemoveMember(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId, String member)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyName resourceName = CryptoKeyName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

      // The resource name could also be a key ring.
      // KeyRingName resourceName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Get the current policy.
      Policy policy = client.getIamPolicy(resourceName);

      // Search through the bindings and remove matches.
      String roleToFind = "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter";
      for (Binding binding : policy.getBindingsList()) {
        if (binding.getRole().equals(roleToFind) && binding.getMembersList().contains(member)) {
          binding.getMembersList().remove(member);
        }
      }

      client.setIamPolicy(resourceName, policy);
      System.out.printf("Updated IAM policy for %s%n", resourceName.toString());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Node.js terlebih dahulu dan instal Cloud KMS Node.js SDK.

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';
// const member = 'user:[e-mail]';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the resource name
const resourceName = client.cryptoKeyPath(
  projectId,
  locationId,
  keyRingId,
  keyId
);

// The resource name could also be a key ring.
// const resourceName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function iamRemoveMember() {
  // Get the current IAM policy.
  const [policy] = await client.getIamPolicy({
    resource: resourceName,
  });

  // Build a new list of policy bindings with the user excluded.
  for (const i in policy.bindings) {
    const binding = policy.bindings[i];
    if (binding.role !== 'roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter') {
      continue;
    }

    const idx = binding.members.indexOf(member);
    if (idx !== -1) {
      binding.members.splice(idx, 1);
    }
  }

  // Save the updated IAM policy.
  const [updatedPolicy] = await client.setIamPolicy({
    resource: resourceName,
    policy: policy,
  });

  console.log('Updated policy');
  return updatedPolicy;
}

return iamRemoveMember();

PHP

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, pertama-tama pelajari cara menggunakan PHP di Google Cloud dan menginstal Cloud KMS PHP SDK.

use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\Binding;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\GetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\Policy;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\SetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;

function iam_remove_member(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key',
    string $member = 'user:[e-mail]'
): Policy {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the resource name.
    $resourceName = $client->cryptoKeyName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId);

    // The resource name could also be a key ring.
    // $resourceName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Get the current IAM policy.
    $getIamPolicyRequest = (new GetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resourceName);
    $policy = $client->getIamPolicy($getIamPolicyRequest);

    // Remove the member from the policy by creating a new policy with everyone
    // but the member to remove.
    $newPolicy = new Policy();
    foreach ($policy->getBindings() as $binding) {
        if ($binding->getRole() !== 'roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter') {
            $newPolicy->getBindings()[] = $binding;
        } else {
            $newBinding = (new Binding())
              ->setRole($binding->getRole());

            $newMembers = [];
            foreach ($binding->getMembers() as $existingMember) {
                if ($member !== $existingMember) {
                    $newMembers[] = $existingMember;
                }
            }

            $newPolicy->getBindings()[] = (new Binding())
              ->setRole($binding->getRole())
              ->setMembers($newMembers);
        }
    }

    // Save the updated IAM policy.
    $setIamPolicyRequest = (new SetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resourceName)
        ->setPolicy($newPolicy);
    $updatedPolicy = $client->setIamPolicy($setIamPolicyRequest);
    printf('Removed %s' . PHP_EOL, $member);

    return $updatedPolicy;
}

Python

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, pertama-tama siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Python dan instal Cloud KMS Python SDK.

from google.cloud import kms
from google.iam.v1 import policy_pb2 as iam_policy


def iam_remove_member(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str, member: str
) -> iam_policy.Policy:
    """
    Remove an IAM member from a resource.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').
        member (string): Member to remove (e.g. 'user:[e-mail]')

    Returns:
        Policy: Updated Cloud IAM policy.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the resource name.
    resource_name = client.crypto_key_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id)

    # The resource name could also be a key ring.
    # resource_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id);

    # Get the current policy.
    policy = client.get_iam_policy(request={"resource": resource_name})

    # Remove the member from the policy.
    for binding in policy.bindings:
        if binding.role == "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter":
            if member in binding.members:
                binding.members.remove(member)

    # Save the updated IAM policy.
    request = {"resource": resource_name, "policy": policy}
    updated_policy = client.set_iam_policy(request=request)
    print(f"Removed {member} from {resource_name}")
    return updated_policy

Ruby

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Ruby terlebih dahulu, lalu instal Cloud KMS Ruby SDK.

