Integrating your app's backend

This section describes the steps to integrate your app's backend with Cloud Marketplace. With this integration, you can manage users' accounts and entitlements, which indicate that users have bought your product from Cloud Marketplace. If you chose a usage-based pricing model, you also integrate your backend to report usage to Google.

For an example of integrating a basic app with Cloud Marketplace and a walkthrough of the sample code, see the codelab to integrate a managed service.

For the sample code used in the codelab, see the GitHub repository.

Before you begin

• Set up access to the Cloud Commerce Partner Procurement API, as described in Integrating your app: setting up.
• If you chose a usage-based pricing scheme, verify that your Partner Engineer has created a service that you can report usage against. This service displays in the Service domain field of the Billing Integration section of Producer Portal.

Create a service account

To integrate your product with Google Cloud, you must create a service account in the project that you are using for your product. Your app uses this service account to interact with the Cloud Marketplace Partner APIs and get information about users' purchases.

Use Producer Portal to create and link your service accounts. For detailed steps to create a service account, see Creating and managing service accounts.

Use Producer Portal to integrate your app's backend

To access all of the information you need to integrate your app's backend with Cloud Marketplace from one location, such as your service accounts and plan level identifiers, you can use the Billing integration section of Producer Portal.

The direct link to Producer Portal is:

https://console.cloud.google.com/producer-portal?project=YOUR_PROJECT_ID

Note: If you don't see the link, or can't access the URL, verify that you've selected the correct project. If you still can't access the URL, use the Partner Support Desk to request assistance, and include the word "Marketplace" in your description. For more information about Partner Support Desk, visit Request assistance with Cloud Marketplace.

To access the Billing integration section:

1. In the list of products, click the name of your product.

2. On the Overview page of your product, go to the Technical integration section and click on Billing integration.

Creating and linking service accounts in Producer Portal

You can use the Billing integration section of Producer Portal to create and link the service accounts that you use to interact with the Partner APIs and to get information about users' purchases.

The direct link to Producer Portal is:

https://console.cloud.google.com/producer-portal?project=YOUR_PROJECT_ID

Note: If you don't see the link, or can't access the URL, verify that you've selected the correct project. If you still can't access the URL, use the Partner Support Desk to request assistance, and include the word "Marketplace" in your description. For more information about Partner Support Desk, visit Request assistance with Cloud Marketplace.

In the following steps, you can use existing service accounts, or create new service accounts. If you create a new service account, specify the service account's name in the Service account name field and the service account's ID in the Service account ID field, and then click Create and link.

To link your service accounts:

1. In the list of products, click the name of your product.

2. On the Overview page of your product, go to the Technical integration section and click on Billing integration.

3. To integrate with the Partner Procurement API, under Link a service account to call Procurement API, click Add service account. You can enter an existing service account into the field, or create a new service account.

4. To integrate with Pub/Sub, under Link a service account to subscribe to Pub/Sub topic, click Add service account. You can enter an existing service account into the field, or create a new service account. Grant the Pub/Sub Editor Identity and Access Management (IAM) role to the service account that you link.

5. To integrate with the Service Control API, under Add roles/servicemanagement.serviceController to a service account, click Add service account. You can enter an existing service account into the field, or create a new service account.

User account tasks

At a high level, your app must handle the following scenario:

1. A user makes a request or change in Cloud Marketplace, such as signing up for your product.

2. Cloud Marketplace sends your app a notification through Pub/Sub, containing information about the request in the eventType field. For example, if a user changes their entitlement, the eventType is ENTITLEMENT_PLAN_CHANGED.

   See the full list of possible eventTypes.

3. To approve the request, your app sends an HTTP POST request to the Partner Procurement API.

The following sections describe the types of requests that users can make, and what your app must do to handle the requests.

