Last Updated: 2/26/2026
Vibe coding is a software development practice making app building more accessible, especially for those with limited programming experience. It marks the end of an era where software development required years of technical training, turning millions of non-coders into creators who can build and launch applications in seconds.
The term, coined by AI researcher Andrej Karpathy in early 2025, describes a workflow where the primary role shifts from writing code line-by-line to guiding an AI assistant to generate, refine, and debug an application through a more conversational process. This frees you up to think about the big picture, or the main goal of your app, while the AI handles writing the actual code.
"Pure" vibe coding: In its most exploratory form, a user might fully trust the AI's output to work as intended. As Karpathy framed it, this is akin to "forgetting that the code even exists," making it best suited for rapid ideation or what he called "throwaway weekend projects," where speed is the primary goal.
Responsible AI-assisted development: This is the practical and professional application of the concept. In this model, AI tools act as a powerful collaborator or "pair programmer." The user guides the AI but then reviews, tests, and understands the code it generates, taking full ownership of the final product.
This is the tight, conversational loop you use to create and perfect a specific piece of code.
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Vibe coding doesn't stop at code generation. Vibe deploying is the ability to launch your application to a live, production-grade environment (like Cloud Run) with a single click or prompt. This removes the "DevOps bottleneck," allowing you to test your ideas with real users immediately.
Vibe coding operates on two levels: the low-level iterative loop of refining code, and the high-level lifecycle of building and deploying a full application.
This is the broader process of taking a high-level idea from concept to a deployed application.
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With traditional programming, you focus on the details of implementation, manually writing the specific commands, keywords, and punctuation a language requires. Vibe coding lets you focus on the desired outcome instead, describing your goal in plain language, like "create a user login form," while the AI handles the actual code.
Here’s a comparison:
Feature | Traditional programming | Vibe coding |
Code Creation | Manual coding line by line | AI-generated from natural language prompts |
Developer or user role | Architect, implementer, debugger | Prompter, guide, tester, refiner |
Coding expertise required | Higher (knowledge of programming languages and syntax) | Lower (understanding of the desired functionality) |
Primary input | Precise code | Natural language prompts and feedback |
Development speed | Generally slower, methodical | Potentially faster, particularly for prototyping simpler tasks |
Error handling | Manual debugging based on code comprehension | Refinement through conversational feedback |
Learning curve | Often steep | Potentially lower barrier to entry |
Code maintainability | Relies on code quality, developer skill, and established practices | Can depend heavily on AI output quality and user review |
Feature
Traditional programming
Vibe coding
Code Creation
Manual coding line by line
AI-generated from natural language prompts
Developer or user role
Architect, implementer, debugger
Prompter, guide, tester, refiner
Coding expertise required
Higher (knowledge of programming languages and syntax)
Lower (understanding of the desired functionality)
Primary input
Precise code
Natural language prompts and feedback
Development speed
Generally slower, methodical
Potentially faster, particularly for prototyping simpler tasks
Error handling
Manual debugging based on code comprehension
Refinement through conversational feedback
Learning curve
Often steep
Potentially lower barrier to entry
Code maintainability
Relies on code quality, developer skill, and established practices
Can depend heavily on AI output quality and user review
Google Cloud offers several tools for vibe coding. Choosing which tool you use should depend on your goal, and not necessarily your job title. A developer might use AI Studio for a quick prototype, an enthusiast might build a full application in Firebase Studio, and a data scientist might use Gemini CLI to write a script.
After you finish prototyping, your deployment path depends on the tool you select. You can continue to iterate by editing the source code directly or by returning to your vibe coding environment to provide more instructions.
Use this guide to find the best tool for the task at hand.
