Cloud HSM

이 주제에서는 Cloud HSM의 개요와 Cloud Key Management Service에서 HSM으로 보호되는 암호화 키를 만들고 사용하는 방법을 설명합니다.

Cloud HSM이란 무엇인가요?

Cloud HSM은 클라우드에 호스팅되는 하드웨어 보안 모듈(HSM) 서비스로, 이 서비스를 사용하면 FIPS 140-2 Level 3 인증 HSM 클러스터에서 암호화 키를 호스팅하고 암호화 작업을 수행할 수 있습니다. Google이 HSM 클러스터를 관리하므로 개발자는 클러스터링, 확장 또는 패치 적용에 신경쓰지 않아도 됩니다. Cloud HSM은 프런트엔드로 Cloud KMS를 사용하므로 개발자는 Cloud KMS가 제공하는 모든 편의성 및 기능을 활용할 수 있습니다.

키링 만들기

키를 만들 때 Google Cloud 위치의 키링에 키를 추가합니다. 새 키링을 만들거나 기존 키링을 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 주제에서는 새 키링을 만들고 거기에 새 키를 추가합니다.

Cloud HSM을 지원하는 Google Cloud 위치에 키링을 만듭니다.

콘솔

  1. Google Cloud 콘솔에서 키 관리 페이지로 이동합니다.

    Key Management Service로 이동

  2. 키링 만들기를 클릭합니다.

  3. 키링 이름에 키링 이름을 입력합니다.

  4. 키링 위치에서 "us-east1"과 같은 위치를 선택합니다.

  5. 만들기를 클릭합니다.

gcloud

  1. Google Cloud 콘솔에서 Cloud Shell을 활성화합니다.

    Cloud Shell 활성화

  2. 환경에서 gcloud kms keyrings create 명령어를 실행합니다.

    gcloud kms keyrings create KEY_RING \
        --location LOCATION
    

    다음을 바꿉니다.

    • KEY_RING: 키가 포함된 키링의 이름입니다.
    • LOCATION: 키링의 Cloud KMS 위치입니다.

    모든 플래그 및 가능한 값에 대한 정보를 보려면 --help 플래그와 함께 명령어를 실행하세요.

C#

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 C# 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS C# SDK를 설치합니다.


using Google.Api.Gax.ResourceNames;
using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;

public class CreateKeyRingSample
{
    public KeyRing CreateKeyRing(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1",
      string id = "my-key-ring")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the parent location name.
        LocationName locationName = new LocationName(projectId, locationId);

        // Build the key ring.
        KeyRing keyRing = new KeyRing { };

        // Call the API.
        KeyRing result = client.CreateKeyRing(locationName, id, keyRing);

        // Return the result.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Go 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Go SDK를 설치합니다.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
)

// createKeyRing creates a new ring to store keys on KMS.
func createKeyRing(w io.Writer, parent, id string) error {
	// parent := "projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/global"
	// id := "my-key-ring"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.CreateKeyRingRequest{
		Parent:    parent,
		KeyRingId: id,
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.CreateKeyRing(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key ring: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created key ring: %s\n", result.Name)
	return nil
}

Java

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 자바 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS 자바 SDK를 설치합니다.

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyRing;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.LocationName;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateKeyRing {

  public void createKeyRing() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String id = "my-asymmetric-signing-key";
    createKeyRing(projectId, locationId, id);
  }

  // Create a new key ring.
  public void createKeyRing(String projectId, String locationId, String id) throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the parent name from the project and location.
      LocationName locationName = LocationName.of(projectId, locationId);

      // Build the key ring to create.
      KeyRing keyRing = KeyRing.newBuilder().build();

      // Create the key ring.
      KeyRing createdKeyRing = client.createKeyRing(locationName, id, keyRing);
      System.out.printf("Created key ring %s%n", createdKeyRing.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Node.js 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK를 설치합니다.

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const id = 'my-key-ring';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the parent location name
const locationName = client.locationPath(projectId, locationId);

async function createKeyRing() {
  const [keyRing] = await client.createKeyRing({
    parent: locationName,
    keyRingId: id,
  });

  console.log(`Created key ring: ${keyRing.name}`);
  return keyRing;
}

return createKeyRing();

PHP

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Google Cloud에서 PHP 사용에 관해 알아보고 Cloud KMS PHP SDK 설치하세요.