For the API calls described in this section, use this endpoint:

https://cloudcommerceprocurement.googleapis.com/

Create an account for a new user

When a user first purchases your product, Cloud Marketplace creates an account resource that tracks the user's relationship with you. When the account resource is created, you get notified through the Pub/Sub topic that was created for you. The Pub/Sub message is in the following format:

{
  "eventId": "...",
  "providerId": "YOUR_PARTNER_ID",
  "account": {
    "id": "USER_ACCOUNT_ID",
    "updateTime": "..."
  }
}

where USER_ACCOUNT_ID is the account ID created by Cloud Marketplace and YOUR_PARTNER_ID is an ID assigned to you when your Partner Engineer enables access to the Partner Procurement API.

Simultaneously, the user is directed to your sign-up page, where they create an account in your system. For information on creating the sign-up page, see Integrating your app's frontend.

Approve a user's account

After the user has successfully signed up, your app must call the Partner Procurement API and indicate that the account has been approved. Accounts are created in the ACCOUNT_ACTIVE state, but they have a PENDING entry in the approvals field called signup, which indicates that the user has not yet signed up. To approve the account after the user has signed up, use the following HTTP POST request:

POST v1/providers/YOUR_PARTNER_ID/accounts/USER_ACCOUNT_ID:approve {'approvalName': 'signup'}

Check the status of a user's account

To check the status of a linked account, use the following HTTP GET request:

GET v1/providers/YOUR_PARTNER_ID/accounts/USER_ACCOUNT_ID

The response is in the following format:

{
  "name": "providers/YOUR_PARTNER_ID/accounts/USER_ACCOUNT_ID",
  "provider": "acme-services",
  "state": "ACCOUNT_ACTIVE",
  "approvals": [{
    "name": "signup",
    "state": "APPROVED",
    "updateTime": "...",
  }],
  "updateTime": "...",
  "createTime": "..."
}

For a list of possible account states, see the providers.accounts API reference.

Manage entitlements

When customers choose a pricing plan for your software, Google creates an entitlement, which indicates that the customer has bought your product from Cloud Marketplace. This section reviews how to create and manage entitlements for your customers using the Partner Procurement API.

For more details on managing entitlements, visit the reference documentation.

Preview — Multiple orders of same product

This feature is subject to the "Pre-GA Offerings Terms" in the General Service Terms section of the Service Specific Terms. Pre-GA features are available "as is" and might have limited support. For more information, see the launch stage descriptions.

If you have enabled multiple orders of the same product, then the Partner Procurement API can send multiple events with the ENTITLEMENT_ACTIVE event type for the same ACCOUNT_ID, each with a unique ENTITLEMENT_ID for different offers. In this case, make sure that you modify the event handling logic for your application such that it responds to the ENTITLEMENT_ID instead of the ACCOUNT_ID or the PRODUCT_ID.

You also need to make changes to your frontend integration to handle the new orders object sent in the JWT payload. For more information, see Integrating your app's frontend.

For more information about opting in for multiple orders of the same product, see Turn on multiple orders of the same product.

Approve or reject an entitlement

When a customer chooses a pricing plan, Cloud Marketplace creates an entitlement and sends the following Pub/Sub message to your app:

{
  "eventId": "...",
  "eventType": "ENTITLEMENT_CREATION_REQUESTED",
  "providerId": "YOUR_PARTNER_ID",
  "entitlement": {
    "id": "ENTITLEMENT_ID",
    "updateTime": "...",
    "newOfferDuration": "P2Y3M",   // Contract duration for offer-based entitlements
  },
}

where ENTITLEMENT_ID is an ID created by Cloud Marketplace. If the offer has a specified duration, that duration is provided in years and months. If the offer has a specified end date, instead of a duration, the field indicating the duration is empty.

