Memberikan peran menggunakan library klien

Pelajari cara memulai metode IAM dari Resource Manager API dalam bahasa pemrograman favorit Anda.

---

Jika ingin mengikuti panduan langkah demi langkah untuk tugas ini langsung di Konsol Google Cloud, klik Pandu saya:

Pandu saya

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Sebelum memulai

Membuat project Google Cloud

Untuk panduan memulai ini, Anda memerlukan project Google Cloud baru.

Peringatan: Jika Anda menggunakan project yang sudah ada, menyelesaikan panduan memulai ini akan memungkinkan beberapa pengguna mengakses resource dalam project tersebut untuk sementara waktu.

1. Login ke akun Google Cloud Anda. Jika Anda baru menggunakan Google Cloud, buat akun untuk mengevaluasi performa produk kami dalam skenario dunia nyata. Pelanggan baru juga mendapatkan kredit gratis senilai $300 untuk menjalankan, menguji, dan men-deploy workload.
2. Menginstal Google Cloud CLI.

3. Untuk initialize gcloud CLI, jalankan perintah berikut:

   gcloud init

4. Buat atau pilih project Google Cloud.

   Catatan: Jika tidak berencana untuk menyimpan resource yang Anda buat dalam prosedur ini, buatlah project, bukan memilih project yang ada. Setelah menyelesaikan langkah ini, Anda dapat menghapus project, yang menghapus semua resource yang terkait dengan project ini.

   • Membuat project Google Cloud:

     gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

     Ganti PROJECT_ID dengan nama untuk project Google Cloud yang Anda buat.

   • Pilih project Google Cloud yang Anda buat:

     gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

     Ganti PROJECT_ID dengan nama project Google Cloud Anda.

5. Aktifkan API Resource Manager:

   gcloud services enable cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com

6. Buat kredensial autentikasi lokal untuk Akun Google Anda:

   gcloud auth application-default login

7. Berikan peran ke Akun Google Anda. Jalankan perintah berikut satu kali untuk setiap peran IAM berikut: roles/resourcemanager.projectIamAdmin

   gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:EMAIL_ADDRESS" --role=ROLE

   • Ganti PROJECT_ID dengan project ID Anda.
   • Ganti EMAIL_ADDRESS dengan alamat email Anda.
   • Ganti ROLE dengan setiap peran individual.
8. Menginstal Google Cloud CLI.

9. Untuk initialize gcloud CLI, jalankan perintah berikut:

   gcloud init

10. Buat atau pilih project Google Cloud.

    Catatan: Jika tidak berencana untuk menyimpan resource yang Anda buat dalam prosedur ini, buatlah project, bukan memilih project yang ada. Setelah menyelesaikan langkah ini, Anda dapat menghapus project, yang menghapus semua resource yang terkait dengan project ini.

    • Membuat project Google Cloud:

      gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

      Ganti PROJECT_ID dengan nama untuk project Google Cloud yang Anda buat.

    • Pilih project Google Cloud yang Anda buat:

      gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

      Ganti PROJECT_ID dengan nama project Google Cloud Anda.

11. Aktifkan API Resource Manager:

    gcloud services enable cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com

12. Buat kredensial autentikasi lokal untuk Akun Google Anda:

    gcloud auth application-default login

13. Berikan peran ke Akun Google Anda. Jalankan perintah berikut satu kali untuk setiap peran IAM berikut: roles/resourcemanager.projectIamAdmin

    gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:EMAIL_ADDRESS" --role=ROLE

    • Ganti PROJECT_ID dengan project ID Anda.
    • Ganti EMAIL_ADDRESS dengan alamat email Anda.
    • Ganti ROLE dengan setiap peran individual.

Menginstal library klien

C#

Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang menyiapkan lingkungan pengembangan C#, lihat Panduan Penyiapan Lingkungan Pengembangan C#.

install-package Google.Apis.Iam.v1
install-package Google.Apis.CloudResourceManager.v1

Go

go get golang.org/x/oauth2/google
go get google.golang.org/api/cloudresourcemanager/v1

Java

Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang cara menyiapkan lingkungan pengembangan Java, lihat Panduan Penyiapan Lingkungan Pengembangan Java.

Jika Anda menggunakan Maven, tambahkan ini ke file pom.xml.

