Containeroptimierte Bereitstellung erstellen

In diesem kompletten Beispiel wird eine Bereitstellung mit einer virtuellen Maschine beschrieben, die ein containeroptimiertes Image verwendet. Weitere Informationen zur Verwendung von Containern mit Compute Engine finden Sie unter Containeroptimierte Compute Engine-Images.

In dieser Anleitung wird Folgendes beschrieben:

  1. Ein einfaches Containermanifest erstellen.
  2. Eine Konfiguration und eine Vorlage erstellen, in der ein Container-Image verwendet wird.
  3. Ressourcen bereitstellen und prüfen, ob die Bereitstellung erfolgreich war.

Containermanifest erstellen

Damit Sie Container nutzen können, müssen Sie ein Containermanifest definieren. In dem Manifest werden Attribute wie das Container-Image, die zu startenden Container, die beim Starten auszuführenden Befehle und die zu aktivierenden Ports beschrieben.

Erstellen Sie eine Datei mit dem Namen container_manifest.yaml und mit folgendem Inhalt:

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# This is a container manifest, as described here:
#   https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/containers/container_vms
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: simple-echo
spec:
  containers:
    - name: simple-echo
      image: gcr.io/google-samples/hello-app:2.0
      imagePullPolicy: Always
      ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          hostPort: 8080

Dieses Manifest erstellt einen Container mit dem Namen "simple-echo", der das Container-Image Hello Application verwendet und einen Echo-Server startet, der Port 8080 überwacht.

Vorlage und Konfiguration erstellen

Erstellen Sie als Nächstes eine Vorlage, durch die eine VM-Instanz mit einem containeroptimierten Image gestartet wird. Erstellen Sie eine Datei mit dem Namen container_vm.[jinja|py] und folgendem Inhalt:

Jinja

{#
Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
#}

{% set COMPUTE_URL_BASE = 'https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/' %}
{% set BASE_NAME = env['deployment'] + '-' + env['name'] %}

{% macro GlobalComputeUrl(project, collection, name) -%}
{{ COMPUTE_URL_BASE }}projects/{{ project }}/global/{{ collection }}/{{ name }}
{%- endmacro %}

{% macro ZonalComputeUrl(project, zone, collection, name) -%}
{{ COMPUTE_URL_BASE }}projects/{{ project }}/zones/{{ zone }}/{{ collection }}/{{ name }}
{%- endmacro %}

resources:
- name: {{ BASE_NAME }}
  type: compute.v1.instance
  properties:
    zone: {{ properties['zone'] }}
    machineType: {{ ZonalComputeUrl(env['project'], properties['zone'], 'machineTypes', 'n1-standard-1') }}
    metadata:
      items:
        - key: gce-container-declaration
          value: |
            {{ imports[properties['containerManifest']]|indent(12) }}
    disks:
      - deviceName: boot
        type: PERSISTENT
        autoDelete: true
        boot: true
        initializeParams:
          diskName: {{ BASE_NAME }}-disk
          sourceImage: {{ GlobalComputeUrl('cos-cloud', 'images', properties['containerImage']) }}
    networkInterfaces:
      - accessConfigs:
          - name: external-nat
            type: ONE_TO_ONE_NAT
        network: {{ GlobalComputeUrl(env['project'],  'networks', 'default') }}
    serviceAccounts:
      - email: default
        scopes:
        - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write
        - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write

Python

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Creates a Container VM with the provided Container manifest."""


COMPUTE_URL_BASE = 'https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/'


def GlobalComputeUrl(project, collection, name):
  return ''.join([COMPUTE_URL_BASE, 'projects/', project,
                  '/global/', collection, '/', name])


def ZonalComputeUrl(project, zone, collection, name):
  return ''.join([COMPUTE_URL_BASE, 'projects/', project,
                  '/zones/', zone, '/', collection, '/', name])


def GenerateConfig(context):
  """Generate configuration."""

  res = []
  base_name = (context.env['deployment'] + '-' +
               context.env['name'])

  # Properties for the container-based instance.
  instance = {
      'zone': context.properties['zone'],
      'machineType': ZonalComputeUrl(context.env['project'],
                                     context.properties['zone'],
                                     'machineTypes',
                                     'n1-standard-1'),
      'metadata': {
          'items': [{
              'key': 'gce-container-declaration',
              'value': context.imports[
                  context.properties['containerManifest']],
              }]
      },
      'disks': [{
          'deviceName': 'boot',
          'type': 'PERSISTENT',
          'autoDelete': True,
          'boot': True,
          'initializeParams': {
              'diskName': base_name + '-disk',
              'sourceImage': GlobalComputeUrl('cos-cloud',
                                              'images',
                                              context.properties[
                                                  'containerImage'])
              },
      }],
      'networkInterfaces': [{
          'accessConfigs': [{
              'name': 'external-nat',
              'type': 'ONE_TO_ONE_NAT'
              }],
          'network': GlobalComputeUrl(context.env['project'],
                                      'networks',
                                      'default')
      }],
      'serviceAccounts': [{
          'email': 'default',
          'scopes': [
            "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write",
            "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write"
          ]
      }]
  }
  res.append({
      'name': base_name,
      'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
      'properties': instance
  })
  # Resources to return.
  resources = {
      'resources': res,
  }

  return resources

Erstellen Sie die entsprechende Schemadatei, die die Struktur der Vorlage festlegt:

