Use data lineage in Dataproc

Data lineage is a Dataplex feature that lets you track how data moves through your systems: where it comes from, where it is passed to, and what transformations are applied to it.

Data lineage is available for all Dataproc Spark jobs except SparkR, with Dataproc Compute Engine 2.0.74+ and 2.1.22+ images. Lineage is available for BigQuery and Cloud Storage data sources.

Once you enable the feature in your Dataproc cluster, Dataproc Spark jobs capture lineage events and publish them to the Dataplex Data Lineage API. Dataproc integrates with the Data Lineage API through OpenLineage, using the OpenLineage Spark plugin.

You can access lineage information through Dataplex, using the following:

Limitations

Lineage is not supported for the following:

  • BigQuery Connector version 2 (data source API version 2 of Spark)
  • Spark streaming workload

Before you begin

  1. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select the project that contains the Dataproc cluster for which you want to track lineage.

    Go to project selector

  2. Enable Data Lineage API and Data Catalog API.

    Enable the APIs

Required roles

To get the permissions that you need to use data lineage in Dataproc, ask your administrator to grant you the following IAM roles on the Dataproc cluster VM service account:

For more information about granting roles, see Manage access to projects, folders, and organizations.

You might also be able to get the required permissions through custom roles or other predefined roles.

Enable data lineage in Dataproc

Enable lineage at the cluster level, so that all submitted Spark jobs in the cluster report lineage information to the Data Lineage API.

Create a Dataproc cluster

Create a Dataproc cluster with the property dataproc:dataproc.lineage.enabled set to true.

gcloud dataproc clusters create CLUSTER_NAME \
--region REGION \
--zone ZONE \
--project PROJECT_ID \
--properties 'dataproc:dataproc.lineage.enabled=true' \
--scopes https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform

Submit a Spark job

When you submit a Spark job on a Dataproc cluster that was created with lineage enabled, Dataproc captures and reports the lineage information to the Data Lineage API.

gcloud dataproc jobs submit spark \
--project PROJECT_ID \
--cluster=CLUSTER_NAME \
--region REGION \
--class CLASS \
--jars=gs://APPLICATION_BUCKET/spark-application.jar \
--properties=spark.openlineage.namespace=CUSTOM_NAMESPACE,spark.openlineage.appName=CUSTOM_APPNAME

The properties spark.openlineage.namespace and spark.openlineage.appName are optional, and are used to uniquely identify the job. If you don't pass these properties, Dataproc uses the following default values:

  • Default value for spark.openlineage.namespace: PROJECT_ID
  • Default value for spark.openlineage.appName: spark.app.name

View lineage graphs in Dataplex

A lineage visualization graph displays the relations between your project resources and the processes that created them. You can view data lineage information in the form of a graph visualization in the Google Cloud console, or retrieve it from the Data Lineage API in the form of JSON data.

For more information, see View lineage graphs in Dataplex UI.

Example

Consider the following Spark job that reads data from a BigQuery table and writes to another BigQuery table:

#!/usr/bin/env python

from pyspark.sql import SparkSession
import sys

spark = SparkSession \
  .builder \
  .appName('LINEAGE_BQ_TO_BQ') \
  .getOrCreate()

bucket = lineage-ol-test
spark.conf.set('temporaryGcsBucket', bucket)

source = sample.source
words = spark.read.format('bigquery') \
  .option('table', source) \
  .load()
words.createOrReplaceTempView('words')

word_count = spark.sql('SELECT word, SUM(word_count) AS word_count FROM words GROUP BY word')

destination = sample.destination
word_count.write.format('bigquery') \
  .option('table', destination) \
  .save()

This Spark job creates the following lineage graph in the Dataplex UI:

Sample lineage graph

Disable data lineage in Dataproc

After you enable linage when you create a cluster, you cannot disable lineage at the cluster level. To disable lineage in a Dataproc cluster, recreate the cluster without the dataproc:dataproc.lineage.enabled property.

To disable lineage for a particular job on a cluster that was created with lineage enabled, you must pass the spark.extraListeners property with empty value when submitting the job.

What's next