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"
# member      = "user:[e-mail]"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the resource name.
resource_name = client.crypto_key_path project:    project_id,
                                       location:   location_id,
                                       key_ring:   key_ring_id,
                                       crypto_key: key_id

# The resource name could also be a key ring.
# resource_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Create the IAM client.
iam_client = Google::Cloud::Kms::V1::IAMPolicy::Client.new

# Get the current IAM policy.
policy = iam_client.get_iam_policy resource: resource_name

# Remove the member from the current bindings
policy.bindings.each do |bind|
  if bind.role == "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter"
    bind.members.delete member
  end
end

# Save the updated policy.
updated_policy = iam_client.set_iam_policy resource: resource_name, policy: policy
puts "Removed #{member}"

Melihat izin di resource

Untuk melihat kebijakan IAM untuk kunci Cloud KMS:

gcloud

Untuk menggunakan Cloud KMS di command line, pertama-tama Instal atau upgrade ke Google Cloud CLI versi terbaru.

gcloud kms keys get-iam-policy key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location

Ganti key dengan nama kunci. Ganti key-ring dengan nama key ring tempat kunci berada. Ganti location dengan lokasi Cloud KMS untuk key ring.

Untuk mengetahui informasi tentang semua flag dan kemungkinan nilai, jalankan perintah dengan flag --help.

C#

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan C# terlebih dahulu dan instal Cloud KMS C# SDK.

using Google.Cloud.Iam.V1;
using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;
using System;

public class IamGetPolicySample
{
    public Policy IamGetPolicy(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the resource name.
        CryptoKeyName resourceName = new CryptoKeyName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

        // The resource name could also be a key ring.
        // var resourceName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Get the current IAM policy.
        Policy policy = client.IAMPolicyClient.GetIamPolicy(
            new GetIamPolicyRequest
            {
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName
            });

        // Print the policy.
        foreach (Binding b in policy.Bindings)
        {
            String role = b.Role;

            foreach (String member in b.Members)
            {
                // ...
            }
        }

        // Return the policy.
        return policy;
    }
}

Go

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Go terlebih dahulu, lalu instal Cloud KMS Go SDK.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
)

// iamGetPolicy retrieves and prints the Cloud IAM policy associated with the
// Cloud KMS key.
func iamGetPolicy(w io.Writer, name string) error {
	// NOTE: The resource name can be either a key or a key ring.
	//
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key"
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Get the current policy.
	policy, err := client.ResourceIAM(name).Policy(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get IAM policy: %w", err)
	}

	// Print the policy members.
	for _, role := range policy.Roles() {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", role)
		for _, member := range policy.Members(role) {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "- %s\n", member)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n")
	}
	return nil
}

Java

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Java terlebih dahulu dan instal Cloud KMS Java SDK.

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.iam.v1.Binding;
import com.google.iam.v1.Policy;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IamGetPolicy {

  public void iamGetPolicy() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    iamGetPolicy(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);
  }

  // Get the IAM policy for the given key.
  public void iamGetPolicy(String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyName resourceName = CryptoKeyName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

      // The resource name could also be a key ring.
      // KeyRingName resourceName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Get the current policy.
      Policy policy = client.getIamPolicy(resourceName);

      // Print the policy.
      System.out.printf("IAM policy:%n");
      for (Binding binding : policy.getBindingsList()) {
        System.out.printf("%s%n", binding.getRole());
        for (String member : binding.getMembersList()) {
          System.out.printf("- %s%n", member);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Node.js terlebih dahulu dan instal Cloud KMS Node.js SDK.

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';
// const member = 'user:[e-mail]';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the resource name
const resourceName = client.cryptoKeyPath(
  projectId,
  locationId,
  keyRingId,
  keyId
);

// The resource name could also be a key ring.
// const resourceName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function iamGetPolicy() {
  const [policy] = await client.getIamPolicy({
    resource: resourceName,
  });

  for (const binding of policy.bindings) {
    console.log(`Role: ${binding.role}`);
    for (const member of binding.members) {
      console.log(`  - ${member}`);
    }
  }

  return policy;
}

return iamGetPolicy();

PHP

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, pertama-tama pelajari cara menggunakan PHP di Google Cloud dan menginstal Cloud KMS PHP SDK.

use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\GetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;

function iam_get_policy(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key'
) {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the resource name.
    $resourceName = $client->cryptoKeyName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId);

    // The resource name could also be a key ring.
    // $resourceName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Get the current IAM policy.
    $getIamPolicyRequest = (new GetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resourceName);
    $policy = $client->getIamPolicy($getIamPolicyRequest);

