IAM으로 액세스 제어

이 주제에서는 Cloud KMS 리소스에 대한 액세스를 관리하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

개요

키 및 키링과 같은 Cloud KMS 리소스에 대한 액세스를 관리하려면 Identity and Access Management(IAM) 역할을 부여해야 합니다. 키 순환 또는 데이터 암호화와 같이 특정한 암호화 작업을 수행하는 기능을 부여하거나 제한할 수 있습니다. 다음에 대해 IAM 역할을 부여할 수 있습니다.

• 키(직접 역할 부여)
• 해당 키링의 모든 키로 상속되는 키링
• 프로젝트의 모든 키로 상속되는 Google Cloud 프로젝트
• 폴더 내 모든 프로젝트의 모든 키로 상속되는 Google Cloud 폴더
• 조직의 폴더에 있는 모든 키로 상속되는 Google Cloud 조직

Cloud KMS 작업과 IAM 역할 및 권한의 전체 목록은 권한 및 역할을 참조하세요. Cloud KMS 리소스의 전체 목록과 각 리소스 간의 관계는 Cloud KMS 리소스를 참조하세요.

시작하기 전에

이 작업을 완료하려면 Google Cloud 프로젝트에서 Cloud KMS 리소스를 관리할 수 있는 권한이 필요합니다. Cloud KMS 관리자 역할(roles/cloudkms.admin)에는 필요한 권한이 포함됩니다.

1. Google Cloud 계정에 로그인합니다. Google Cloud를 처음 사용하는 경우 계정을 만들고 Google 제품의 실제 성능을 평가해 보세요. 신규 고객에게는 워크로드를 실행, 테스트, 배포하는 데 사용할 수 있는 $300의 무료 크레딧이 제공됩니다.

2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

3. Google Cloud 프로젝트에 결제가 사용 설정되어 있는지 확인합니다.

4. Enable the required API.

   Enable the API

5. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

6. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

   gcloud init

7. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

8. Google Cloud 프로젝트에 결제가 사용 설정되어 있는지 확인합니다.

9. Enable the required API.

   Enable the API

10. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

11. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

    gcloud init

12. 키링과 같은 리소스를 만듭니다.
13. 키링, 키, 키 버전 등 생성된 리소스의 리소스 ID를 가져옵니다.

소유자(roles/owner) 또는 Cloud KMS 관리자(roles/cloudkms.admin) 역할을 가진 IAM 주 구성원만 Cloud KMS 리소스에 대한 액세스 권한을 부여하거나 취소할 수 있습니다.

리소스에 역할 부여

다음 예시에서는 Cloud KMS 키에 대한 액세스 권한을 제공하는 역할을 부여합니다.

gcloud

명령줄에서 Cloud KMS를 사용하려면 먼저 최신 버전의 Google Cloud CLI로 설치 또는 업그레이드하세요.

gcloud kms keys add-iam-policy-binding key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location \
    --member principal-type:principal-email \
    --role roles/role

key를 키 이름으로 바꿉니다. key-ring을 키가 배치된 키링의 이름으로 바꿉니다. location을 키링의 Cloud KMS 위치로 바꿉니다. principal-type 및 principal-email을 주 구성원 유형과 주 구성원의 이메일 주소로 바꿉니다. role을 추가할 역할의 이름으로 바꿉니다.

C#

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 C# 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS C# SDK를 설치합니다.

using Google.Cloud.Iam.V1;
using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;

public class IamAddMemberSample
{
    public Policy IamAddMember(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key",
      string member = "user:[e-mail]")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the resource name.
        CryptoKeyName resourceName = new CryptoKeyName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

        // The resource name could also be a key ring.
        // var resourceName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Get the current IAM policy.
        Policy policy = client.IAMPolicyClient.GetIamPolicy(
            new GetIamPolicyRequest
            { 
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName
            });

        // Add the member to the policy.
        policy.AddRoleMember("roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter", member);