In your system, update the user's account to reflect that they have purchased a plan. Then, to approve the entitlement, make an HTTP POST request to the Partner Procurement API, and send the ENTITLEMENT_ID that you are approving:

POST v1/providers/YOUR_PARTNER_ID/entitlements/ENTITLEMENT_ID:approve

To reject an entitlement, instead use the reject method in your HTTP POST request:

POST v1/providers/YOUR_PARTNER_ID/entitlements/ENTITLEMENT_ID:reject

To give a reason for rejecting the entitlement in the request body, use the following format:

{
  "reason": "..."
}

Change an entitlement plan

Depending on how you set up your pricing plans, your customers might be able to change their plan. If a customer selects a new pricing plan, you receive a Pub/Sub message, in the following format:

{
  "eventId": "...",
  "eventType": "ENTITLEMENT_PLAN_CHANGE_REQUESTED",
  "providerId": "YOUR_PARTNER_ID",
  "entitlement": {
    "id": "ENTITLEMENT_ID",
    "newPlan": "ultimate",   // New plan
    "updateTime": "...",
    "newOfferDuration": "P2Y3M",   // Contract duration for the new offer, for offer-based entitlements
  },
}

If the offer has a specified duration, that duration is provided in years and months. If the offer has a specified end date, instead of a duration, the field indicating the duration is empty.

To approve the plan change, make the following HTTP POST request to the Partner Procurement API:

POST v1/providers/YOUR_PARTNER_ID/entitlements/ENTITLEMENT_ID:approvePlanChange

The request body must have the plan that is being approved:

{
  "pendingPlanName": PLAN_NAME
}

After the change is approved, you receive another Pub/Sub message when the change takes effect. In the message, the eventType field changes to ENTITLEMENT_PLAN_CHANGED. To check the status of a plan, make the following HTTP GET request to the Partner Procurement API.

GET v1/providers/YOUR_PARTNER_ID/entitlements/ENTITLEMENT_ID

The response is similar to the following, with the state field indicating whether the new plan is active, or whether the plan change is still pending:

{
  "name": "providers/YOUR_PARTNER_ID/entitlements/ENTITLEMENT_ID",
  "provider": "YOUR_PARTNER_ID",
  "account": "USER_ACCOUNT_ID",
  "product": "example-server",
  "plan": "pro",
  "state": "ENTITLEMENT_PENDING_PLAN_CHANGE",
  "newPendingPlan": "ultimate",
  ...
}

Cancel an entitlement

If a user decides to cancel their entitlement, you receive a Pub/Sub notification. Similar to changing a plan, the actual cancellation might take effect at the end of the current billing cycle.

The notification is in the following format:

{
  "eventId": "...",
  // If the entitlement is canceled at the end of the month,
  // eventType is ENTITLEMENT_PENDING_CANCELLATION
  "eventType": "ENTITLEMENT_CANCELLED",
  "providerId": "YOUR_PARTNER_ID",
  "entitlement": {
    "id": "ENTITLEMENT_ID",
    "updateTime": "..."
  },
}

Deleting an entitlement

If a user makes a direct request to Google support, or if they leave the Google platform, their entitlements are immediately canceled, and their entitlement and accounts are deleted after a 60 day grace period. To protect the user's privacy, you must delete their data from your servers when you are notified.

When the entitlements are canceled and the account is deleted, you receive notifications similar to the following:

{
  "eventId": "...",
  "eventType": "ENTITLEMENT_DELETED",
  "providerId": "YOUR_PARTNER_ID",
  "entitlement": {
    "id": "ENTITLEMENT_ID",
    "updateTime": "...",
  },
}

{
  "eventId": "...",
  "eventType": "ACCOUNT_DELETED",
  "providerId": "YOUR_PARTNER_ID",
  "account": {
    "id": "USER_ACCOUNT_ID",
    "updateTime": "...",
  },
}