    // Print the policy.
    printf('IAM policy for %s' . PHP_EOL, $resourceName);
    foreach ($policy->getBindings() as $binding) {
        printf('%s' . PHP_EOL, $binding->getRole());

        foreach ($binding->getMembers() as $member) {
            printf('- %s' . PHP_EOL, $member);
        }
    }

    return $policy;
}

Python

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, pertama-tama siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Python dan instal Cloud KMS Python SDK.

from google.cloud import kms
from google.iam.v1 import policy_pb2 as iam_policy


def iam_get_policy(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str
) -> iam_policy.Policy:
    """
    Get the IAM policy for a resource.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').

    Returns:
        Policy: Cloud IAM policy.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the resource name.
    resource_name = client.crypto_key_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id)

    # The resource name could also be a key ring.
    # resource_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id);

    # Get the current policy.
    policy = client.get_iam_policy(request={"resource": resource_name})

    # Print the policy
    print(f"IAM policy for {resource_name}")
    for binding in policy.bindings:
        print(binding.role)
        for member in binding.members:
            print(f"- {member}")

    return policy

Ruby

Untuk menjalankan kode ini, siapkan lingkungan pengembangan Ruby terlebih dahulu, lalu instal Cloud KMS Ruby SDK.

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the resource name.
resource_name = client.crypto_key_path project:    project_id,
                                       location:   location_id,
                                       key_ring:   key_ring_id,
                                       crypto_key: key_id

# The resource name could also be a key ring.
# resource_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Create the IAM client.
iam_client = Google::Cloud::Kms::V1::IAMPolicy::Client.new

# Get the current IAM policy.
policy = iam_client.get_iam_policy resource: resource_name

# Print the policy.
puts "Policy for #{resource_name}"
policy.bindings.each do |bind|
  puts bind.role
  bind.members.each do |member|
    puts "- #{member}"
  end
end

Prinsip hak istimewa terendah

Untuk menerapkan prinsip hak istimewa terendah, berikan kumpulan izin yang paling terbatas ke objek terendah dalam hierarki resource.

• Untuk memberikan izin akun utama guna mengenkripsi (tetapi tidak mendekripsi) data, berikan peran roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypter pada kunci.

• Untuk memberikan izin akun utama guna mengenkripsi dan mendekripsi data, berikan peran roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter pada kunci.

• Untuk memberikan izin akun utama guna memverifikasi (tetapi tidak menandatangani) data, berikan peran roles/cloudkms.publicKeyViewer pada kunci.

• Untuk memberikan izin akun utama guna menandatangani dan memverifikasi data, berikan peran roles/cloudkms.signerVerifier pada kunci.

• Untuk memberikan izin akun utama guna mengelola kunci, berikan peran roles/cloudkms.admin pada kunci.

Ini bukanlah daftar lengkap. Lihat izin dan peran Cloud KMS untuk mengetahui daftar lengkap izin dan peran.

Hierarki dan pewarisan

Binding kebijakan dapat ditentukan di project, key ring, kunci, tugas impor, dan resource Cloud KMS lainnya.

Karena kunci termasuk dalam key ring, dan key ring termasuk dalam project, akun utama dengan peran atau izin tertentu pada level yang lebih tinggi dalam hierarki tersebut mewarisi izin yang sama pada resource turunan. Artinya, pengguna yang memiliki peran owner pada project juga merupakan owner di semua key ring dan kunci dalam project tersebut. Demikian pula, jika pengguna diberi peran cloudkms.admin di ring kunci, mereka memiliki izin yang terkait pada semua kunci di ring kunci tersebut.

Kebalikan dari hal ini tidak benar; yaitu, pengguna yang memiliki izin pada kunci, tetapi tidak memiliki izin pada ring kunci induk, tidak memiliki izin pada ring kunci tersebut.

Catatan: Pengguna yang hanya memiliki izin pada ring kunci atau kunci, tetapi tidak pada project itu sendiri, tidak akan dapat mengelola resource kunci di konsol Google Cloud. Untuk mengaktifkan penggunaan konsol Google Cloud oleh pengguna tersebut, bergantung pada persyaratan keamanan, salah satu opsinya adalah juga memberikan peran browser pada project kepada pengguna tersebut.

Langkah selanjutnya

• Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang Izin dan peran di Cloud KMS.
• Buat kunci.
• Mengenkripsi dan mendekripsi data.