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.apis</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-api-services-cloudresourcemanager</artifactId>
  <version>v3-rev20240128-2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.auth</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-auth-library-oauth2-http</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.http-client</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-http-client-jackson2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.apis</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-api-services-iam</artifactId>
  <version>v1-rev20240118-2.0.0</version>
</dependency>

Python

Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang menyiapkan lingkungan pengembangan Python, lihat Panduan Penyiapan Lingkungan Pengembangan Python.

pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client google-auth google-auth-httplib2

Membaca, mengubah, dan menulis kebijakan izin

Cuplikan kode dalam panduan memulai ini berfungsi sebagai berikut:

• Melakukan inisialisasi layanan Resource Manager, yang mengelola project Google Cloud.
• Membaca kebijakan izin untuk project Anda.
• Mengubah kebijakan izin dengan memberikan peran Penulis Log (roles/logging.logWriter) ke Akun Google Anda.
• Menulis kebijakan izin yang diperbarui.
• Mencetak semua akun utama yang memiliki peran Penulis Log (roles/logging.logWriter) di level project.
• Mencabut peran Penulis Log.

Ganti nilai berikut sebelum menjalankan cuplikan kode:

• your-project: ID project Anda.
• your-member: Alamat email untuk Akun Google Anda, dengan awalan user:. Contohnya, user:[e-mail].

Catatan: Cuplikan berikut mengubah akses dengan mendapatkan, mengubah, dan menetapkan kebijakan izin untuk project. Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang kebijakan izin, lihat ringkasan IAM.

C#

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Resource Manager, lihat library klien Resource Manager. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Dokumentasi referensi Resource Manager C# API.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Resource Manager, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

using Google.Apis.Auth.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.CloudResourceManager.v1;
using Google.Apis.CloudResourceManager.v1.Data;
using Google.Apis.Iam.v1;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class QuickStart
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // TODO: Replace with your project ID
        var projectId = "your-project";
        // TODO: Replace with the ID of your member in the form "user:[e-mail]"
        var member = "your-member";
        // Role to be granted
        var role = "roles/logging.logWriter";

        // Initialize service
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService = InitializeService();

        // Grant your member the "Log Writer" role for your project
        AddBinding(crmService, projectId, member, role);

        // Get the project's policy and print all members with the the "Log Writer" role
        var policy = GetPolicy(crmService, projectId);
        var binding = policy.Bindings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Role == role);
        Console.WriteLine("Role: " + binding.Role);
        Console.Write("Members: ");
        foreach (var m in binding.Members)
        {
            Console.Write("[" + m + "] ");
        }
        Console.WriteLine();

        // Remove member from the "Log Writer" role
        RemoveMember(crmService, projectId, member, role);
    }

    public static CloudResourceManagerService InitializeService()
    {
        // Get credentials
        var credential = GoogleCredential.GetApplicationDefault()
            .CreateScoped(IamService.Scope.CloudPlatform);

        // Create the Cloud Resource Manager service object
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService = new CloudResourceManagerService(
            new CloudResourceManagerService.Initializer
            {
                HttpClientInitializer = credential
            });

        return crmService;
    }

    public static Policy GetPolicy(CloudResourceManagerService crmService, String projectId)
    {
        // Get the project's policy by calling the
        // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API
        var policy = crmService.Projects.GetIamPolicy(
            new GetIamPolicyRequest(),
            projectId).Execute();
        return policy;
    }

    public static void SetPolicy(CloudResourceManagerService crmService, String projectId, Policy policy)
    {
        // Set the project's policy by calling the
        // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API
        crmService.Projects.SetIamPolicy(
           new SetIamPolicyRequest
           {
               Policy = policy
           }, projectId).Execute();
    }

    public static void AddBinding(
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService,
        string projectId,
        string member,
        string role)
    {
        // Get the project's policy
        var policy = GetPolicy(crmService, projectId);

        // Find binding in policy
        var binding = policy.Bindings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Role == role);

        // If binding already exists, add member to binding
        if (binding != null)
        {
            binding.Members.Add(member);
        }
        // If binding does not exist, add binding to policy
        else
        {
            binding = new Binding
            {
                Role = role,
                Members = new List<string> { member }
            };
            policy.Bindings.Add(binding);
        }