        // Save the updated IAM policy.
        Policy result = client.IAMPolicyClient.SetIamPolicy(
            new SetIamPolicyRequest
            {
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName,
                Policy = policy
            });

        // Return the resulting policy.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Go 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Go SDK를 설치합니다.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
)

// iamAddMember adds a new IAM member to the Cloud KMS key
func iamAddMember(w io.Writer, name, member string) error {
	// NOTE: The resource name can be either a key or a key ring. If IAM
	// permissions are granted on the key ring, the permissions apply to all keys
	// in the key ring.
	//
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key"
	// member := "user:[e-mail]"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Get the current IAM policy.
	handle := client.ResourceIAM(name)
	policy, err := handle.Policy(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get IAM policy: %w", err)
	}

	// Grant the member permissions. This example grants permission to use the key
	// to encrypt data.
	policy.Add(member, "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter")
	if err := handle.SetPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save policy: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updated IAM policy for %s\n", name)
	return nil
}

Java

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 자바 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS 자바 SDK를 설치합니다.

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.iam.v1.Binding;
import com.google.iam.v1.Policy;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IamAddMember {

  public void iamAddMember() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    String member = "user:[e-mail]";
    iamAddMember(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, member);
  }

  // Add the given IAM member to the key.
  public void iamAddMember(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId, String member)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyName resourceName = CryptoKeyName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

      // The resource name could also be a key ring.
      // KeyRingName resourceName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Get the current policy.
      Policy policy = client.getIamPolicy(resourceName);

      // Create a new IAM binding for the member and role.
      Binding binding =
          Binding.newBuilder()
              .setRole("roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter")
              .addMembers(member)
              .build();

      // Add the binding to the policy.
      Policy newPolicy = policy.toBuilder().addBindings(binding).build();

      client.setIamPolicy(resourceName, newPolicy);
      System.out.printf("Updated IAM policy for %s%n", resourceName.toString());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Node.js 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK를 설치합니다.

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';
// const member = 'user:[e-mail]';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the resource name
const resourceName = client.cryptoKeyPath(
  projectId,
  locationId,
  keyRingId,
  keyId
);

// The resource name could also be a key ring.
// const resourceName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function iamAddMember() {
  // Get the current IAM policy.
  const [policy] = await client.getIamPolicy({
    resource: resourceName,
  });

  // Add the member to the policy.
  policy.bindings.push({
    role: 'roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter',
    members: [member],
  });

  // Save the updated policy.
  const [updatedPolicy] = await client.setIamPolicy({
    resource: resourceName,
    policy: policy,
  });

  console.log('Updated policy');
  return updatedPolicy;
}

return iamAddMember();

PHP

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Google Cloud에서 PHP 사용에 관해 알아보고 Cloud KMS PHP SDK 설치하세요.

use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\Binding;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\GetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\SetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;

function iam_add_member(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key',
    string $member = 'user:[e-mail]'
) {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the resource name.
    $resourceName = $client->cryptoKeyName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId);

    // The resource name could also be a key ring.
    // $resourceName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Get the current IAM policy.
    $getIamPolicyRequest = (new GetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resourceName);
    $policy = $client->getIamPolicy($getIamPolicyRequest);

    // Add the member to the policy.
    $bindings = $policy->getBindings();
    $bindings[] = (new Binding())
        ->setRole('roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter')
        ->setMembers([$member]);
    $policy->setBindings($bindings);

    // Save the updated IAM policy.
    $setIamPolicyRequest = (new SetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resourceName)
        ->setPolicy($policy);
    $updatedPolicy = $client->setIamPolicy($setIamPolicyRequest);
    printf('Added %s' . PHP_EOL, $member);

    return $updatedPolicy;
}

Python

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Python 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Python SDK를 설치합니다.

