Project access control

MySQL   |  PostgreSQL   |  SQL Server

This page describes how you can control Cloud SQL project access and permissions using Identity and Access Management (IAM).

Note: Project access control is different than the access control provided by the database engine. For information about database access control, see MySQL Users.

Overview

Google Cloud Platform offers Identity and Access Management (IAM), which lets you give more granular access to specific Google Cloud Platform resources and prevents unwanted access to other resources. This page describes the Cloud SQL IAM roles and permissions. For a detailed description of GCP IAM, see the IAM documentation.

Cloud SQL provides a set of predefined roles designed to help you easily control access to your Cloud SQL resources. You can also create your own custom roles, if the predefined roles do not provide the sets of permissions you need. In addition, the legacy primitive roles (Editor, Viewer, and Owner) are also still available to you, although they do not provide the same fine-grained control as the Cloud SQL roles. In particular, the primitive roles provide access to resources across Google Cloud Platform, rather than just for Cloud SQL. For more information about primitive roles, see Primitive roles.

Permissions and roles

This section summarizes the permissions and roles Cloud SQL supports.

Predefined roles

Cloud SQL provides some predefined roles you can use to provide finer-grained permissions to project members. The role you grant to a project member controls what actions the member can take. Project members can be individuals, groups, or service accounts.

You can grant multiple roles to the same project member, and you can change the roles granted to a project member at any time, provided you have the permissions to do so.

The broader roles include the more narrowly defined roles. For example, the Cloud SQL Editor role includes all of the permissions of the Cloud SQL Viewer role, along with the addition permissions of the Cloud SQL Editor role. Likewise, the Cloud SQL Admin role includes all of the permissions of the Cloud SQL Editor role, along with its additional permissions.

The primitive roles (Owner, Editor, Viewer) provide permissions across Google Cloud Platform. The roles specific to Cloud SQL provide only Cloud SQL permissions, except for the following GCP permissions, which are needed for general GCP usage:

• resourcemanager.projects.get
• resourcemanager.projects.list
• serviceusage.quotas.get
• serviceusage.services.get

The following table lists the predefined roles available for Cloud SQL, along with their Cloud SQL permissions:

Role	Name	Cloud SQL permissions	Description
roles/owner	Owner	cloudsql.*	Full access and control for all Google Cloud Platform resources; manage user access
roles/writer	Editor	All cloudsql permissions except for cloudsql.*.getIamPolicy & cloudsql.*.setIamPolicy	Read-write access to all Google Cloud Platform and Cloud SQL resources (full control except for the ability to modify permissions)
roles/reader	Viewer	cloudsql.*.export cloudsql.*.get cloudsql.*.list	Read-only access to all Google Cloud Platform resources, including Cloud SQL resources
roles/cloudsql.admin	Cloud SQL Admin	cloudsql.*	Full control for all Cloud SQL resources.
roles/cloudsql.editor	Cloud SQL Editor	cloudsql.instances.addServerCa cloudsql.instances.connect cloudsql.instances.export cloudsql.instances.failover cloudsql.instances.get cloudsql.instances.list cloudsql.instances.listServerCa cloudsql.instances.restart cloudsql.instances.rotateServerCa cloudsql.instances.truncateLog cloudsql.instances.update cloudsql.databases.create cloudsql.databases.get cloudsql.databases.list cloudsql.databases.update cloudsql.backupRuns.create cloudsql.backupRuns.get cloudsql.backupRuns.list cloudsql.sslCerts.get cloudsql.sslCerts.list cloudsql.users.list	Manage specific instances. No ability to see or modify permissions, nor modify users or sslCerts. No ability to import data or restore from a backup, nor clone, delete, or promote instances. No ability to start or stop replicas. No ability to delete databases, replicas, or backups.
roles/cloudsql.viewer	Cloud SQL Viewer	cloudsql.*.export cloudsql.*.get cloudsql.*.list cloudsql.instances.listServerCa	Read-only access to all Cloud SQL resources.
roles/cloudsql.client	Cloud SQL Client	cloudsql.instances.connect cloudsql.instances.get	Connectivity access to Cloud SQL instances from App Engine and the Cloud SQL Proxy. Not required for accessing an instance using IP addresses.