List of event types for account tasks

The following is a list of the eventTypes that your app might receive in Pub/Sub messages:

eventType	Description
ACCOUNT_CREATION_REQUESTED	Deprecated
ACCOUNT_ACTIVE	Indicates that the customer's account has been created.
ACCOUNT_DELETED	Indicates that the customer's account was deleted from Google Cloud systems.
ENTITLEMENT_CREATION_REQUESTED	Indicates that a customer selected one of your pricing plans.
ENTITLEMENT_OFFER_ACCEPTED	Indicates that an offer was accepted by a customer. Includes the scheduled start time of the offer, if there is one. This event is sent for both private offers and standard offers (public purchases).
ENTITLEMENT_ACTIVE	Indicates that a customer's chosen plan is now active.
ENTITLEMENT_PLAN_CHANGE_REQUESTED	Indicates that a customer chose a new plan.
ENTITLEMENT_PLAN_CHANGED	Indicates that a customer's plan change is approved and the changes have taken effect.
ENTITLEMENT_PLAN_CHANGE_CANCELLED	Indicates that a customer's plan change was canceled, either because it wasn't approved, or because they switched back to their old plan.
ENTITLEMENT_PENDING_CANCELLATION	Indicates that a customer canceled their plan, and the cancellation is pending until the end of the billing cycle.
ENTITLEMENT_CANCELLATION_REVERTED	Indicates that a customer's pending cancellation was reverted. Note that cancellations cannot be reverted after they are final.
ENTITLEMENT_CANCELLED	Indicates that a customer's plan was canceled.
ENTITLEMENT_CANCELLING	Indicates that a customer's plan is in the process of being canceled.
ENTITLEMENT_RENEWED	Indicates that a customer's entitlement was renewed for another term. You don't need to take any action to complete the renewal.
ENTITLEMENT_OFFER_ENDED	Indicates that a customer's private offer has ended. If the customer's entitlement was canceled, a separate ENTITLEMENT_CANCELLED event is triggered. If the customer's entitlement is still active, their plan reverts to non-discounted pricing.
ENTITLEMENT_DELETED	Indicates that information about a customer's plan was deleted from Cloud Marketplace.

(For usage-based pricing) Reporting usage to Google

If you choose usage-based pricing for your product, you must report your app's usage to the Service Control API.

For an introduction to Service Control, see the Getting Started Guide.

We recommend that you use Producer Portal to create a service account in Producer Portal for use with Service Control.

When an entitlement is created, you must call the Partner Procurement API to retrieve a usageReportingId, using the following HTTP GET request:

GET v1/providers/YOUR_PARTNER_ID/entitlements/ENTITLEMENT_ID

The response contains information about the entitlement, in the following format:

{
  "name": "providers/YOUR_PARTNER_ID/entitlements/ENTITLEMENT_ID",
  "provider": "YOUR_PARTNER_ID",
  "account": "USER_ACCOUNT_ID",
  "product": "example-messaging-service",
  "plan": "pro",
  "usageReportingId": "USAGE_REPORTING_ID",
  "state": "ENTITLEMENT_ACTIVATION_REQUESTED",
  "updateTime": "...",
  "createTime": "..."
}

To report usage, you must first make a services.check API call, to check the service's configuration. In the response, if the checkErrors[] object is empty, make a services.report API call to send the usage report.

Caution: To avoid large unexpected charges, when you test usage-based reporting, we recommend that you test with very small amounts of usage (less than $100 USD) per Cloud Billing account in that Cloud Billing account's currency.

The usage report is a Service Control API Operation. The following is an example of a usage report for example-messaging-service that sends information about the storage being used by the customer:

POST https://servicecontrol.googleapis.com/v1/services/example-messaging-service.gcpmarketplace.example.com:report

{
  "operations": [{
    "operationId": "1234-example-operation-id-4567",
    "operationName": "Hourly Usage Report",
    "consumerId": "USAGE_REPORTING_ID",
    "startTime": "2019-02-06T12:00:00Z",
    "endTime": "2019-02-06T13:00:00Z",
    "metricValueSets": [{
      "metricName": "example-messaging-service/UsageInGiB",
      "metricValues": [{ "int64Value": "150" }]
    }],
    "userLabels": {
      "cloudmarketplace.googleapis.com/resource_name": "order_history_cache",
      "cloudmarketplace.googleapis.com/container_name": "storefront_prod",
      "environment": "prod",
      "region": "us-west2"
    }
  }]
}

where:

• operationId is a unique string that your service instance generates. You should use the same operationId for your check and report operations.