Tool | Starting point | Skill level | Coding approach | Key feature |
An idea you want to see, fast. | Beginner. No coding experience needed. | No-Code / Low-Code | Single-prompt app generation with zero-friction deployment. | |
A new, full-stack application. | Beginner to intermediate. You can start with no code, but experience helps with customization. | Low-Code / No-Code | Full-stack generation with an integrated Firebase backend. Easily add a database, user authentication, and more. | |
An existing project or file. | Intermediate to advanced. Designed for users with professional coding experience. | Low-Code / AI-assisted | In-editor assistance. It generates, explains, and tests code directly within your existing IDE workflow | |
Terminal based development | Intermediate to advanced | Low-Code/AI-assisted | Open-source agent for terminal-first "vibe" workflows | |
A complex engineering task or mission. | Beginner to advanced | Agent-first / Autonomous | Mission Control for orchestrating autonomous agents across the editor, terminal, and browser. | |
Building custom, autonomous agents from scratch. | Advanced / Expert | Code-first / Agentic | Open-source Python/Java framework for building and evaluating production-ready multi-agent systems. |
Tool
Starting point
Skill level
Coding approach
Key feature
An idea you want to see, fast.
Beginner. No coding experience needed.
No-Code / Low-Code
Single-prompt app generation with zero-friction deployment.
A new, full-stack application.
Beginner to intermediate. You can start with no code, but experience helps with customization.
Low-Code / No-Code
Full-stack generation with an integrated Firebase backend. Easily add a database, user authentication, and more.
An existing project or file.
Intermediate to advanced. Designed for users with professional coding experience.
Low-Code / AI-assisted
In-editor assistance. It generates, explains, and tests code directly within your existing IDE workflow
Terminal based development
Intermediate to advanced
Low-Code/AI-assisted
Open-source agent for terminal-first "vibe" workflows
A complex engineering task or mission.
Beginner to advanced
Agent-first / Autonomous
Mission Control for orchestrating autonomous agents across the editor, terminal, and browser.
Building custom, autonomous agents from scratch.
Advanced / Expert
Code-first / Agentic
Open-source Python/Java framework for building and evaluating production-ready multi-agent systems.
AI Studio is the quickest way to go from an idea to a live, shareable web app, often with a single prompt. It's perfect for rapid prototyping and building simple, generative AI applications.
To get started, go to Build in AI Studio. In the main prompt area, simply describe the application you want to create. Start with a fun, creative idea, and then simply run the prompt. Once you run the prompt, you’ll see AI Studio generate the necessary code and files, with a live preview of your app appearing on the right-hand side.
Example prompt: "Create a 'startup name generator' app. It needs a text box where I can enter an industry, and a button. When I click the button, it shows a list of 10 creative names." |
Example prompt: "Create a 'startup name generator' app. It needs a text box where I can enter an industry, and a button. When I click the button, it shows a list of 10 creative names."
Now that you have a live preview, you can use the chat interface to refine its look and functionality with follow-up prompts. You could add features, change visual elements, and more.
Example prompt: "Make the background a dark gray and use a bright green for the title and button to give it a 'techy' feel." |
Example prompt: "Make the background a dark gray and use a bright green for the title and button to give it a 'techy' feel."
Once you’re happy with the result, you can deploy to Cloud Run. AI Studio now automatically provisions a database and publishes your app to a public URL. This allows your app to handle persistent data (like user profiles or industry lists) without any manual infrastructure setup.
Key features:
Firebase Studio is a powerful, web-based environment for building production-ready applications, especially those that need a robust backend with features like user authentication or a database.
To get started, open Firebase Studio and describe the complete application you want to build in the prompt area. You can describe a robust, multi-page application from the very beginning.
Example prompt: Create a simple recipe-sharing application. It needs user accounts so people can sign up and log in. Once logged in, a user should be able to submit a new recipe with a title, ingredients, and instructions. All the submitted recipes should be displayed on the homepage. |
Example prompt: Create a simple recipe-sharing application. It needs user accounts so people can sign up and log in. Once logged in, a user should be able to submit a new recipe with a title, ingredients, and instructions. All the submitted recipes should be displayed on the homepage.
After submitting your initial prompt, Firebase Studio generates an app blueprint for you to review. This blueprint is a detailed plan outlining the features, style guidelines, and technology stack the AI intends to use.
Here, you can provide feedback to refine the blueprint, ensuring the initial code generation is closer to what you have in mind. Making changes to the plan at this stage is much easier than editing the final code, helping you get to your desired state faster.
