添加自定义组织政策

本页面介绍如何在 Cloud SQL 实例中创建、设置和管理自定义限制条件。如需简要了解自定义组织政策，请参阅自定义组织政策。

Cloud SQL 支持的资源

本页面介绍了如何使用组织政策服务自定义限制条件来限制对以下 Google Cloud 资源执行的特定操作：

  • sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
  • sqladmin.googleapis.com/BackupRun

如需详细了解组织政策，请参阅自定义组织政策。

组织政策和限制条件简介

借助 Google Cloud 组织政策服务，您可以对组织的资源进行程序化集中控制。作为组织政策管理员，您可以定义组织政策，这是一组称为限制条件的限制，会应用于 Google Cloud 资源层次结构中的Google Cloud 资源及其后代。您可以在组织、文件夹或项目级强制执行组织政策。

组织政策为各种 Google Cloud 服务提供内置的托管式限制。但是，如果您想要更精细地控制和自定义组织政策中受限的特定字段，还可以创建自定义限制条件并在组织政策中使用这些自定义限制条件。

政策继承

如果您对资源强制执行政策，默认情况下，该资源的后代会继承组织政策。例如，如果您对某个文件夹强制执行一项政策， Google Cloud 会对该文件夹中的所有项目强制执行该政策。如需详细了解此行为及其更改方式，请参阅层次结构评估规则。

准备工作

  1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

  2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Go to project selector

  3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  4. Install the gcloud CLI.

  5. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  6. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command: 

    gcloud init

  7. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Go to project selector

  8. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  9. Install the gcloud CLI.

  10. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  11. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command: 

    gcloud init
  12. 请确保您知道您的组织 ID。

    13. 所需的角色

    如需获得管理自定义组织政策所需的权限，请让您的管理员为您授予组织资源的 Organization Policy Administrator (roles/orgpolicy.policyAdmin) IAM 角色。 如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

    您也可以通过自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取所需的权限。

    创建自定义限制条件

    自定义限制条件是在 YAML 文件中，由实施组织政策的服务所支持的资源、方法、条件和操作定义的。自定义限制条件的条件使用通用表达式语言 (CEL) 进行定义。如需详细了解如何使用 CEL 构建自定义限制条件中的条件，请参阅创建和管理自定义限制条件的 CEL 部分。

    如需创建自定义限制条件，请使用以下格式创建 YAML 文件：

    name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/CONSTRAINT_NAME
resourceTypes:
- RESOURCE_NAME
methodTypes:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
condition: "CONDITION"
actionType: ACTION
displayName: DISPLAY_NAME
description: DESCRIPTION

    替换以下内容：

    • ORGANIZATION_ID：您的组织 ID，例如 123456789。

    • CONSTRAINT_NAME：新的自定义限制条件的名称。 自定义限制条件必须以 custom. 开头，只能包含大写字母、小写字母或数字。例如 custom.region。该字段的最大长度为 70 个字符。

    • RESOURCE_NAME：包含要限制的对象和字段的Google Cloud 资源的完全限定名称。例如 sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance。

    • CONDITION：针对受支持的服务资源的表示法编写的 CEL 条件。此字段的长度上限为 1,000 个字符。 如需详细了解可用于针对其编写条件的资源，请参阅支持的资源。 例如 "resource.region == "us-central1""。

    • ACTION：满足 condition 时要执行的操作。 可能的值包括 ALLOW 和 DENY。

    • DISPLAY_NAME：限制条件的直观易记名称。 此字段的最大长度为 200 个字符。

    • DESCRIPTION：直观易懂的限制条件说明，在违反政策时显示为错误消息。 此字段的长度上限为 2,000 个字符。

    如需详细了解如何创建自定义限制条件，请参阅定义自定义限制条件。

    设置自定义限制条件

    为新的自定义限制条件创建 YAML 文件后，您必须对其进行设置，以使其可用于组织中的组织政策。如需设置自定义限制条件，请使用 gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint 命令： 
    gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint CONSTRAINT_PATH
     将 CONSTRAINT_PATH 替换为自定义限制条件文件的完整路径。例如 /home/user/customconstraint.yaml。完成后，您的自定义限制条件会成为 Google Cloud 组织政策列表中的组织政策。如需验证自定义限制条件是否存在，请使用 gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints 命令：
    gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID
     将 ORGANIZATION_ID 替换为您的组织资源的 ID。 如需了解详情，请参阅查看组织政策。