Jinja

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

info:
  title: Container VM
  author: Google Inc.
  description: Creates a Container VM with the provided Container manifest.

required:
  - zone
  - containerImage
  - containerManifest

properties:
  zone:
    description: Zone in which this VM will run
    type: string
  containerImage:
    description: Name of the Google Cloud Container VM Image
    type: string
  containerManifest:
    description: String containing the Container Manifest in YAML
    type: string

Python

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

info:
  title: Container VM
  author: Google Inc.
  description: Creates a Container VM with the provided Container manifest.

required:
  - zone
  - containerImage
  - containerManifest

properties:
  zone:
    description: Zone in which this VM will run
    type: string
  containerImage:
    description: Name of the Google Cloud Container VM Image
    type: string
  containerManifest:
    description: String containing the Container Manifest in YAML
    type: string

Beachten Sie, dass in dieser Vorlage verschiedene Parameter definiert sind, wie zum Beispiel:

  • Die Umgebungsvariablen deployment, name und project. Deployment Manager fügt diese Variablen automatisch ein.
  • Die Attribute zone, containerImage und containerManifest, die in der Konfiguration festgelegt werden.

Erstellen Sie eine Konfigurationsdatei mit dem Namen container_vm.yaml, die in etwa so aussieht:

Jinja

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

imports:
- path: ../../common/container_manifest.yaml
  name: container_manifest
- path: container_vm.jinja

resources:
  - name: my-container-vm
    type: container_vm.jinja
    properties:
      zone: ZONE_TO_RUN
      containerImage: family/cos-stable
      containerManifest: container_manifest

Python

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

imports:
- path: ../../common/container_manifest.yaml
  name: container_manifest
- path: container_vm.py

resources:
  - name: my-container-vm
    type: container_vm.py
    properties:
      zone: ZONE_TO_RUN
      containerImage: family/cos-stable
      containerManifest: container_manifest

Ersetzen Sie ZONE_TO_RUN durch die gewünschte Zone für Ihre virtuelle Maschine. Beachten Sie, dass durch die Datei auch das zu verwendende Container-Image und das bereits erstellte Containermanifest definiert werden.

VM-Instanz bereitstellen

Stellen Sie als Letztes mithilfe der Google Cloud CLI die VM-Instanz bereit:

gcloud deployment-manager deployments create my-container-deployment \
  --config container_vm.yaml

Wenn die Bereitstellung abgeschlossen ist, können Sie die Details Ihrer Bereitstellung ansehen. Zum Beispiel:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments describe my-container-deployment
creationTimestamp: '2015-04-02T12:24:31.645-07:00'
fingerprint: ''
id: '8602410885927938432'
manifest: https://www.googleapis.com/deploymentmanager/v2/projects/myproject/global/deployments/my-container-deployment/manifests/manifest-1428002671645
name: my-container-deployment
state: DEPLOYED
resources:
NAME                                     TYPE                 ID                   UPDATE_STATE  ERRORS
my-container-deployment-my-container-vm  compute.v1.instance  3775082612632070557  COMPLETED     -

Prüfen, ob die Instanz ausgeführt wird

Prüfen Sie, ob Ihre Containerinstanz gestartet wurde. Rufen Sie dazu mit einem Browser die externe IP-Adresse der virtuellen Maschine auf. Es sollte dann hello world angezeigt werden:

  1. Fügen Sie eine Compute Engine-Firewallregel hinzu, die es Ihnen ermöglicht, den Traffic auf der virtuellen Maschine über den Port 8080 abzufragen:

    gcloud compute firewall-rules create allow-8080 --allow tcp:8080
    
  2. Rufen Sie die externe IP-Adresse Ihrer Instanz ab:

    $ gcloud compute instances describe my-container-deployment-my-container-vm
    ...
    name: my-container-vm-my-container-deployment
    networkInterfaces:
    - accessConfigs:
      - kind: compute#accessConfig
        name: external-nat
        natIP: 104.197.8.138
        type: ONE_TO_ONE_NAT
      name: nic0
      network: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/networks/default
      networkIP: 10.240.97.220
    scheduling:
      automaticRestart: true
      onHostMaintenance: MIGRATE
    selfLink: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-a/instances/my-container-deployment-my-container-vm
    status: RUNNING
    tags:
      fingerprint: 42WmSpB8rSM=
    zone: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-a
    ...

    In diesem Fall lautet die externe IP 104.197.8.138.

  3. Geben Sie in einem Browserfenster die externe IP und den Port 8080 in der Adressleiste ein. Beispiel: 104.197.8.138:8080.

    Wenn der Vorgang erfolgreich war, sollte die Meldung hello world angezeigt werden.

(Optional) Bereitstellung löschen

Wenn Sie Kosten sparen möchten und Ihre Bereitstellung nicht mehr wollen oder brauchen, löschen Sie die Bereitstellung.

gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete my-container-deployment

Weitere Informationen

In den umfassenden Nutzerhandbüchern und in der API finden Sie nähere Einzelheiten über Deployment Manager.

Lesen Sie auch folgende Anleitungen: