Connect to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy

Connect to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy

MySQL   |  PostgreSQL   |  SQL Server

This page shows you how to connect to Cloud SQL from a local test environment using the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy. The Cloud SQL Auth Proxy provides secure access to your Cloud SQL instance without the need for authorized networks or for configuring SSL. By using the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy, you can connect to your Cloud SQL instance securely.

The instructions on this page are for a test environment only and shouldn't be used for production environments. For more information on the configuration required for production environments, see Use the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy in a production environment and Connect using the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy.

Before you begin

Note: The name you use for your project must be between 4 and 30 characters. When you type the name, the form suggests a project ID, which you can edit. The project ID must be between 6 and 30 characters, with a lowercase letter as the first character. You can use a dash, lowercase letter, or digit for the remaining characters, but the last character cannot be a dash.

1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

4. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

5. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

6. Enable the necessary Google Cloud APIs.

   Console

   In the Google Cloud console, go to the APIs page.

   Go to APIs

   Enable the Cloud SQL Admin API.

   gcloud

   Click the following button to open Cloud Shell, which provides command-line access to your Google Cloud resources directly from the browser. Cloud Shell can be used to run the gcloud commands presented throughout this quickstart.

   Open Cloud Shell

   Run the gcloud services enable command as follows using Cloud Shell to enable the APIs required for this quickstart.:

   gcloud services enable sqladmin.googleapis.com

   This command enables the following APIs:

   • Cloud SQL Admin API

7. Make sure that you have the following role or roles on the project: Cloud SQL Admin (roles/cloudsql.admin), Cloud SQL Viewer (roles/cloudsql.viewer)

   Check for the roles

   1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

      Go to IAM
   2. Select the project.

   3. In the Principal column, find all rows that identify you or a group that you're included in. To learn which groups you're included in, contact your administrator.

   4. For all rows that specify or include you, check the Role column to see whether the list of roles includes the required roles.

   Grant the roles

   1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

      Go to IAM
   2. Select the project.
   3. Click Grant access.

   4. In the New principals field, enter your user identifier. This is typically the email address for a Google Account.

   5. In the Select a role list, select a role.
   6. To grant additional roles, click Add another role and add each additional role.
   7. Click Save.

Create a Cloud SQL instance

In this quickstart, you use the Google Cloud console. To use the gcloud CLI, cURL, or PowerShell, see Create instances.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. Click Create instance.
3. Click Choose PostgreSQL.
4. In the Instance ID field, enter myinstance.
5. In the Password field, enter a password for the postgres user.

6. Click Create instance.

   You're returned to the instances list. You can click the new instance right away to see the details, but it won't be available for other operations until it initializes and starts.

   Note: In this example, the instance is created using default settings, including a public IP address.

Debian/Ubuntu

Install the psql client from the package manager:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install postgresql-client

CentOS/RHEL

Install the psql client from the package manager:

sudo yum install postgresql

openSUSE

Install the psql client from the package manager:

sudo zypper install postgresql

Other platforms

1. Download the PostgreSQL Core Distribution for your platform from the PostgreSQL Downloads page.
   The Core Distribution includes the psql client.
2. Install the PostgreSQL database, following the directions on the download page.

Install the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy client

The Cloud SQL Auth Proxy binary you download depends on your operating system, and whether it uses a 32-bit or 64-bit kernel. Most newer hardware uses a 64-bit kernel. If you're unsure whether your machine is running a 32-bit or 64-bit kernel, then use the uname -a command for Linux or macOS. For Windows, see the Windows documentation.

Linux 64-bit

1. Download the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy:

   curl -o cloud-sql-proxy https://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-sql-connectors/cloud-sql-proxy/v2.17.1/cloud-sql-proxy.linux.amd64

2. Make the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy executable:

   chmod +x cloud-sql-proxy

Linux 32-bit

1. Download the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy:

   curl -o cloud-sql-proxy https://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-sql-connectors/cloud-sql-proxy/v2.17.1/cloud-sql-proxy.linux.386

2. If the curl command is not found, run sudo apt install curl and repeat the download command.
3. Make the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy executable:

   chmod +x cloud-sql-proxy

macOS 64-bit

1. Download the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy:

   curl -o cloud-sql-proxy https://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-sql-connectors/cloud-sql-proxy/v2.17.1/cloud-sql-proxy.darwin.amd64

2. Make the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy executable:

   chmod +x cloud-sql-proxy

Mac M1

1. Download the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy:

     curl -o cloud-sql-proxy https://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-sql-connectors/cloud-sql-proxy/v2.17.1/cloud-sql-proxy.darwin.arm64
     

2. Make the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy executable:

     chmod +x cloud-sql-proxy
     

Windows 64-bit

Right-click https://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-sql-connectors/cloud-sql-proxy/v2.17.1/cloud-sql-proxy.x64.exe and select Save Link As to download the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy. Rename the file to cloud-sql-proxy.exe.

Windows 32-bit

Right-click https://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-sql-connectors/cloud-sql-proxy/v2.17.1/cloud-sql-proxy.x86.exe and select Save Link As to download the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy. Rename the file to cloud-sql-proxy.exe.

Cloud SQL Auth Proxy Docker image

The Cloud SQL Auth Proxy has different container images, such as distroless, alpine, and buster. The default Cloud SQL Auth Proxy container image uses distroless, which contains no shell. If you need a shell or related tools, then download an image based on alpine or buster. For more information, see Cloud SQL Auth Proxy Container Images.

You can pull the latest image to your local machine using Docker by using the following command:

docker pull gcr.io/cloud-sql-connectors/cloud-sql-proxy:2.17.1

Note: The Cloud SQL Auth Proxy uses a repository that supports the gcr.io domain but serves images from Artifact Registry. For more information, see Transition from Container Registry.

Other OS

For other operating systems not included here, you can compile the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy from source.

Get the instance connection name

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. Click the instance name to open its Overview page.
3. In the Connect to this instance section, copy the Connection name. The connection name is in the format projectID:region:instanceID.

Start the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy

Start the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy in its own terminal so you can monitor its output. Replace INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME with the instance connection name you copied in the previous step.

For Linux environments, use this command to launch the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy:

./cloud-sql-proxy INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME

In PowerShell on Windows, use this command to launch the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy:

.\cloud-sql-proxy.exe INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME

A message similar to the following appears:

Listening on 127.0.0.1:5432 for INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME
Ready for new connections

Run the following command after replacing DB_NAME with the name of the Cloud SQL database:

psql "host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 sslmode=disable dbname=DB_NAME user=postgres"

At the Enter password: prompt, enter the password of your PostgreSQL account.

Verify that the PostgreSQL prompt appears. You have connected to your database using the psql client.

Return to the terminal window where you started the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy. You should see a message similar to the following:

New connection for myInstance

Clean up

To avoid incurring charges to your Google Cloud account for the resources used on this page, follow these steps.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. Select the myinstance instance to open the Instance details page.
3. In the icon bar at the top of the page, click Delete.
4. In the Delete instance window, type your instance's name and then click Delete.

Optional cleanup steps

If you're not using the APIs that were enabled as part of this quickstart, you can disable them.

• APIs that were enabled within this quickstart:
  • Cloud SQL Admin API

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the APIs page.

   Go to APIs

2. Select the Cloud SQL Admin API and then click the Disable API button.

What's next

• See how to troubleshoot information for the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy.

• Learn more about the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy.

• Learn more about other connection options.