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\KeyManagementServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\KeyRing;

function create_key_ring(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $id = 'my-key-ring'
): KeyRing {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the parent location name.
    $locationName = $client->locationName($projectId, $locationId);

    // Build the key ring.
    $keyRing = new KeyRing();

    // Call the API.
    $createdKeyRing = $client->createKeyRing($locationName, $id, $keyRing);
    printf('Created key ring: %s' . PHP_EOL, $createdKeyRing->getName());

    return $createdKeyRing;
}

Python

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Python 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Python SDK를 설치합니다.

from google.cloud import kms

def create_key_ring(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str
) -> kms.CryptoKey:
    """
    Creates a new key ring in Cloud KMS

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the key ring to create (e.g. 'my-key-ring').

    Returns:
        KeyRing: Cloud KMS key ring.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the parent location name.
    location_name = f"projects/{project_id}/locations/{location_id}"

    # Build the key ring.
    key_ring = {}

    # Call the API.
    created_key_ring = client.create_key_ring(
        request={
            "parent": location_name,
            "key_ring_id": key_ring_id,
            "key_ring": key_ring,
        }
    )
    print(f"Created key ring: {created_key_ring.name}")
    return created_key_ring

Ruby

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Ruby 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK를 설치합니다.

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# id = "my-key-ring"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the parent location name.
location_name = client.location_path project: project_id, location: location_id

# Build the key ring.
key_ring = {}

# Call the API.
created_key_ring = client.create_key_ring parent: location_name, key_ring_id: id, key_ring: key_ring
puts "Created key ring: #{created_key_ring.name}"

API

이 예시에서는 curl을 HTTP 클라이언트로 사용하여 API 사용을 보여줍니다. 액세스 제어에 대한 자세한 내용은 Cloud KMS API 액세스를 참조하세요.

curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/keyRings?key_ring_id=KEY_RING" \
    --request "POST" \
    --header "authorization: Bearer TOKEN"

다음을 바꿉니다.

  • PROJECT_ID: 키링이 포함된 프로젝트의 ID입니다.
  • KEY_RING: 키가 포함된 키링의 이름입니다.
  • LOCATION: 키링의 Cloud KMS 위치입니다.

자세한 내용은 API 문서KeyRing.create를 참조하세요.

키 만들기

지정된 키링 및 위치에 Cloud HSM 키를 만들려면 다음 단계를 따르세요.

콘솔

  1. Google Cloud 콘솔에서 키 관리 페이지로 이동합니다.

    키 관리 페이지로 이동

  2. 키를 만들 키링의 이름을 클릭합니다.

  3. 키 만들기를 클릭합니다.

  4. 어떤 유형의 키를 만드시겠어요?에서 생성된 키를 선택합니다.

  5. 키 이름 필드에 키 이름을 입력합니다.

  6. 보호 수준 드롭다운을 클릭하고 HSM을 선택합니다.

  7. 용도 드롭다운을 클릭하고 대칭 암호화/복호화를 선택합니다.

  8. 순환 주기시작일의 기본값을 그대로 사용합니다.

  9. 만들기를 클릭합니다.

gcloud

명령줄에서 Cloud KMS를 사용하려면 먼저 최신 버전의 Google Cloud CLI로 설치 또는 업그레이드하세요.

gcloud kms keys create key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location \
    --purpose "encryption" \
    --protection-level "hsm"

key를 새 키 이름으로 바꿉니다. key-ring을 키를 배치할 기존 키링의 이름으로 바꿉니다. location을 키링의 Cloud KMS 위치로 바꿉니다.

모든 플래그 및 가능한 값에 대한 정보를 보려면 --help 플래그와 함께 명령어를 실행하세요.

