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Aktifkan simpan ke cache
Bagian ini mencantumkan langkah-langkah untuk mengaktifkan caching dengan Ranger guna mengurangi perjalanan pulang pergi Sistem Pengelolaan Kunci (KMS) Ranger untuk mengenkripsi dan mendekripsi token.
Instal memcached di VM cluster Dataproc. Secara default, server memcached dimulai di port VM 11211 (localhost:11211).
sudo apt-get install -y memcached
Tetapkan properti berikut di file konfigurasi Ranger /etc/dataproc-ranger-gcs-plugin/conf/ranger-gcs-site.xml pada VM cluster Dataproc.
Anda mungkin perlu memperkecil cakupan token akses Ranger untuk memindahkan (memperluas cakupan) jalur Cloud Storage yang ditunjuk oleh tabel Hive eksternal.
Untuk memindahkan semua partisi dan subpartisi ke tingkat tabel,
tetapkan properti downscope.table.partition-name.pruning.enabled
ke true dalam file konfigurasi ranger-gcs-site.xml di VM cluster Dataproc.
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Sulit dipahami","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informasi atau kode contoh salah","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Informasi/contoh yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-09-04 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eRanger caching, available on Dataproc Compute Engine image versions 2.0.92 and later, can be enabled by installing \u003ccode\u003ememcached\u003c/code\u003e, configuring the \u003ccode\u003eranger-gcs-site.xml\u003c/code\u003e file with caching properties, and restarting the authorization service.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can check the status of the Ranger cache using \u003ccode\u003etelnet\u003c/code\u003e to connect to \u003ccode\u003ememcached\u003c/code\u003e, then use commands like \u003ccode\u003estats items\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003estats cachedump\u003c/code\u003e to get details about the cache content and \u003ccode\u003eflush_all\u003c/code\u003e to invalidate the cache.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eRanger access tokens for Cloud Storage can be downscoped by setting the \u003ccode\u003edownscope.table.partition-name.pruning.enabled\u003c/code\u003e property to \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e in the \u003ccode\u003eranger-gcs-site.xml\u003c/code\u003e file to move partitions and subpartitions up to the table level.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Use Ranger with caching and downscoping\n\n| **Objective:** Learn how to use Ranger properties to enable caching and downscoping on a Dataproc cluster.\n\nEnable caching\n--------------\n\nThis section lists the steps to enable caching with Ranger in order to reduce\nRanger Key Management System (KMS) round trips to encrypt and decrypt\ntokens.\n| **Note:** Ranger caching is available with Dataproc on Compute Engine image versions starting with image version `2.0.92`.\n\n1. Install [`memcached`](https://memcached.org/) on Dataproc\n cluster VMs. By default, the memcached server starts on VM port 11211 (`localhost:11211`).\n\n ```\n sudo apt-get install -y memcached\n ```\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\n2. Set the following properties in the `/etc/dataproc-ranger-gcs-plugin/conf/ranger-gcs-site.xml`\n Ranger config file on Dataproc cluster VMs.\n\n ```\n \u003cproperty\u003e\n \u003cname\u003eauthorization.service.remoteCaching.address\u003c/name\u003e\n \u003cvalue\u003elocalhost:11211\u003c/value\u003e\n \u003c/property\u003e\n\n \u003cproperty\u003e\n \u003cname\u003eauthorization.service.remoteCaching.class\u003c/name\u003e\n \u003cvalue\u003ecom.google.cloud.hadoop.ranger.gcs.authorization.caching.MemcachedCache\u003c/value\u003e\n \u003c/property\u003e\n\n \u003cproperty\u003e\n \u003cname\u003eauthorization.service.remoteCaching.encryption.key.uri\u003c/name\u003e\n \u003cvalue\u003egcp-kms://projects/PROJECT_ID_OF_KMS_KEY/locations/REGION/keyRings/KEYRING_NAME/cryptoKeys/KEY_NAME\u003c/value\u003e\n \u003c/property\u003e\n ```\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\n3. Restart the authorization service.\n\n ```\n sudo systemctl restart ranger-gcs-plugin-authorization-server\n ```\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\n### View cache status\n\nYou can use [`telnet`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telnet) to view Ranger\ncache status.\n\n1. Install `telnet`.\n\n ```\n sudo apt-get install -y telnet\n ```\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\n2. Use telnet to connect to `memcache` on VM port `11211`.\n\n ```\n sudo telnet 127.0.0.1 11211\n ```\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\n3. Use `telnet` commands to view cache status, including the following commands:\n\n - `stats items`: List the status of cache items. Sample output: \n\n ```\n STAT items:17:number 2\n STAT items:17:number_hot 0\n STAT items:17:number_warm 0\n STAT items:17:number_cold 2\n ```\n - `stats cachedump`: List keys stored in the cache. Sample output: \n\n ```\n stats cachedump 17 2\n ITEM 0616eeeeb54e23a09505da5bf75cd7fafe733eacf0d07bd7b1ac9cf46d17c188 [3051 b; 1707948281 s]\n ITEM d23645df9c79290d59ddb1b9710ff04fee37aa0b5de866b9b6d56b54641d68b4 [3078 b; 1707948281 s]\n ```\n - `flush_all`: Invalidate cache items.\n\nDownscope Cloud Storage access tokens\n-------------------------------------\n\nYou might need to downscope Ranger access tokens to move up (upscope) the\nCloud Storage paths that an external Hive table points to.\n\nTo move all partitions and subpartitions up to the table level,\nset the `downscope.table.partition-name.pruning.enabled`\nproperty to `true` in the `ranger-gcs-site.xml` config file on Dataproc\ncluster VMs. \n\n```\n\u003cproperty\u003e\n \u003cname\u003edownscope.table.partition-name.pruning.enabled\u003c/name\u003e\n \u003cvalue\u003etrue\u003c/value\u003e\n\u003c/property\u003e\n```\n\nExample:\n\n- Cloud Storage bucket name: `gs://warehouse`\n- Original access token path: `warehouse/hive/table/type=debit/year=2017/month=Aug/day=01/`\n- After setting `downscope.table.partition-name.pruning.enabled` to `true`, upscoped access token path: `warehouse/hive/table/`\n\n| **Note:** You can verify access token paths in the `/var/log/ranger-gcs-plugin-authorization-server.log` when `log4j.properties` is set to `debug`."]]