• consumerId is the same as the usageReportingId from the entitlement.

• startTime and endTime represent the start and end times of the total interval for the report Operation. In most cases, the startTime of a report Operation should have the same value as the endTime of the previous report Operation.

  If a customer's service is disabled before the startTime of a report Operation, the services.check API call sends an error in the checkErrors[] object, and the customer is not charged for the corresponding interval.

• MetricValueSet contains one or intermediate time intervals and corresponding updated metric values. You define your service's metrics when you choose and submit your pricing model.

  You view and reference the identifiers for your metrics in the Technical integration section of Producer Portal.

• userLabels are user-created labels, defined as key-value strings that follow specific syntax requirements. These labels are forwarded to Cloud Billing cost management tools for attribution. For recommended labeling conventions, see Best practices for usage labeling.

If the services.check API returns one or more of the following errors, we recommend that you stop providing your service to the customer until the error is resolved:

• SERVICE_NOT_ACTIVATED
• BILLING_DISABLED
• PROJECT_DELETED

Best practices for usage reporting

When reporting usage, for example user operation or resource utilization, keep in mind the following information to ensure that your customers are billed correctly.

Reporting usage at time of occurrence

Delays in usage reporting degrade your customers' cost management experience and might not be reflected in partner reports. Service providers must report usage within one hour of the usage being generated.

If you need more time to report usage, contact your partner engineer.

Reporting usage after an entitlement is canceled

If you have unreported usage after an entitlement is canceled, you can still report it with a timestamp that reflects the actual time when the usage was generated. The timestamp must be before the entitlement was canceled. Report this usage within one hour. You must not report any usage as new usage after the entitlement ends.

Reporting usage at the end of the month

The one hour reporting window applies to the month-end cutoff deadline. To ensure that usage is reported on the current month's invoice, report the usage by 1 AM, US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-7 or UTC-8) the following day.

For example, for a September invoice, report the usage by October 1st, 1 AM, US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-7 or UTC-8).

If the usage is reported later in the day, it might not be included in the current month invoice.

Remediation for customer actions that prevent reporting usage at the time of occurrence

If you cannot report usage, or if the service or billing is disabled for an extended time, we recommend that you provide the customer a grace period to restore the service. We recommend not exceeding 30 days. During this grace period, consider doing the following:

• Degrade the provided service. For example, switch the customer to a free tier or start to reject calls.

• Continue collecting the usage log while the service is disabled. We recommend collecting the usage with the charge breakdown by, at most, a one hour window so it can be replayed after the service is enabled.

When the service is enabled, you must report the usage collected while the service was disabled as actual usage with the time the data was collected. You must also resume your normal usage reporting.

For Kubernetes apps, if usage reports fail during the app's startup, we recommend that your app stop itself, so that your customers get immediate feedback and can resolve the issue.

Best practices for usage labeling

For usage-based SaaS products, usage is attributed to a single project specified by the usageReportingId field. In some scenarios, a SaaS product might be shared broadly within a customer's organization and used across many customer projects. To enable support for more specific cost attribution, we recommend that usage-based SaaS products include the optional userLabels field on their usage report operation.

If your service natively supports a concept of resource labels, we recommend that you forward those labels in your usage reports. Labels must conform to the syntax requirements.

Cloud Marketplace reserves the following labels. You can use these labels to identify additional context for usage within your native service platform. We recommend that you include these labels in your usage reports by default.

Label Key	Label Value	Description>
cloudmarketplace.googleapis.com/resource_name	USER_SUPPLIED	The name of the resource associated with a usage metric.
cloudmarketplace.googleapis.com/container_name	USER_SUPPLIED	The name of a resource container.

Labels are forwarded to Cloud Billing cost management tools, including cost reports and billing exports.

Usage labeling example

For this example, imagine your organization offers a storage product called SaaS Storage Solutions.