C#

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 C# 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS C# SDK를 설치합니다.


using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;

public class CreateKeyHsmSample
{
    public CryptoKey CreateKeyHsm(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring",
      string id = "my-hsm-encryption-key")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the parent key ring name.
        KeyRingName keyRingName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Build the key.
        CryptoKey key = new CryptoKey
        {
            Purpose = CryptoKey.Types.CryptoKeyPurpose.EncryptDecrypt,
            VersionTemplate = new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate
            {
                ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.Hsm,
                Algorithm = CryptoKeyVersion.Types.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.GoogleSymmetricEncryption,
            },

            // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
            DestroyScheduledDuration = new Duration
            {
                Seconds = 24 * 60 * 60,
            }
        };

        // Call the API.
        CryptoKey result = client.CreateCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);

        // Return the result.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Go 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Go SDK를 설치합니다.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
)

// createKeyHSM creates a new symmetric encrypt/decrypt key on Cloud KMS.
func createKeyHSM(w io.Writer, parent, id string) error {
	// parent := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring"
	// id := "my-hsm-encryption-key"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest{
		Parent:      parent,
		CryptoKeyId: id,
		CryptoKey: &kmspb.CryptoKey{
			Purpose: kmspb.CryptoKey_ENCRYPT_DECRYPT,
			VersionTemplate: &kmspb.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate{
				ProtectionLevel: kmspb.ProtectionLevel_HSM,
				Algorithm:       kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION,
			},

			// Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
			DestroyScheduledDuration: durationpb.New(24 * time.Hour),
		},
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.CreateCryptoKey(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created key: %s\n", result.Name)
	return nil
}

Java

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 자바 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS 자바 SDK를 설치합니다.

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyRingName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.ProtectionLevel;
import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateKeyHsm {

  public void createKeyHsm() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String id = "my-hsm-key";
    createKeyHsm(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, id);
  }

  // Create a new key that is stored in an HSM.
  public void createKeyHsm(String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String id)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the parent name from the project, location, and key ring.
      KeyRingName keyRingName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Build the hsm key to create.
      CryptoKey key =
          CryptoKey.newBuilder()
              .setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose.ENCRYPT_DECRYPT)
              .setVersionTemplate(
                  CryptoKeyVersionTemplate.newBuilder()
                      .setProtectionLevel(ProtectionLevel.HSM)
                      .setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION))

              // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
              .setDestroyScheduledDuration(Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(24 * 60 * 60))
              .build();

      // Create the key.
      CryptoKey createdKey = client.createCryptoKey(keyRingName, id, key);
      System.out.printf("Created hsm key %s%n", createdKey.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Node.js 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK를 설치합니다.

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const id = 'my-hsm-encryption-key';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the parent key ring name
const keyRingName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function createKeyHsm() {
  const [key] = await client.createCryptoKey({
    parent: keyRingName,
    cryptoKeyId: id,
    cryptoKey: {
      purpose: 'ENCRYPT_DECRYPT',
      versionTemplate: {
        algorithm: 'GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION',
        protectionLevel: 'HSM',
      },

      // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before
      // destroying.
      destroyScheduledDuration: {seconds: 60 * 60 * 24},
    },
  });

  console.log(`Created hsm key: ${key.name}`);
  return key;
}

return createKeyHsm();

PHP

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Google Cloud에서 PHP 사용에 관해 알아보고 Cloud KMS PHP SDK 설치하세요.

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKey\CryptoKeyPurpose;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersion\CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\KeyManagementServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\ProtectionLevel;
use Google\Protobuf\Duration;

function create_key_hsm(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $id = 'my-hsm-key'
): CryptoKey {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the parent key ring name.
    $keyRingName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Build the key.
    $key = (new CryptoKey())
        ->setPurpose(CryptoKeyPurpose::ENCRYPT_DECRYPT)
        ->setVersionTemplate((new CryptoKeyVersionTemplate())
            ->setAlgorithm(CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm::GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION)
            ->setProtectionLevel(ProtectionLevel::HSM)
        )

        // Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
        ->setDestroyScheduledDuration((new Duration())
            ->setSeconds(24 * 60 * 60)
        );

    // Call the API.
    $createdKey = $client->createCryptoKey($keyRingName, $id, $key);
    printf('Created hsm key: %s' . PHP_EOL, $createdKey->getName());

    return $createdKey;
}

Python

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Python 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Python SDK를 설치합니다.

import datetime

from google.cloud import kms
from google.protobuf import duration_pb2  # type: ignore

def create_key_hsm(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str
) -> kms.CryptoKey:
    """
    Creates a new key in Cloud KMS backed by Cloud HSM.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to create (e.g. 'my-hsm-key').