from google.cloud import kms
from google.iam.v1 import policy_pb2 as iam_policy


def iam_add_member(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str, member: str
) -> iam_policy.Policy:
    """
    Add an IAM member to a resource.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').
        member (string): Member to add (e.g. 'user:[e-mail]')

    Returns:
        Policy: Updated Cloud IAM policy.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the resource name.
    resource_name = client.crypto_key_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id)

    # The resource name could also be a key ring.
    # resource_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id);

    # Get the current policy.
    policy = client.get_iam_policy(request={"resource": resource_name})

    # Add the member to the policy.
    policy.bindings.add(
        role="roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter", members=[member]
    )

    # Save the updated IAM policy.
    request = {"resource": resource_name, "policy": policy}

    updated_policy = client.set_iam_policy(request=request)
    print(f"Added {member} to {resource_name}")
    return updated_policy

Ruby

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Ruby 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK를 설치합니다.

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"
# member      = "user:[e-mail]"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the resource name.
resource_name = client.crypto_key_path project:    project_id,
                                       location:   location_id,
                                       key_ring:   key_ring_id,
                                       crypto_key: key_id

# The resource name could also be a key ring.
# resource_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Create the IAM client.
iam_client = Google::Cloud::Kms::V1::IAMPolicy::Client.new

# Get the current IAM policy.
policy = iam_client.get_iam_policy resource: resource_name

# Add the member to the policy.
policy.bindings << Google::Iam::V1::Binding.new(
  members: [member],
  role:    "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter"
)

# Save the updated policy.
updated_policy = iam_client.set_iam_policy resource: resource_name, policy: policy
puts "Added #{member}"

리소스에 대한 액세스 권한 취소

Cloud KMS 키에 대한 주 구성원의 액세스 권한을 삭제하려면 다음 안내를 따르세요.

gcloud

명령줄에서 Cloud KMS를 사용하려면 먼저 최신 버전의 Google Cloud CLI로 설치 또는 업그레이드하세요.

gcloud kms keys remove-iam-policy-binding key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location \
    --member principal-type:principal-email \
    --role roles/role-name

key를 키 이름으로 바꿉니다. key-ring을 키가 배치된 키링의 이름으로 바꿉니다. location을 키링의 Cloud KMS 위치로 바꿉니다. principal-type 및 principal-email을 주 구성원 유형과 주 구성원의 이메일 주소로 바꿉니다. role-name을 삭제할 역할의 이름으로 바꿉니다.

모든 플래그 및 가능한 값에 대한 정보를 보려면 --help 플래그와 함께 명령어를 실행하세요.

C#

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 C# 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS C# SDK를 설치합니다.

using Google.Cloud.Iam.V1;
using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;

public class IamRemoveMemberSample
{
    public Policy IamRemoveMember(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key",
      string member = "user:[e-mail]")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the resource name.
        CryptoKeyName resourceName = new CryptoKeyName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

        // The resource name could also be a key ring.
        // var resourceName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Get the current IAM policy.
        Policy policy = client.IAMPolicyClient.GetIamPolicy(
            new GetIamPolicyRequest
            {
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName
            });

        // Add the member to the policy.
        policy.RemoveRoleMember("roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter", member);

        // Save the updated IAM policy.
        Policy result = client.IAMPolicyClient.SetIamPolicy(
            new SetIamPolicyRequest
            {
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName,
                Policy = policy
            });

        // Return the resulting policy.
        return result;
    }
}

Go

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Go 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Go SDK를 설치합니다.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
)

// iamRemoveMember removes the IAM member from the Cloud KMS key, if they exist.
func iamRemoveMember(w io.Writer, name, member string) error {
	// NOTE: The resource name can be either a key or a key ring.
	//
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key"
	// member := "user:[e-mail]"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Get the current IAM policy.
	handle := client.ResourceIAM(name)
	policy, err := handle.Policy(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get IAM policy: %w", err)
	}

	// Grant the member permissions. This example grants permission to use the key
	// to encrypt data.
	policy.Remove(member, "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter")
	if err := handle.SetPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save policy: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updated IAM policy for %s\n", name)
	return nil
}

Java

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 자바 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS 자바 SDK를 설치합니다.