    强制执行自定义组织政策

    如需强制执行限制条件，您可以创建引用该限制条件的组织政策，并将该组织政策应用于 Google Cloud 资源。

    控制台

    1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往组织政策页面。

      转到组织政策

    2. 在项目选择器中，选择要设置组织政策的项目。
    3. 从组织政策页面上的列表中选择您的限制条件，以查看该限制条件的政策详情页面。
    4. 如需为该资源配置组织政策，请点击管理政策。
    5. 在修改政策页面，选择覆盖父级政策。
    6. 点击添加规则。
    7. 在强制执行部分中，选择开启还是关闭此组织政策的强制执行。
    8. （可选）如需使组织政策成为基于某个标记的条件性政策，请点击添加条件。请注意，如果您向组织政策添加条件规则，则必须至少添加一个无条件规则，否则无法保存政策。如需了解详情，请参阅设置带有标记的组织政策。
    9. 点击测试更改以模拟组织政策的效果。政策模拟不适用于旧版托管式限制。如需了解详情，请参阅使用 Policy Simulator 测试组织政策更改。
    10. 若要完成并应用组织政策，请点击设置政策。该政策最长需要 15 分钟才能生效。

    gcloud

    如需创建包含布尔值规则的组织政策，请创建引用该限制条件的 YAML 政策文件： 

          name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policies/CONSTRAINT_NAME
      spec:
        rules:
        - enforce: true

    请替换以下内容：

    • PROJECT_ID：要对其实施限制条件的项目。
    • CONSTRAINT_NAME：您为自定义限制条件定义的名称。例如，custom.region。

    如需强制执行包含限制条件的组织政策，请运行以下命令： 

        gcloud org-policies set-policy POLICY_PATH

    将 POLICY_PATH 替换为组织政策 YAML 文件的完整路径。该政策最长需要 15 分钟才能生效。

    常见用例的自定义组织政策示例

    下表列出了一些常见用例的自定义限制条件的语法：

    说明 限制条件语法
    确保实例为企业 Plus 版 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.edition
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.edition == 'ENTERPRISE_PLUS'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Instances must be Enterprise Plus.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must be Enterprise Plus.
    确保实例具备高可用性 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.availability
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.availabilityType == 'REGIONAL'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Instances must be regional.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must be highly available. To do this, make them regional.
    确保实例具有密码政策。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.enforcePassword
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.enablePasswordPolicy == true"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: The password policy must be enabled for Cloud SQL instances.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must have a password policy.
    确保实例的密码政策具有最小长度 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.passwordMinLength
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.minLength >= 6"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: The password policy must have a minimum length of six characters.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must have a password policy that has a minimum length of six characters.
    确保实例已启用密码政策复杂性。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.passwordComplexity
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.complexity == 'COMPLEXITY_DEFAULT'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: The password policy complexity must be enabled.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must have a password policy with complex passwords.
    要求仅在使用加密连接时启用 SSL 模式。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.sslMode
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.ipConfiguration.sslMode == 'ENCRYPTED_ONLY'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Only allow connections that are encrypted with SSL/TLS.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must only allow connections that are encrypted with SSL/TLS.
    阻止从互联网上的任何位置访问数据库。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.authorizedNetworks
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.ipConfiguration.authorizedNetworks.exists(network, network.value == '0.0.0.0/0')"
    actionType: DENY
    displayName: The list of authorized networks can't contain 0.0.0.0/0
    description: Authorized networks for Cloud SQL instances can't contain 0.0.0.0/0. This allows users to access the database from any IP address.
    确保创建实例时未使用外部 IP 地址 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.ipv4Enabled
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.ipConfiguration.ipv4Enabled == false"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: ipv4Enabled must be set to false.
    description: Cloud SQL instances can't have an external IP address.
    确保使用 KMS 密钥对实例进行加密。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.encrypted
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.diskEncryptionConfiguration.kmsKeyName.size() > 0"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Instances must be encrypted with a KMS key.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must be disk-encrypted with a KMS key.
    确保实例位于 us-central1 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.region
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.region == 'us-central1'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Instances must be in the us-central1 region.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must be in the us-central1 region.
    确保实例已启用数据缓存。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.dataCache
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.dataCacheConfig.dataCacheEnabled == true"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Instances must have data cache enabled.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must have data cache enabled.
    强制执行自动备份。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.enableBackups
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.backupConfiguration.enabled == true"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Automated backups must be enabled.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must have automated backups enabled.
    限制自动备份的存储位置。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.automatedBackupLocation
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.backupConfiguration.location == 'us-central1'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: The location of automated backups must be in the us-central1 region.
    description: The location of automated backups for Cloud SQL instances must be in the us-central1 region.
    将按需备份的位置限制为 us-central1 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.onDemandBackupLocation
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/BackupRun
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "condition: resource.location == 'us-central1'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: The location of on-demand backups must be in the us-central1 region.
    description: On-demand backups are restricted to the us-central1.

    Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL 支持的资源

    下表列出了您可以在自定义限制条件中引用的 Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL 资源。

    资源 字段
    sqladmin.googleapis.com/BackupRun resource.description
    resource.location
    sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance resource.databaseVersion
    resource.diskEncryptionConfiguration.kmsKeyName
    resource.diskEncryptionStatus.kmsKeyVersionName
    resource.failoverReplica.name
    resource.masterInstanceName
    resource.name
    resource.nodeCount
    resource.project
    resource.region
    resource.replicaConfiguration.cascadableReplica
    resource.replicaConfiguration.failoverTarget
    resource.settings.activationPolicy
    resource.settings.activeDirectoryConfig.domain
    resource.settings.advancedMachineFeatures.threadsPerCore
    resource.settings.availabilityType
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.backupRetentionSettings.retainedBackups
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.backupRetentionSettings.retentionUnit
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.binaryLogEnabled
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.enabled
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.location
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.pointInTimeRecoveryEnabled
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.startTime
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.transactionLogRetentionDays
    resource.settings.collation
    resource.settings.connectionPoolConfig.connectionPoolingEnabled
    resource.settings.connectionPoolConfig.flags.name
    resource.settings.connectionPoolConfig.flags.value
    resource.settings.connectorEnforcement
    resource.settings.databaseFlags.name
    resource.settings.databaseFlags.value
    resource.settings.dataCacheConfig.dataCacheEnabled
    resource.settings.dataDiskProvisionedIops
    resource.settings.dataDiskProvisionedThroughput
    resource.settings.dataDiskSizeGb
    resource.settings.dataDiskType
    resource.settings.deletionProtectionEnabled
    resource.settings.denyMaintenancePeriods.endDate
    resource.settings.denyMaintenancePeriods.startDate
    resource.settings.denyMaintenancePeriods.time
    resource.settings.edition
    resource.settings.enableDataplexIntegration
    resource.settings.enableGoogleMlIntegration
    resource.settings.insightsConfig.queryInsightsEnabled
    resource.settings.insightsConfig.queryPlansPerMinute
    resource.settings.insightsConfig.queryStringLength
    resource.settings.insightsConfig.recordApplicationTags
    resource.settings.insightsConfig.recordClientAddress
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.authorizedNetworks.name
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.authorizedNetworks.value
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.customSubjectAlternativeNames
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.enablePrivatePathForGoogleCloudServices
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.ipv4Enabled
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.privateNetwork
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.pscConfig.allowedConsumerProjects
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.pscConfig.pscAutoConnections.consumerNetwork
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.pscConfig.pscAutoConnections.consumerProject
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.pscConfig.pscEnabled
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.serverCaMode
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.serverCaPool
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.sslMode
    resource.settings.locationPreference.secondaryZone
    resource.settings.locationPreference.zone
    resource.settings.maintenanceWindow.day
    resource.settings.maintenanceWindow.hour
    resource.settings.maintenanceWindow.updateTrack
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.complexity
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.disallowUsernameSubstring
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.enablePasswordPolicy
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.minLength
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.passwordChangeInterval
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.reuseInterval
    resource.settings.replicationLagMaxSeconds
    resource.settings.retainBackupsOnDelete
    resource.settings.sqlServerAuditConfig.bucket
    resource.settings.sqlServerAuditConfig.retentionInterval
    resource.settings.sqlServerAuditConfig.uploadInterval
    resource.settings.storageAutoResize
    resource.settings.tier
    resource.settings.timeZone

    后续步骤