    Returns:
        CryptoKey: Cloud KMS key.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the parent key ring name.
    key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id)

    # Build the key.
    purpose = kms.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose.ENCRYPT_DECRYPT
    algorithm = (
        kms.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm.GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION
    )
    protection_level = kms.ProtectionLevel.HSM
    key = {
        "purpose": purpose,
        "version_template": {
            "algorithm": algorithm,
            "protection_level": protection_level,
        },
        # Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before
        # destroying.
        "destroy_scheduled_duration": duration_pb2.Duration().FromTimedelta(
            datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        ),
    }

    # Call the API.
    created_key = client.create_crypto_key(
        request={"parent": key_ring_name, "crypto_key_id": key_id, "crypto_key": key}
    )
    print(f"Created hsm key: {created_key.name}")
    return created_key

Ruby

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Ruby 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK를 설치합니다.

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# id          = "my-hsm-key"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the parent key ring name.
key_ring_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Build the key.
key = {
  purpose:          :ENCRYPT_DECRYPT,
  version_template: {
    algorithm:        :GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION,
    protection_level: :HSM
  },

  # Optional: customize how long key versions should be kept before destroying.
  destroy_scheduled_duration: {
    seconds: 24 * 60 * 60
  }
}

# Call the API.
created_key = client.create_crypto_key parent: key_ring_name, crypto_key_id: id, crypto_key: key
puts "Created hsm key: #{created_key.name}"

데이터 암호화

이제 키가 있으므로 해당 키를 사용하여 텍스트 또는 바이너리 콘텐츠를 암호화할 수 있습니다.

gcloud

명령줄에서 Cloud KMS를 사용하려면 먼저 최신 버전의 Google Cloud CLI로 설치 또는 업그레이드하세요.

gcloud kms encrypt \
    --key key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location  \
    --plaintext-file file-with-data-to-encrypt \
    --ciphertext-file file-to-store-encrypted-data

key를 암호화에 사용할 키 이름으로 바꿉니다. key-ring을 키가 배치된 키링의 이름으로 바꿉니다. location을 키링의 Cloud KMS 위치로 바꿉니다. file-with-data-to-encryptfile-to-store-encrypted-data를 일반 텍스트 데이터를 읽고 암호화된 출력을 저장하기 위한 로컬 파일 경로로 바꿉니다.

모든 플래그 및 가능한 값에 대한 정보를 보려면 --help 플래그와 함께 명령어를 실행하세요.

C#

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 C# 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS C# SDK를 설치합니다.


using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;
using Google.Protobuf;
using System.Text;

public class EncryptSymmetricSample
{
    public byte[] EncryptSymmetric(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key",
      string message = "Sample message")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the key name.
        CryptoKeyName keyName = new CryptoKeyName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

        // Convert the message into bytes. Cryptographic plaintexts and
        // ciphertexts are always byte arrays.
        byte[] plaintext = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);

        // Call the API.
        EncryptResponse result = client.Encrypt(keyName, ByteString.CopyFrom(plaintext));

        // Return the ciphertext.
        return result.Ciphertext.ToByteArray();
    }
}

Go

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Go 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Go SDK를 설치합니다.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"hash/crc32"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/wrapperspb"
)

// encryptSymmetric encrypts the input plaintext with the specified symmetric
// Cloud KMS key.
func encryptSymmetric(w io.Writer, name string, message string) error {
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key"
	// message := "Sample message"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Convert the message into bytes. Cryptographic plaintexts and
	// ciphertexts are always byte arrays.
	plaintext := []byte(message)

	// Optional but recommended: Compute plaintext's CRC32C.
	crc32c := func(data []byte) uint32 {
		t := crc32.MakeTable(crc32.Castagnoli)
		return crc32.Checksum(data, t)
	}
	plaintextCRC32C := crc32c(plaintext)

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.EncryptRequest{
		Name:            name,
		Plaintext:       plaintext,
		PlaintextCrc32C: wrapperspb.Int64(int64(plaintextCRC32C)),
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.Encrypt(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to encrypt: %w", err)
	}

	// Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on result.
	// For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
	// https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
	if result.VerifiedPlaintextCrc32C == false {
		return fmt.Errorf("Encrypt: request corrupted in-transit")
	}
	if int64(crc32c(result.Ciphertext)) != result.CiphertextCrc32C.Value {
		return fmt.Errorf("Encrypt: response corrupted in-transit")
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Encrypted ciphertext: %s", result.Ciphertext)
	return nil
}

Java

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 자바 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS 자바 SDK를 설치합니다.

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.EncryptResponse;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
import java.io.IOException;

public class EncryptSymmetric {

  public void encryptSymmetric() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    String plaintext = "Plaintext to encrypt";
    encryptSymmetric(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, plaintext);
  }

  // Encrypt data with a given key.
  public void encryptSymmetric(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId, String plaintext)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyName keyVersionName = CryptoKeyName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

      // Encrypt the plaintext.
      EncryptResponse response = client.encrypt(keyVersionName, ByteString.copyFromUtf8(plaintext));
      System.out.printf("Ciphertext: %s%n", response.getCiphertext().toStringUtf8());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Node.js 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK를 설치합니다.

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';
// const plaintextBuffer = Buffer.from('...');

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the key name
const keyName = client.cryptoKeyPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

// Optional, but recommended: compute plaintext's CRC32C.
const crc32c = require('fast-crc32c');
const plaintextCrc32c = crc32c.calculate(plaintextBuffer);

async function encryptSymmetric() {
  const [encryptResponse] = await client.encrypt({
    name: keyName,
    plaintext: plaintextBuffer,
    plaintextCrc32c: {
      value: plaintextCrc32c,
    },
  });

  const ciphertext = encryptResponse.ciphertext;

  // Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on encryptResponse.
  // For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
  // https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
  if (!encryptResponse.verifiedPlaintextCrc32c) {
    throw new Error('Encrypt: request corrupted in-transit');
  }
  if (
    crc32c.calculate(ciphertext) !==
    Number(encryptResponse.ciphertextCrc32c.value)
  ) {
    throw new Error('Encrypt: response corrupted in-transit');
  }

  console.log(`Ciphertext: ${ciphertext.toString('base64')}`);
  return ciphertext;
}

return encryptSymmetric();

PHP

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Google Cloud에서 PHP 사용에 관해 알아보고 Cloud KMS PHP SDK 설치하세요.

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\KeyManagementServiceClient;

function encrypt_symmetric(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key',
    string $plaintext = '...'
) {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the key name.
    $keyName = $client->cryptoKeyName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId);

    // Call the API.
    $encryptResponse = $client->encrypt($keyName, $plaintext);
    printf('Ciphertext: %s' . PHP_EOL, $encryptResponse->getCiphertext());

    return $encryptResponse;
}

Python

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Python 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Python SDK를 설치합니다.


# Import base64 for printing the ciphertext.
import base64

# Import the client library.
from google.cloud import kms

def encrypt_symmetric(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str, plaintext: str
) -> bytes:
    """
    Encrypt plaintext using a symmetric key.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').
        plaintext (string): message to encrypt

    Returns:
        bytes: Encrypted ciphertext.