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.iam.v1.Binding;
import com.google.iam.v1.Policy;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IamRemoveMember {

  public void iamRemoveMember() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    String member = "user:[e-mail]";
    iamRemoveMember(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId, member);
  }

  // Remove the given IAM membership on the resource, if it exists.
  public void iamRemoveMember(
      String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId, String member)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyName resourceName = CryptoKeyName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

      // The resource name could also be a key ring.
      // KeyRingName resourceName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Get the current policy.
      Policy policy = client.getIamPolicy(resourceName);

      // Search through the bindings and remove matches.
      String roleToFind = "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter";
      for (Binding binding : policy.getBindingsList()) {
        if (binding.getRole().equals(roleToFind) && binding.getMembersList().contains(member)) {
          binding.getMembersList().remove(member);
        }
      }

      client.setIamPolicy(resourceName, policy);
      System.out.printf("Updated IAM policy for %s%n", resourceName.toString());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Node.js 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK를 설치합니다.

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';
// const member = 'user:[e-mail]';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the resource name
const resourceName = client.cryptoKeyPath(
  projectId,
  locationId,
  keyRingId,
  keyId
);

// The resource name could also be a key ring.
// const resourceName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function iamRemoveMember() {
  // Get the current IAM policy.
  const [policy] = await client.getIamPolicy({
    resource: resourceName,
  });

  // Build a new list of policy bindings with the user excluded.
  for (const i in policy.bindings) {
    const binding = policy.bindings[i];
    if (binding.role !== 'roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter') {
      continue;
    }

    const idx = binding.members.indexOf(member);
    if (idx !== -1) {
      binding.members.splice(idx, 1);
    }
  }

  // Save the updated IAM policy.
  const [updatedPolicy] = await client.setIamPolicy({
    resource: resourceName,
    policy: policy,
  });

  console.log('Updated policy');
  return updatedPolicy;
}

return iamRemoveMember();

PHP

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Google Cloud에서 PHP 사용에 관해 알아보고 Cloud KMS PHP SDK 설치하세요.

use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\Binding;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\GetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\Policy;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\SetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;

function iam_remove_member(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key',
    string $member = 'user:[e-mail]'
): Policy {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the resource name.
    $resourceName = $client->cryptoKeyName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId);

    // The resource name could also be a key ring.
    // $resourceName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Get the current IAM policy.
    $getIamPolicyRequest = (new GetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resourceName);
    $policy = $client->getIamPolicy($getIamPolicyRequest);

    // Remove the member from the policy by creating a new policy with everyone
    // but the member to remove.
    $newPolicy = new Policy();
    foreach ($policy->getBindings() as $binding) {
        if ($binding->getRole() !== 'roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter') {
            $newPolicy->getBindings()[] = $binding;
        } else {
            $newBinding = (new Binding())
              ->setRole($binding->getRole());

            $newMembers = [];
            foreach ($binding->getMembers() as $existingMember) {
                if ($member !== $existingMember) {
                    $newMembers[] = $existingMember;
                }
            }

            $newPolicy->getBindings()[] = (new Binding())
              ->setRole($binding->getRole())
              ->setMembers($newMembers);
        }
    }

    // Save the updated IAM policy.
    $setIamPolicyRequest = (new SetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resourceName)
        ->setPolicy($newPolicy);
    $updatedPolicy = $client->setIamPolicy($setIamPolicyRequest);
    printf('Removed %s' . PHP_EOL, $member);

    return $updatedPolicy;
}

Python

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Python 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Python SDK를 설치합니다.

