What is virtual hosting?

Virtual hosting is a technique where a single server is configured to host multiple, separate domain names. From a user’s perspective, each website (www.example-a.com, www.example-b.org) appears to be on its own dedicated server. In reality, these sites share the resources of one powerful physical or virtual machine. This practice is a cornerstone of the modern web hosting industry, enabling providers to offer services at a much lower cost than would be possible if every website required its own physical hardware.

What’s the difference between a virtual server and a host?

The terms "virtual server" and "host" are closely related but refer to different layers of the infrastructure.

A host typically refers to the physical machine or the primary virtual machine that provides the computing resources—CPU, RAM, and storage. It’s the underlying hardware foundation.
A virtual server is the isolated environment that runs on the host machine. A single host can run multiple virtual servers, with each one allocated a specific portion of the host's resources. In the context of Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting, each client is given their own virtual server, providing a greater degree of isolation and control than basic shared hosting.

Comparison of related concepts to virtual hosting

To understand its place in the technology stack, it can be helpful to compare virtual hosting to related concepts. While often used in similar contexts, they serve distinct roles.

Feature	Virtual hosting	Web server	Cloud hosting	Virtual private server
What it is	A method to host multiple websites on one server.	Software (for example, Apache, NGINX) that serves web content upon request.	A hosting model using a network of interconnected virtual and physical servers.	A type of virtual hosting where a server is partitioned into private environments.
Resource model	Shared or dedicated, depending on the type (for example, shared vs. VPS).	It manages and serves content using the server's available resources.	Elastic and pooled; resources are drawn from a vast network and can scale on demand.	Dedicated portion of a server's resources (CPU, RAM) is guaranteed.
Isolation	Varies from low (shared hosting) to high (VPS).	N/A; it's software that can be configured for isolation but doesn't provide it.	High isolation at the virtual machine or container level.	High level of isolation from other users on the same physical host.
Control level	Can be limited (shared) or extensive with root access (VPS).	N/A; control is over the software configuration, not the hardware.	High; often provides root access and full control over virtual instances.	High; typically includes root access and the ability to install custom software.
Primary role	Maximize server efficiency and reduce costs.	Process HTTP requests and deliver web page files.	Provide scalable, resilient, and on-demand computing infrastructure.	Offer a balance between the cost of shared hosting and the control of a dedicated server.

Feature

Virtual hosting

Web server

Cloud hosting

Virtual private server

What it is

A method to host multiple websites on one server.

Software (for example, Apache, NGINX) that serves web content upon request.

A hosting model using a network of interconnected virtual and physical servers.

A type of virtual hosting where a server is partitioned into private environments.

Resource model

Shared or dedicated, depending on the type (for example, shared vs. VPS).

It manages and serves content using the server's available resources.

Elastic and pooled; resources are drawn from a vast network and can scale on demand.

Dedicated portion of a server's resources (CPU, RAM) is guaranteed.

Isolation

Varies from low (shared hosting) to high (VPS).

N/A; it's software that can be configured for isolation but doesn't provide it.

High isolation at the virtual machine or container level.

High level of isolation from other users on the same physical host.

Control level

Can be limited (shared) or extensive with root access (VPS).

N/A; control is over the software configuration, not the hardware.

High; often provides root access and full control over virtual instances.

High; typically includes root access and the ability to install custom software.

Primary role

Maximize server efficiency and reduce costs.

Process HTTP requests and deliver web page files.

Provide scalable, resilient, and on-demand computing infrastructure.

Offer a balance between the cost of shared hosting and the control of a dedicated server.

Different ways to configure virtual hosting

While name-based hosting is the most common, there are a few ways a server can be configured to distinguish between different hosted sites.

Name-based hosting: The most common method is name-based virtual hosting. Multiple domain names share a single IP address, and the server uses the Host header in the HTTP request to differentiate between them.
IP-based virtual hosting: In this configuration, each website hosted on the server has its own unique IP address. The web server determines which site to serve based on the destination IP address of the incoming request. This method is less common today due to the scarcity of IPv4 addresses and the fact that modern security protocols (TLS/SNI) make it largely unnecessary.
Port-based virtual hosting: This is a less common method where all sites share a single IP address, but each site is accessed on a different port number (for example, http://example.com:8080, http://example.com:8081). This is rarely used for public websites but may be employed for internal administrative tools or development services.

Types of virtual hosting

The concept of virtual hosting is delivered to customers through several distinct types of hosting products.

Shared hosting

This fundamental and budget-friendly option involves housing hundreds or thousands of user accounts on a single server, where they collectively utilize the server's CPU, RAM, and disk space. It’s well suited for small websites, blogs, and personal projects that experience low traffic.

Virtual private server (VPS) hosting

Typically offers stronger control and performance. A physical server is partitioned into a smaller number of powerful virtual servers using virtualization technology. Each VPS is allocated a guaranteed, dedicated portion of the server's resources and functions with the same level of control as a dedicated server, including root access.

Managed hosting

This is a service layer that can be applied on top of other hosting types, most commonly VPS or dedicated servers. With managed hosting, the provider takes care of administrative tasks like server setup, software updates, security patching, and monitoring, allowing the client to focus solely on their application.

Benefits of virtual hosting

Virtual hosting, particularly through offerings like VPS, may provide several key advantages for businesses and developers.

Cost-effectiveness

By sharing the cost of hardware, maintenance, and data center space, virtual hosting can be significantly more affordable than leasing or purchasing a full dedicated server.

Control and customization

Especially with VPS hosting, users often get root access to their virtual server. This can allow them to install custom software, fine-tune server configurations, and create a tailored environment for their applications.

Scalability

Virtual hosting provides a clear growth path. A project can start on a small, low-cost plan and be upgraded to a more powerful virtual server with more CPU, RAM, and storage as traffic and complexity increase.

Security and isolation (VPS)

One of the core benefits of VPS hosting over basic shared hosting is isolation. The activity on one virtual server doesn't affect the performance or security of another on the same physical host, eliminating the "noisy neighbor" problem.

Resource efficiency

From a provider's perspective, virtual hosting maximizes the use of a physical server's resources, reducing wasted compute capacity and energy consumption.

Solve your business challenges with Google Cloud

New customers get $300 in free credits to spend on Google Cloud.

Use cases of virtual hosting

VPS-based virtual hosting suits many enterprise and developer needs. It's ideal for small to medium business websites (e-commerce, portals), web application hosting (custom environments), development/testing (isolated sandboxes), web agencies (managing client sites), and dedicated services like email or database hosting (requiring more resources/security).

What problem are you trying to solve?

What you'll get:

Step-by-step guide

Reference architecture

Available pre-built solutions

This service was built with Vertex AI. You must be 18 or older to use it. Do not enter sensitive, confidential, or personal info.