    """

    # Convert the plaintext to bytes.
    plaintext_bytes = plaintext.encode("utf-8")

    # Optional, but recommended: compute plaintext's CRC32C.
    # See crc32c() function defined below.
    plaintext_crc32c = crc32c(plaintext_bytes)

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the key name.
    key_name = client.crypto_key_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id)

    # Call the API.
    encrypt_response = client.encrypt(
        request={
            "name": key_name,
            "plaintext": plaintext_bytes,
            "plaintext_crc32c": plaintext_crc32c,
        }
    )

    # Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on encrypt_response.
    # For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
    # https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
    if not encrypt_response.verified_plaintext_crc32c:
        raise Exception("The request sent to the server was corrupted in-transit.")
    if not encrypt_response.ciphertext_crc32c == crc32c(encrypt_response.ciphertext):
        raise Exception(
            "The response received from the server was corrupted in-transit."
        )
    # End integrity verification

    print(f"Ciphertext: {base64.b64encode(encrypt_response.ciphertext)}")
    return encrypt_response

def crc32c(data: bytes) -> int:
    """
    Calculates the CRC32C checksum of the provided data.

    Args:
        data: the bytes over which the checksum should be calculated.

    Returns:
        An int representing the CRC32C checksum of the provided bytes.
    """
    import crcmod  # type: ignore

    crc32c_fun = crcmod.predefined.mkPredefinedCrcFun("crc-32c")
    return crc32c_fun(data)

Ruby

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Ruby 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK를 설치합니다.

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"
# plaintext  = "..."

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the parent key name.
key_name = client.crypto_key_path project:    project_id,
                                  location:   location_id,
                                  key_ring:   key_ring_id,
                                  crypto_key: key_id

# Call the API.
response = client.encrypt name: key_name, plaintext: plaintext
puts "Ciphertext: #{Base64.strict_encode64 response.ciphertext}"

API

이 예시에서는 curl을 HTTP 클라이언트로 사용하여 API 사용을 보여줍니다. 액세스 제어에 대한 자세한 내용은 Cloud KMS API 액세스를 참조하세요.

JSON 및 REST API를 사용하는 경우 콘텐츠를 base-64로 인코딩해야 Cloud KMS에서 암호화할 수 있습니다.

데이터를 암호화하려면 POST 요청을 보내고, 적절한 프로젝트와 키 정보를 제공하고, 요청 본문의 plaintext 필드에 암호화할 base64로 인코딩된 텍스트를 지정합니다.

curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/locations/location/keyRings/key-ring-name/cryptoKeys/key-name:encrypt" \
  --request "POST" \
  --header "authorization: Bearer token" \
  --header "content-type: application/json" \
  --data "{\"plaintext\": \"base64-encoded-input\"}"

다음은 base64로 인코딩된 데이터가 포함된 페이로드의 예시입니다.

{
  "plaintext": "U3VwZXIgc2VjcmV0IHRleHQgdGhhdCBtdXN0IGJlIGVuY3J5cHRlZAo=",
}

암호문 복호화

암호화된 콘텐츠를 복호화하려면 콘텐츠 암호화에 사용한 키와 동일한 키를 사용해야 합니다.

gcloud

명령줄에서 Cloud KMS를 사용하려면 먼저 최신 버전의 Google Cloud CLI로 설치 또는 업그레이드하세요.

gcloud kms decrypt \
    --key key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location  \
    --ciphertext-file file-path-with-encrypted-data \
    --plaintext-file file-path-to-store-plaintext

key를 복호화에 사용할 키 이름으로 바꿉니다. key-ring을 키를 배치할 키링의 이름으로 바꿉니다. location을 키링의 Cloud KMS 위치로 바꿉니다. file-path-with-encrypted-datafile-path-to-store-plaintext를 암호화된 데이터를 읽고 복호화된 출력을 저장할 로컬 파일 경로로 바꿉니다.

모든 플래그 및 가능한 값에 대한 정보를 보려면 --help 플래그와 함께 명령어를 실행하세요.

C#

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 C# 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS C# SDK를 설치합니다.


using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;
using Google.Protobuf;
using System.Text;

public class DecryptSymmetricSample
{
    public string DecryptSymmetric(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key",
      byte[] ciphertext = null)
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the key name.
        CryptoKeyName keyName = new CryptoKeyName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

        // Call the API.
        DecryptResponse result = client.Decrypt(keyName, ByteString.CopyFrom(ciphertext));

        // Get the plaintext. Cryptographic plaintexts and ciphertexts are
        // always byte arrays.
        byte[] plaintext = result.Plaintext.ToByteArray();

        // Return the result.
        return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(plaintext);
    }
}