from google.cloud import kms
from google.iam.v1 import policy_pb2 as iam_policy


def iam_remove_member(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str, member: str
) -> iam_policy.Policy:
    """
    Remove an IAM member from a resource.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').
        member (string): Member to remove (e.g. 'user:[e-mail]')

    Returns:
        Policy: Updated Cloud IAM policy.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the resource name.
    resource_name = client.crypto_key_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id)

    # The resource name could also be a key ring.
    # resource_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id);

    # Get the current policy.
    policy = client.get_iam_policy(request={"resource": resource_name})

    # Remove the member from the policy.
    for binding in policy.bindings:
        if binding.role == "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter":
            if member in binding.members:
                binding.members.remove(member)

    # Save the updated IAM policy.
    request = {"resource": resource_name, "policy": policy}
    updated_policy = client.set_iam_policy(request=request)
    print(f"Removed {member} from {resource_name}")
    return updated_policy

Ruby

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Ruby 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK를 설치합니다.

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"
# member      = "user:[e-mail]"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the resource name.
resource_name = client.crypto_key_path project:    project_id,
                                       location:   location_id,
                                       key_ring:   key_ring_id,
                                       crypto_key: key_id

# The resource name could also be a key ring.
# resource_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Create the IAM client.
iam_client = Google::Cloud::Kms::V1::IAMPolicy::Client.new

# Get the current IAM policy.
policy = iam_client.get_iam_policy resource: resource_name

# Remove the member from the current bindings
policy.bindings.each do |bind|
  if bind.role == "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter"
    bind.members.delete member
  end
end

# Save the updated policy.
updated_policy = iam_client.set_iam_policy resource: resource_name, policy: policy
puts "Removed #{member}"

리소스에 대한 권한 보기

Cloud KMS 키의 IAM 정책을 보려면 다음 안내를 따르세요.

gcloud

명령줄에서 Cloud KMS를 사용하려면 먼저 최신 버전의 Google Cloud CLI로 설치 또는 업그레이드하세요.

gcloud kms keys get-iam-policy key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location

key를 키 이름으로 바꿉니다. key-ring을 키가 배치된 키링의 이름으로 바꿉니다. location을 키링의 Cloud KMS 위치로 바꿉니다.

모든 플래그 및 가능한 값에 대한 정보를 보려면 --help 플래그와 함께 명령어를 실행하세요.

C#

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 C# 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS C# SDK를 설치합니다.

using Google.Cloud.Iam.V1;
using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;
using System;

public class IamGetPolicySample
{
    public Policy IamGetPolicy(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the resource name.
        CryptoKeyName resourceName = new CryptoKeyName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

        // The resource name could also be a key ring.
        // var resourceName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Get the current IAM policy.
        Policy policy = client.IAMPolicyClient.GetIamPolicy(
            new GetIamPolicyRequest
            {
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName
            });

        // Print the policy.
        foreach (Binding b in policy.Bindings)
        {
            String role = b.Role;

            foreach (String member in b.Members)
            {
                // ...
            }
        }

        // Return the policy.
        return policy;
    }
}

Go

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Go 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Go SDK를 설치합니다.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
)

// iamGetPolicy retrieves and prints the Cloud IAM policy associated with the
// Cloud KMS key.
func iamGetPolicy(w io.Writer, name string) error {
	// NOTE: The resource name can be either a key or a key ring.
	//
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key"
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Get the current policy.
	policy, err := client.ResourceIAM(name).Policy(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get IAM policy: %w", err)
	}

	// Print the policy members.
	for _, role := range policy.Roles() {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", role)
		for _, member := range policy.Members(role) {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "- %s\n", member)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n")
	}
	return nil
}

Java

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 자바 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS 자바 SDK를 설치합니다.