        // Set the updated policy
        SetPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
    }

    public static void RemoveMember(
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService,
        string projectId,
        string member,
        string role)
    {
        // Get the project's policy
        var policy = GetPolicy(crmService, projectId);

        // Remove the member from the role
        var binding = policy.Bindings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Role == role);
        if (binding == null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Role does not exist in policy.");
        }
        else
        {
            if (binding.Members.Contains(member))
            {
                binding.Members.Remove(member);
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("The member has not been granted this role.");
            }

            if (binding.Members.Count == 0)
            {
                policy.Bindings.Remove(binding);
            }
        }

        // Set the updated policy
        SetPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
    }
}

Go

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Resource Manager, lihat library klien Resource Manager. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Dokumentasi referensi Resource Manager Go API.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Resource Manager, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

package main

import (
	"context"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"google.golang.org/api/cloudresourcemanager/v1"
)

func main() {
	// TODO: Add your project ID
	projectID := flag.String("project_id", "", "Cloud Project ID")
	// TODO: Add the ID of your member in the form "user:[e-mail]"
	member := flag.String("member_id", "", "Your member ID")
	flag.Parse()

	// The role to be granted
	var role string = "roles/logging.logWriter"

	// Initializes the Cloud Resource Manager service
	ctx := context.Background()
	crmService, err := cloudresourcemanager.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("cloudresourcemanager.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	// Grants your member the "Log writer" role for your project
	addBinding(crmService, *projectID, *member, role)

	// Gets the project's policy and prints all members with the "Log Writer" role
	policy := getPolicy(crmService, *projectID)
	// Find the policy binding for role. Only one binding can have the role.
	var binding *cloudresourcemanager.Binding
	for _, b := range policy.Bindings {
		if b.Role == role {
			binding = b
			break
		}
	}
	fmt.Println("Role: ", binding.Role)
	fmt.Print("Members: ", strings.Join(binding.Members, ", "))

	// Removes member from the "Log writer" role
	removeMember(crmService, *projectID, *member, role)

}

// addBinding adds the member to the project's IAM policy
func addBinding(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID, member, role string) {

	policy := getPolicy(crmService, projectID)

	// Find the policy binding for role. Only one binding can have the role.
	var binding *cloudresourcemanager.Binding
	for _, b := range policy.Bindings {
		if b.Role == role {
			binding = b
			break
		}
	}

	if binding != nil {
		// If the binding exists, adds the member to the binding
		binding.Members = append(binding.Members, member)
	} else {
		// If the binding does not exist, adds a new binding to the policy
		binding = &cloudresourcemanager.Binding{
			Role:    role,
			Members: []string{member},
		}
		policy.Bindings = append(policy.Bindings, binding)
	}

	setPolicy(crmService, projectID, policy)

}

// removeMember removes the member from the project's IAM policy
func removeMember(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID, member, role string) {

	policy := getPolicy(crmService, projectID)

	// Find the policy binding for role. Only one binding can have the role.
	var binding *cloudresourcemanager.Binding
	var bindingIndex int
	for i, b := range policy.Bindings {
		if b.Role == role {
			binding = b
			bindingIndex = i
			break
		}
	}

	// Order doesn't matter for bindings or members, so to remove, move the last item
	// into the removed spot and shrink the slice.
	if len(binding.Members) == 1 {
		// If the member is the only member in the binding, removes the binding
		last := len(policy.Bindings) - 1
		policy.Bindings[bindingIndex] = policy.Bindings[last]
		policy.Bindings = policy.Bindings[:last]
	} else {
		// If there is more than one member in the binding, removes the member
		var memberIndex int
		for i, mm := range binding.Members {
			if mm == member {
				memberIndex = i
			}
		}
		last := len(policy.Bindings[bindingIndex].Members) - 1
		binding.Members[memberIndex] = binding.Members[last]
		binding.Members = binding.Members[:last]
	}

	setPolicy(crmService, projectID, policy)