Go

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Go 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Go SDK를 설치합니다.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"hash/crc32"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1/kmspb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/wrapperspb"
)

// decryptSymmetric will decrypt the input ciphertext bytes using the specified symmetric key.
func decryptSymmetric(w io.Writer, name string, ciphertext []byte) error {
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key"
	// ciphertext := []byte("...")  // result of a symmetric encryption call

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Optional, but recommended: Compute ciphertext's CRC32C.
	crc32c := func(data []byte) uint32 {
		t := crc32.MakeTable(crc32.Castagnoli)
		return crc32.Checksum(data, t)
	}
	ciphertextCRC32C := crc32c(ciphertext)

	// Build the request.
	req := &kmspb.DecryptRequest{
		Name:             name,
		Ciphertext:       ciphertext,
		CiphertextCrc32C: wrapperspb.Int64(int64(ciphertextCRC32C)),
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.Decrypt(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt ciphertext: %w", err)
	}

	// Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on result.
	// For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
	// https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
	if int64(crc32c(result.Plaintext)) != result.PlaintextCrc32C.Value {
		return fmt.Errorf("Decrypt: response corrupted in-transit")
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Decrypted plaintext: %s", result.Plaintext)
	return nil
}

Java

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 자바 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS 자바 SDK를 설치합니다.

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.DecryptResponse;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
import java.io.IOException;

public class DecryptSymmetric {

  public void decryptSymmetric() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    byte[] ciphertext = null;
    decryptSymmetric(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, ciphertext);
  }

  // Decrypt data that was encrypted using a symmetric key.
  public void decryptSymmetric(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId, byte[] ciphertext)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, and
      // key.
      CryptoKeyName keyName = CryptoKeyName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

      // Decrypt the response.
      DecryptResponse response = client.decrypt(keyName, ByteString.copyFrom(ciphertext));
      System.out.printf("Plaintext: %s%n", response.getPlaintext().toStringUtf8());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Node.js 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK를 설치합니다.

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';
// Ciphertext must be either a Buffer object or a base-64 encoded string
// const ciphertext = Buffer.from('...');

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the key name
const keyName = client.cryptoKeyPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

// Optional, but recommended: compute ciphertext's CRC32C.
const crc32c = require('fast-crc32c');
const ciphertextCrc32c = crc32c.calculate(ciphertext);

async function decryptSymmetric() {
  const [decryptResponse] = await client.decrypt({
    name: keyName,
    ciphertext: ciphertext,
    ciphertextCrc32c: {
      value: ciphertextCrc32c,
    },
  });

  // Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on decryptResponse.
  // For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
  // https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
  if (
    crc32c.calculate(decryptResponse.plaintext) !==
    Number(decryptResponse.plaintextCrc32c.value)
  ) {
    throw new Error('Decrypt: response corrupted in-transit');
  }

  const plaintext = decryptResponse.plaintext.toString();

  console.log(`Plaintext: ${plaintext}`);
  return plaintext;
}

return decryptSymmetric();

PHP

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Google Cloud에서 PHP 사용에 관해 알아보고 Cloud KMS PHP SDK 설치하세요.

use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\KeyManagementServiceClient;

function decrypt_symmetric(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key',
    string $ciphertext = '...'
) {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the key name.
    $keyName = $client->cryptoKeyName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId);

    // Call the API.
    $decryptResponse = $client->decrypt($keyName, $ciphertext);
    printf('Plaintext: %s' . PHP_EOL, $decryptResponse->getPlaintext());

    return $decryptResponse;
}

Python

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Python 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Python SDK를 설치합니다.

from google.cloud import kms

def decrypt_symmetric(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str, ciphertext: bytes
) -> kms.DecryptResponse:
    """
    Decrypt the ciphertext using the symmetric key

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').
        ciphertext (bytes): Encrypted bytes to decrypt.