A customer, Carl, has purchased your storage offering for their Google Cloud project e-commerce-website, to host the user_profiles_db and products_db databases for their e-commerce website:

• user_profiles_db contains information about users that visit Carl's site.
• products_db contains information about products that Carl sells on their site.

If you want to provide Carl a detailed cost breakdown of their usage, you can use the userLabels key-value pair to report the cost of usage for each database separately.

For example, to report the cost attributed to Carl's products_db storage usage, you could send the following report, which indicates that Carl's products_db storage is costing them 100 units:

operation = {
  'operationId': '<UUID>',
  'operationName': 'db-total-storage',
  'consumerId': 'project:carl_website',
  'startTime': '<Timestamp>',
  'endTime': '<Timestamp>',
  'metricValues': [{
      'int64Value': 100,
  }],
  'userLabels': {
    'cloudmarketplace.googleapis.com/container_name': 'e-commerce-website',
    'cloudmarketplace.googleapis.com/resource_name': 'products_db'
  }
}

service.services().report(
  serviceName=service_name, body={
    'operations': [operation]
}).execute()

In this example, service_name is the Project ID of Carl's Google Cloud project.

For a more detailed example of using userLabels, you can refer to the SaaS codelab.

(Optional) Integrate your reporting with Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

If you want to use Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in the environment in which your product's service runs, you must complete the following steps to integrate Google Cloud Marketplace reporting with VPC. By default, the Compute Engine VMs in your VPC can only communicate internally. You must configure one of the VMs to communicate externally, so that the rest of the VMs in your VPC can use it for reporting.

Before you begin

• Set up your preferred implementation of VPC in your service environment. For steps to set up VPC, visit Create and modify Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) networks.

• Ensure that you have the Compute Network Admin (roles/compute.NetworkAdmin) IAM role for your Google Cloud project.

Set up Private Google Access

To enable your product's Compute Engine virtual machines (VMs) to communicate externally for reporting purposes, you must set up Private Google Access. For more information about configuring Private Google Access, refer to Configuring Private Google Access.

1. Enable Private Google Access for your service environment.

2. Configure DNS to resolve requests to private.googleapis.com.

3. Create a custom route for Google APIs:

   • For the Name, specify route-google-apis-services.

   • For Network, select your VPC.

   • For Destination IP range, specify 199.36.153.8/30.

   • For Priority, specify 0.

   • For Instance tags, specify google-apis-services.

   • For Next hop, select Default internet gateway.

4. Create a VPC firewall rule to enable your product to communicate with Google APIs:

   • For the Name, specify google-apis-services.

   • For the Description, specify Allow egress traffic to Google APIs and services.

   • Enable firewall rules logging.

   • For Network, select your VPC.

   • For Direction of traffic, select Egress.

   • For the Action on match, select Allow.

   • For the Name, specify google-apis-services.

   • For Targets, select Specified target tags, and then for Target tags, specify google-apis-services.

   • For the Destination filter, select IPv4 ranges, and for the Destination IPv4 ranges, specify 199.36.153.8/30.

   • For Protocols and ports, select Allow all.

5. In Google Cloud console, select the VM you want to use to report your product's usage. Under Network tags, add google-apis-services, and click SAVE.

6. Under Network interfaces, locate your VPC's network interface.

7. In the Subnetwork column, click on the subnet link. From the Subnet details page, click EDIT, and set Private Google Access to On.

8. Click SAVE.

(Optional) Integrate your reporting with VPC Service Controls

If you want to use VPC Service Controls in the environment in which your product's service runs, you must complete the following steps to integrate Google Cloud Marketplace reporting with VPC Service Controls:

1. Set up your preferred implementation of VPC Service Controls in your service environment. For more information about setting up VPC Service Controls, visit Set up a service perimeter by using VPC Service Controls.

2. Ensure that the servicecontrol.googleapis.com service in your implementation of VPC Service Controls isn't restricted.

   Caution: If your implementation of VPC Service Controls restricts the service servicecontrol.googleapis.com, reporting might not function as intended, and your users might not be charged correctly for their usage.