}

// getPolicy gets the project's IAM policy
func getPolicy(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID string) *cloudresourcemanager.Policy {

	ctx := context.Background()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10)
	defer cancel()
	request := new(cloudresourcemanager.GetIamPolicyRequest)
	policy, err := crmService.Projects.GetIamPolicy(projectID, request).Do()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Projects.GetIamPolicy: %v", err)
	}

	return policy
}

// setPolicy sets the project's IAM policy
func setPolicy(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID string, policy *cloudresourcemanager.Policy) {

	ctx := context.Background()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10)
	defer cancel()
	request := new(cloudresourcemanager.SetIamPolicyRequest)
	request.Policy = policy
	policy, err := crmService.Projects.SetIamPolicy(projectID, request).Do()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Projects.SetIamPolicy: %v", err)
	}
}

Java

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Resource Manager, lihat library klien Resource Manager. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Dokumentasi referensi Resource Manager Java API.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Resource Manager, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

import com.google.api.client.googleapis.javanet.GoogleNetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.gson.GsonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.v3.CloudResourceManager;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.v3.model.Binding;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.v3.model.GetIamPolicyRequest;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.v3.model.Policy;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.v3.model.SetIamPolicyRequest;
import com.google.api.services.iam.v1.IamScopes;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class Quickstart {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO: Replace with your project ID in the form "projects/your-project-id".
    String projectId = "your-project";
    // TODO: Replace with the ID of your member in the form "user:[e-mail]"
    String member = "your-member";
    // The role to be granted.
    String role = "roles/logging.logWriter";

    // Initializes the Cloud Resource Manager service.
    CloudResourceManager crmService = null;
    try {
      crmService = initializeService();
    } catch (IOException | GeneralSecurityException e) {
      System.out.println("Unable to initialize service: \n" + e.getMessage() + e.getStackTrace());
    }

    // Grants your member the "Log writer" role for your project.
    addBinding(crmService, projectId, member, role);

    // Get the project's policy and print all members with the "Log Writer" role
    Policy policy = getPolicy(crmService, projectId);
    Binding binding = null;
    List<Binding> bindings = policy.getBindings();
    for (Binding b : bindings) {
      if (b.getRole().equals(role)) {
        binding = b;
        break;
      }
    }
    System.out.println("Role: " + binding.getRole());
    System.out.print("Members: ");
    for (String m : binding.getMembers()) {
      System.out.print("[" + m + "] ");
    }
    System.out.println();

    // Removes member from the "Log writer" role.
    removeMember(crmService, projectId, member, role);
  }

  public static CloudResourceManager initializeService()
      throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
    // Use the Application Default Credentials strategy for authentication. For more info, see:
    // https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production#finding_credentials_automatically
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(IamScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    // Creates the Cloud Resource Manager service object.
    CloudResourceManager service =
        new CloudResourceManager.Builder(
                GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport(),
                GsonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
                new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credential))
            .setApplicationName("iam-quickstart")
            .build();
    return service;
  }

  public static void addBinding(
      CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId, String member, String role) {

    // Gets the project's policy.
    Policy policy = getPolicy(crmService, projectId);

    // If policy is not retrieved, return early.
    if (policy == null) {
      return;
    }

    // Finds binding in policy, if it exists.
    Binding binding = null;
    for (Binding b : policy.getBindings()) {
      if (b.getRole().equals(role)) {
        binding = b;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (binding != null) {
      // If binding already exists, adds member to binding.
      binding.getMembers().add(member);
    } else {
      // If binding does not exist, adds binding to policy.
      binding = new Binding();
      binding.setRole(role);
      binding.setMembers(Collections.singletonList(member));
      policy.getBindings().add(binding);
    }

    // Sets the updated policy.
    setPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
  }

  public static void removeMember(
      CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId, String member, String role) {
    // Gets the project's policy.
    Policy policy = getPolicy(crmService, projectId);

    // Removes the member from the role.
    Binding binding = null;
    for (Binding b : policy.getBindings()) {
      if (b.getRole().equals(role)) {
        binding = b;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (binding != null && binding.getMembers().contains(member)) {
      binding.getMembers().remove(member);
      if (binding.getMembers().isEmpty()) {
        policy.getBindings().remove(binding);
      }
    }