    Returns:
        DecryptResponse: Response including plaintext.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the key name.
    key_name = client.crypto_key_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id)

    # Optional, but recommended: compute ciphertext's CRC32C.
    # See crc32c() function defined below.
    ciphertext_crc32c = crc32c(ciphertext)

    # Call the API.
    decrypt_response = client.decrypt(
        request={
            "name": key_name,
            "ciphertext": ciphertext,
            "ciphertext_crc32c": ciphertext_crc32c,
        }
    )

    # Optional, but recommended: perform integrity verification on decrypt_response.
    # For more details on ensuring E2E in-transit integrity to and from Cloud KMS visit:
    # https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/data-integrity-guidelines
    if not decrypt_response.plaintext_crc32c == crc32c(decrypt_response.plaintext):
        raise Exception(
            "The response received from the server was corrupted in-transit."
        )
    # End integrity verification

    print(f"Plaintext: {decrypt_response.plaintext!r}")
    return decrypt_response

def crc32c(data: bytes) -> int:
    """
    Calculates the CRC32C checksum of the provided data.
    Args:
        data: the bytes over which the checksum should be calculated.
    Returns:
        An int representing the CRC32C checksum of the provided bytes.
    """
    import crcmod  # type: ignore

    crc32c_fun = crcmod.predefined.mkPredefinedCrcFun("crc-32c")
    return crc32c_fun(data)

Ruby

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Ruby 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK를 설치합니다.

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"
# ciphertext  = "..."

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the parent key name.
key_name = client.crypto_key_path project:    project_id,
                                  location:   location_id,
                                  key_ring:   key_ring_id,
                                  crypto_key: key_id

# Call the API.
response = client.decrypt name: key_name, ciphertext: ciphertext
puts "Plaintext: #{response.plaintext}"

API

이 예시에서는 curl을 HTTP 클라이언트로 사용하여 API 사용을 보여줍니다. 액세스 제어에 대한 자세한 내용은 Cloud KMS API 액세스를 참조하세요.

Cloud KMS에서 JSON으로 반환된 복호화된 텍스트는 base64로 인코딩됩니다.

암호화된 데이터를 복호화하려면 POST 요청을 보내고, 적절한 프로젝트와 키 정보를 제공하고, 요청 본문의 ciphertext 필드에 복호화할 암호화된 텍스트를 지정합니다.

curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/locations/location/keyRings/key-ring-name/cryptoKeys/key-name:decrypt" \
  --request "POST" \
  --header "authorization: Bearer token" \
  --header "content-type: application/json" \
  --data "{\"ciphertext\": \"encrypted-content\"}"

다음은 base64로 인코딩된 데이터가 포함된 페이로드의 예시입니다.

{
  "ciphertext": "CiQAhMwwBo61cHas7dDgifrUFs5zNzBJ2uZtVFq4ZPEl6fUVT4kSmQ...",
}

다음 단계

알려진 제한사항

  • 사용자 제공 일반 텍스트와 암호문에서 메시지 크기는 추가 인증 데이터를 포함하여 8KiB로 제한됩니다(이와 다르게 Cloud KMS 소프트웨어 키의 경우 64KiB).

  • 특정 다중 또는 이중 리전에서는 Cloud HSM을 사용할 수 없습니다. 자세한 내용은 Cloud HSM에 지원되는 리전을 참조하세요.

  • 다른 Google Cloud 서비스에서 고객 관리 암호화 키(CMEK) 통합과 함께 Cloud HSM 키를 사용하는 경우 서비스에 사용하는 위치는 Cloud HSM 키의 위치와 정확하게 일치해야 합니다. 이는 리전, 이중 리전, 멀티 리전 위치에 적용됩니다.

    CMEK 통합에 대한 자세한 내용은 저장 데이터 암호화 섹션을 참조하세요.

  • Cloud KMS 소프트웨어 키를 사용하는 경우에 비해 현재 Cloud HSM에 저장된 비대칭 키에 대한 키 작업에서 지연 시간이 크게 늘어날 수 있습니다.

호스팅된 비공개 HSM

Google Cloud는 단일 테넌시와 같은 추가 HSM 옵션을 제공합니다. 호스팅된 비공개 HSM은 고객이 Google에서 제공한 공간에서 자체 HSM을 호스팅할 수 있게 해줍니다. 자세한 내용은 해당 계정 담당자에게 문의하세요.