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.iam.v1.Binding;
import com.google.iam.v1.Policy;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IamGetPolicy {

  public void iamGetPolicy() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String locationId = "us-east1";
    String keyRingId = "my-key-ring";
    String keyId = "my-key";
    iamGetPolicy(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);
  }

  // Get the IAM policy for the given key.
  public void iamGetPolicy(String projectId, String locationId, String keyRingId, String keyId)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
    // needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
    // completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the key version name from the project, location, key ring, key,
      // and key version.
      CryptoKeyName resourceName = CryptoKeyName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

      // The resource name could also be a key ring.
      // KeyRingName resourceName = KeyRingName.of(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

      // Get the current policy.
      Policy policy = client.getIamPolicy(resourceName);

      // Print the policy.
      System.out.printf("IAM policy:%n");
      for (Binding binding : policy.getBindingsList()) {
        System.out.printf("%s%n", binding.getRole());
        for (String member : binding.getMembersList()) {
          System.out.printf("- %s%n", member);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Node.js

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Node.js 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Node.js SDK를 설치합니다.

//
// TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
//
// const projectId = 'my-project';
// const locationId = 'us-east1';
// const keyRingId = 'my-key-ring';
// const keyId = 'my-key';
// const member = 'user:[e-mail]';

// Imports the Cloud KMS library
const {KeyManagementServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/kms');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

// Build the resource name
const resourceName = client.cryptoKeyPath(
  projectId,
  locationId,
  keyRingId,
  keyId
);

// The resource name could also be a key ring.
// const resourceName = client.keyRingPath(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

async function iamGetPolicy() {
  const [policy] = await client.getIamPolicy({
    resource: resourceName,
  });

  for (const binding of policy.bindings) {
    console.log(`Role: ${binding.role}`);
    for (const member of binding.members) {
      console.log(`  - ${member}`);
    }
  }

  return policy;
}

return iamGetPolicy();

PHP

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Google Cloud에서 PHP 사용에 관해 알아보고 Cloud KMS PHP SDK 설치하세요.

use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\GetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Kms\V1\Client\KeyManagementServiceClient;

function iam_get_policy(
    string $projectId = 'my-project',
    string $locationId = 'us-east1',
    string $keyRingId = 'my-key-ring',
    string $keyId = 'my-key'
) {
    // Create the Cloud KMS client.
    $client = new KeyManagementServiceClient();

    // Build the resource name.
    $resourceName = $client->cryptoKeyName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId, $keyId);

    // The resource name could also be a key ring.
    // $resourceName = $client->keyRingName($projectId, $locationId, $keyRingId);

    // Get the current IAM policy.
    $getIamPolicyRequest = (new GetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resourceName);
    $policy = $client->getIamPolicy($getIamPolicyRequest);

    // Print the policy.
    printf('IAM policy for %s' . PHP_EOL, $resourceName);
    foreach ($policy->getBindings() as $binding) {
        printf('%s' . PHP_EOL, $binding->getRole());

        foreach ($binding->getMembers() as $member) {
            printf('- %s' . PHP_EOL, $member);
        }
    }

    return $policy;
}

Python

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Python 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Python SDK를 설치합니다.

from google.cloud import kms
from google.iam.v1 import policy_pb2 as iam_policy


def iam_get_policy(
    project_id: str, location_id: str, key_ring_id: str, key_id: str
) -> iam_policy.Policy:
    """
    Get the IAM policy for a resource.

    Args:
        project_id (string): Google Cloud project ID (e.g. 'my-project').
        location_id (string): Cloud KMS location (e.g. 'us-east1').
        key_ring_id (string): ID of the Cloud KMS key ring (e.g. 'my-key-ring').
        key_id (string): ID of the key to use (e.g. 'my-key').

    Returns:
        Policy: Cloud IAM policy.

    """

    # Create the client.
    client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()

    # Build the resource name.
    resource_name = client.crypto_key_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id)

    # The resource name could also be a key ring.
    # resource_name = client.key_ring_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id);

    # Get the current policy.
    policy = client.get_iam_policy(request={"resource": resource_name})

    # Print the policy
    print(f"IAM policy for {resource_name}")
    for binding in policy.bindings:
        print(binding.role)
        for member in binding.members:
            print(f"- {member}")

    return policy

Ruby

이 코드를 실행하려면 먼저 Ruby 개발 환경을 설정하고 Cloud KMS Ruby SDK를 설치합니다.