Permissions and their roles

The following table lists each permission that Cloud SQL supports, the Cloud SQL roles that include it, and its legacy (primitive) role.

Permission	Cloud SQL roles	Legacy role
cloudsql.backupRuns.create	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.backupRuns.delete	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.backupRuns.get	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.backupRuns.list	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.databases.create	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.databases.delete	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.databases.get	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.databases.getIamPolicy cloudsql.databases.getIamPolicy is currently unused, and unsupported for IAM custom roles.	Cloud SQL Admin	Owner
cloudsql.databases.list	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.databases.setIamPolicy cloudsql.databases.setIamPolicy is currently unused, and unsupported for IAM custom roles.	Cloud SQL Admin	Owner
cloudsql.databases.update	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.instance.addServerCa cloudsql.instances.addServerCa is not yet supported for IAM custom roles.	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.instances.clone	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.instances.connect	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Client Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.instances.create	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.instances.delete	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.instances.demoteMaster	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.instances.export	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.instances.failover	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.instances.get	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Client Cloud SQL Editor Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.instances.getIamPolicy cloudsql.instances.getIamPolicy is currently unused, and unsupported for IAM custom roles.	Cloud SQL Admin	Owner
cloudsql.instances.import	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.instances.list	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.instance.listServerCa cloudsql.instances.listServerCa is not yet supported for IAM custom roles.	Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.instances.promoteReplica	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.instances.resetSslConfig	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.instances.restart	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.instances.restoreBackup	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.instance.rotateServerCa cloudsql.instances.rotateServerCa is not yet supported for IAM custom roles.	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.instances.setIamPolicy cloudsql.instances.setIamPolicy is currently unused, and unsupported for IAM custom roles.	Cloud SQL Admin	Owner
cloudsql.instances.startReplica	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.instances.stopReplica	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.instances.truncateLog	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.instances.update	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.sslCerts.create	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor
cloudsql.sslCerts.delete	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.sslCerts.get	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.sslCerts.list	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.users.create	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.users.delete	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor	Editor
cloudsql.users.list	Cloud SQL Admin Cloud SQL Editor Cloud SQL Viewer	Viewer
cloudsql.users.update	Cloud SQL Admin	Editor

Custom roles

If the predefined roles do not address your unique business requirements, you can define your own custom roles with permissions that you specify. To support this, IAM offers custom roles.

When you create custom roles for Cloud SQL, make sure that if you include either cloudsql.instances.list or cloudsql.instances.get, that you include them both. Otherwise, the GCP Console will not function correctly for Cloud SQL.

Required permissions for common tasks in the GCP Console

Task	Required additional permissions
Displaying the instance listing page	cloudsql.instances.list resourcemanager.projects.get
Creating an instance	cloudsql.instances.create cloudsql.instances.get cloudsql.instances.list resourcemanager.projects.get
Connecting to an instance from the Cloud Shell	cloudsql.instances.get cloudsql.instances.list cloudsql.instances.update resourcemanager.projects.get
Creating a user	cloudsql.instances.get cloudsql.instances.list cloudsql.users.create cloudsql.users.list resourcemanager.projects.get
Viewing instance information	cloudsql.instances.get cloudsql.instances.list cloudsql.users.list monitoring.timeSeries.list resourcemanager.projects.get