    // Sets the updated policy.
    setPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
  }

  public static Policy getPolicy(CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId) {
    // Gets the project's policy by calling the
    // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API.
    Policy policy = null;
    try {
      GetIamPolicyRequest request = new GetIamPolicyRequest();
      policy = crmService.projects().getIamPolicy(projectId, request).execute();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Unable to get policy: \n" + e.getMessage() + e.getStackTrace());
    }
    return policy;
  }

  private static void setPolicy(CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId, Policy policy) {
    // Sets the project's policy by calling the
    // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API.
    try {
      SetIamPolicyRequest request = new SetIamPolicyRequest();
      request.setPolicy(policy);
      crmService.projects().setIamPolicy(projectId, request).execute();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Unable to set policy: \n" + e.getMessage() + e.getStackTrace());
    }
  }
}

Python

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Resource Manager, lihat library klien Resource Manager. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Dokumentasi referensi Resource Manager Python API.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Resource Manager, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

import google.auth
import googleapiclient.discovery

def quickstart(project_id: str, member: str) -> None:
    """Gets a policy, adds a member, prints their permissions, and removes the member."""

    # Role to be granted.
    role = "roles/logging.logWriter"

    # Initializes service.
    crm_service = initialize_service()

    # Grants your member the 'Log Writer' role for the project.
    modify_policy_add_role(crm_service, project_id, role, member)

    # Gets the project's policy and prints all members with the 'Log Writer' role.
    policy = get_policy(crm_service, project_id)
    binding = next(b for b in policy["bindings"] if b["role"] == role)
    print(f'Role: {(binding["role"])}')
    print("Members: ")
    for m in binding["members"]:
        print(f"[{m}]")

    # Removes the member from the 'Log Writer' role.
    modify_policy_remove_member(crm_service, project_id, role, member)

def initialize_service() -> dict:
    """Initializes a Cloud Resource Manager service."""

    credentials, _ = google.auth.default(
        scopes=["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    crm_service = googleapiclient.discovery.build(
        "cloudresourcemanager", "v1", credentials=credentials
    )
    return crm_service

def modify_policy_add_role(
    crm_service: str, project_id: str, role: str, member: str
) -> None:
    """Adds a new role binding to a policy."""

    policy = get_policy(crm_service, project_id)

    binding = None
    for b in policy["bindings"]:
        if b["role"] == role:
            binding = b
            break
    if binding is not None:
        binding["members"].append(member)
    else:
        binding = {"role": role, "members": [member]}
        policy["bindings"].append(binding)

    set_policy(crm_service, project_id, policy)

def modify_policy_remove_member(
    crm_service: str, project_id: str, role: str, member: str
) -> None:
    """Removes a  member from a role binding."""

    policy = get_policy(crm_service, project_id)

    binding = next(b for b in policy["bindings"] if b["role"] == role)
    if "members" in binding and member in binding["members"]:
        binding["members"].remove(member)

    set_policy(crm_service, project_id, policy)

def get_policy(crm_service: str, project_id: str, version: int = 3) -> dict:
    """Gets IAM policy for a project."""

    policy = (
        crm_service.projects()
        .getIamPolicy(
            resource=project_id,
            body={"options": {"requestedPolicyVersion": version}},
        )
        .execute()
    )
    return policy

def set_policy(crm_service: str, project_id: str, policy: str) -> dict:
    """Sets IAM policy for a project."""

    policy = (
        crm_service.projects()
        .setIamPolicy(resource=project_id, body={"policy": policy})
        .execute()
    )
    return policy

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # TODO: replace with your project ID
    project_id = "your-project-id"
    # TODO: Replace with the ID of your member in the form 'user:[e-mail]'.
    member = "your-member"
    quickstart(project_id, member)

Selamat! Anda telah menggunakan metode IAM di Resource Manager API untuk mengubah akses suatu project.

Bagaimana hasilnya?

Berhasil!

Bagus! Apa yang Anda sukai dari panduan ini? Hal apa saja yang sebaiknya kami tingkatkan? Beri tahu kami!.

Saya terjebak.

Mohon maaf atas ketidaknyamanan ini. Beri tahu kami masalahnya. Kami akan memperbaikinya

Pembersihan

1. Opsional: Cabut kredensial autentikasi yang Anda buat, dan hapus file kredensial lokal.

   gcloud auth application-default revoke

2. Opsional: Cabut kredensial dari gcloud CLI.

   gcloud auth revoke

Langkah selanjutnya

• Baca tentang cara kerja IAM.
• Pelajari lebih lanjut cara memberikan, mengubah, dan mencabut akses.
• Memecahkan masalah akses menggunakan Pemecah Masalah Kebijakan.