# TODO(developer): uncomment these values before running the sample.
# project_id  = "my-project"
# location_id = "us-east1"
# key_ring_id = "my-key-ring"
# key_id      = "my-key"

# Require the library.
require "google/cloud/kms"

# Create the client.
client = Google::Cloud::Kms.key_management_service

# Build the resource name.
resource_name = client.crypto_key_path project:    project_id,
                                       location:   location_id,
                                       key_ring:   key_ring_id,
                                       crypto_key: key_id

# The resource name could also be a key ring.
# resource_name = client.key_ring_path project: project_id, location: location_id, key_ring: key_ring_id

# Create the IAM client.
iam_client = Google::Cloud::Kms::V1::IAMPolicy::Client.new

# Get the current IAM policy.
policy = iam_client.get_iam_policy resource: resource_name

# Print the policy.
puts "Policy for #{resource_name}"
policy.bindings.each do |bind|
  puts bind.role
  bind.members.each do |member|
    puts "- #{member}"
  end
end

최소 권한의 원칙

최소 권한 원칙을 실행하려면 리소스 계층 구조에서 가장 낮은 객체에 가장 제한된 권한 집합을 부여합니다.

• 복호화 권한은 없이 데이터 암호화 권한을 주 구성원에게 부여하려면 키에 대한 roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypter 역할을 부여합니다.

• 데이터 암호화 및 복호화 권한을 주 구성원에게 부여하려면 키에 대한 roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter 역할을 부여합니다.

• 데이터를 확인할 수 있지만 서명할 수 없는 권한을 주 구성원에게 부여하려면 키에 대한 roles/cloudkms.publicKeyViewer 역할을 부여합니다.

• 데이터 서명 및 확인 권한을 주 구성원에게 부여하려면 키에 대한 roles/cloudkms.signerVerifier 역할을 부여합니다.

• 키 관리 권한을 주 구성원에게 부여하려면 키에 대한 roles/cloudkms.admin 역할을 부여합니다.

이외에도 여러 가지가 있습니다. 권한 및 역할의 전체 목록은 Cloud KMS 권한 및 역할을 참조하세요.

계층 구조 및 상속

정책 결합은 프로젝트, 키링, 키, 가져오기 작업, 기타 Cloud KMS 리소스에서 지정할 수 있습니다.

키는 키링에 속하고 키링은 프로젝트에 속하므로 이 계층 구조보다 더 높은 수준의 특정 역할 또는 권한이 있는 주 구성원은 하위 리소스에 대해 동일한 권한을 상속합니다. 즉, 프로젝트에서 owner 역할을 가진 사용자는 이 프로젝트의 모든 키링 및 키에 대해서도 owner 역할을 가집니다. 마찬가지로, 키링에 대한 cloudkms.admin 역할을 부여받은 사용자는 이 키링의 모든 키에 대한 관련 권한을 가집니다.

반대는 사실이 아닙니다. 즉, 키에 대한 권한은 있지만 상위 키링에 대한 권한이 없는 사용자는 해당 키링에 대한 권한이 없습니다.

참고: 키링 또는 키에 대한 권한만 있고 프로젝트 자체에 대한 권한이 없는 사용자는 Google Cloud 콘솔에서 키 리소스를 관리할 수 없습니다. Google Cloud 콘솔을 사용할 수 있도록 설정하려면 보안 요구사항에 따라 사용자에게 프로젝트에 대한 browser 역할을 부여하는 것이 한 가지 방법이 될 수도 있습니다.

다음 단계

• Cloud KMS의 권한 및 역할 자세히 알아보기
• 키 만들기
• 데이터 암호화 및 복호화