Required permissions for gcloud sql commands

Command	Required permissions
gcloud sql backups create	cloudsql.backupRuns.create
gcloud sql backups delete	cloudsql.backupRuns.delete
gcloud sql backups describe	cloudsql.backupRuns.get
gcloud sql backups list	cloudsql.backupRuns.list
gcloud sql backups restore	cloudsql.backupRuns.get cloudsql.instances.restoreBackup
gcloud sql connect	cloudsql.instances.get cloudsql.instances.update
gcloud sql databases create	cloudsql.databases.create
gcloud sql databases delete	cloudsql.databases.delete
gcloud sql databases describe	cloudsql.databases.get
gcloud sql databases list	cloudsql.databases.list
gcloud sql databases patch	cloudsql.databases.get cloudsql.databases.update
gcloud sql export	cloudsql.instances.export
gcloud sql flags list	None
gcloud sql import	cloudsql.instances.import
gcloud sql instances clone	cloudsql.instances.clone
gcloud sql instances create	cloudsql.instances.create
gcloud sql instances delete	cloudsql.instances.delete
gcloud sql instances describe	cloudsql.instances.get
gcloud sql instances export	cloudsql.instances.export
gcloud sql instances failover	cloudsql.instances.failover
gcloud sql instances import	cloudsql.instances.import
gcloud sql instances list	cloudsql.instances.list
gcloud sql instances patch	cloudsql.instances.get cloudsql.instances.update
gcloud sql instances promote-replica	cloudsql.instances.promoteReplica
gcloud sql instances reset-ssl-config	cloudsql.instances.resetSslConfig
gcloud sql instances restart	cloudsql.instances.restart
gcloud sql instances restore-backup	cloudsql.backupRuns.get cloudsql.instances.restoreBackup
gcloud sql operations describe	cloudsql.instances.get
gcloud sql operations list	cloudsql.instances.get
gcloud sql operations wait	cloudsql.instances.get
gcloud sql ssl client-certs create	cloudsql.sslCerts.create
gcloud sql ssl client-certs delete	cloudsql.sslCerts.delete
gcloud sql ssl client-certs describe	cloudsql.sslCerts.list
gcloud sql ssl client-certs list	cloudsql.sslCerts.list
gcloud sql tiers list	None
gcloud sql users create	cloudsql.users.create
gcloud sql users delete	cloudsql.users.delete
gcloud sql users list	cloudsql.users.list
gcloud sql users set-password	cloudsql.users.update

Required permissions for API methods

The following table lists the permissions that the caller must have to call each method in the Cloud SQL API, or to perform tasks using GCP tools that use the API (such as the Google Cloud Platform Console or the gcloud command line tool).

Note: To call a method, you must also have the required scopes as described in the method's reference page, in addition to the permissions below. For more information, see Authorizing requests with OAuth 2.0.

All permissions are applied to the project. You cannot apply different permissions based on the instance or other lower-level object.

Method	Required permissions
backupRuns.delete	cloudsql.backupRuns.delete
backupRuns.get	cloudsql.backupRuns.get
backupRuns.insert	cloudsql.backupRuns.create
backupRuns.list	cloudsql.backupRuns.list
databases.delete	cloudsql.databases.delete
databases.get	cloudsql.databases.get
databases.insert	cloudsql.databases.create
databases.list	cloudsql.databases.list
databases.patch	cloudsql.databases.update, cloudsql.databases.get
databases.update	cloudsql.databases.update
flags.list	None
instances.clone	cloudsql.instances.clone
instances.delete	cloudsql.instances.delete
instances.export	cloudsql.instances.get
instances.failover	cloudsql.instances.failover
instances.get	cloudsql.instances.export
instances.import	cloudsql.instances.import
instances.insert	cloudsql.instances.create
instances.list	cloudsql.instances.list
instances.patch	cloudsql.instances.get, cloudsql.instances.update
instances.promoteReplica	cloudsql.instances.promoteReplica
instances.resetSslConfig	cloudsql.instances.resetSslConfig
instances.restart	cloudsql.instances.restart
instances.restoreBackup	cloudsql.instances.restoreBackup, cloudsql.backupRuns.get
instances.startReplica	cloudsql.instances.startReplica
instances.stopReplica	cloudsql.instances.stopReplica
instances.truncateLog	cloudsql.instances.truncateLog
instances.update	cloudsql.instances.update
operations.get	cloudsql.instances.get
operations.list	cloudsql.instances.get
sslCerts.delete	cloudsql.sslCerts.delete
sslCerts.get	cloudsql.sslCerts.get
sslCerts.insert	cloudsql.sslCerts.create
sslCerts.list	cloudsql.sslCerts.list
users.delete	cloudsql.users.delete
users.insert	cloudsql.users.create
users.list	cloudsql.users.list
users.update	cloudsql.users.update

Managing Cloud SQL for MySQL IAM

You can get and set IAM policies and roles using the Google Cloud Platform Console, the IAM methods of the API, or the Cloud SDK. For more information, see Granting, Changing, and Revoking Access to Project Members.

What's next

• Learn how to grant and revoke access to project members.
• Learn more about IAM.
• Learn more about primitive roles.
• Learn about instance access control.
• Learn about database access control.
• Learn more about custom roles.