Example prompt: This blueprint looks great, but let's remove the 'AI Meal Planner' feature for now and add a 'Favorites' button to the recipe display. |
Example prompt: This blueprint looks great, but let's remove the 'AI Meal Planner' feature for now and add a 'Favorites' button to the recipe display.
When you're happy with the blueprint, go ahead and click the "Prototype this App" button. Firebase Studio will then generate a working prototype based on your approved plan. After a moment, a live, interactive preview of your new app will appear.
With your interactive prototype running in the preview panel, you can continue the conversation to make edits. For example, ask for visual changes, add or change features, or even introduce new logic to your application.
Example prompt: Let's make that heart icon functional. When a signed-in user clicks on it, save the recipe to a 'favorites' list in their user profile in the database. Also, create a new 'My Favorites' page that only displays the recipes that the current user has saved. |
Example prompt: Let's make that heart icon functional. When a signed-in user clicks on it, save the recipe to a 'favorites' list in their user profile in the database. Also, create a new 'My Favorites' page that only displays the recipes that the current user has saved.
When your application is ready, you can deploy it directly from the environment. To do so, simply click "Publish" in the top right-hand corner. Firebase Studio handles the entire deployment process, publishing your app to a public URL using Cloud Run. Because it's built for production, your application is ready to scale and handle traffic from day one.
Gemini Code Assist acts as an AI pair programmer directly within your existing code editor (like VS Code or JetBrains). It’s best used for helping professional developers work faster and more efficiently directly in their IDE, and on existing projects.
To get started, open a project file in your IDE. Instead of writing code manually, you can use the Gemini chat window or an in-line prompt to describe the function or code block you need. The AI will generate the code and insert it directly into your file.
Example prompt: "Write a Python function that takes a filename as input. It should use the pandas library to read a CSV file and return a list of all the values from the 'email' column." |
Example prompt: "Write a Python function that takes a filename as input. It should use the pandas library to read a CSV file and return a list of all the values from the 'email' column."
Highlight the code you just created (or any block of existing code) and use follow-up prompts to modify or improve it. This is perfect for adding new features, adding error handling, improving performance, or changing logic without having to manually refactor.
Example prompts: "That function is useful. Now, modify it to accept an optional 'domain_filter' parameter. If a domain is provided, the function should only return email addresses that match that specific domain."
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Example prompts: "That function is useful. Now, modify it to accept an optional 'domain_filter' parameter. If a domain is provided, the function should only return email addresses that match that specific domain."
To ensure your code is production-quality, you can ask Gemini to generate unit tests. This automates a crucial but often time-consuming part of app development.
Example prompt: "Write unit tests for this function using pytest. I need one test for the successful case that returns all emails, another test that filters for a specific domain, and a third test to handle a FileNotFoundError." |
Example prompt: "Write unit tests for this function using pytest. I need one test for the successful case that returns all emails, another test that filters for a specific domain, and a third test to handle a FileNotFoundError."
Gemini CLI is an open-source AI agent that brings Gemini directly into your terminal. It’s designed for developers who want a terminal-first vibe coding experience.
After installing the agent in your terminal, you can launch Gemini CLI in any directory by typing gemini. It can automatically analyze your local files to understand the project context.
Expert tip: Create a GEMINI.md file in your project root. This file acts as "long-term memory," providing specific instructions, coding standards, and project goals that the AI follows at all times. |
Expert tip: Create a GEMINI.md file in your project root. This file acts as "long-term memory," providing specific instructions, coding standards, and project goals that the AI follows at all times.
Gemini CLI supports the model context protocol (MCP), which allows the AI to connect to external tools and data sources.
You can toggle "shell mode" within Gemini CLI to run terminal commands directly. This allows you to ask the AI to "Fix the error in my last build," and the AI can execute the fix and re-run the build command for you.
Vibe coding with Google Antigravity shifts the focus from writing syntax to directing a mission. Instead of micro-managing lines of code, you guide autonomous agents that handle the heavy lifting across your editor, terminal, and browser.
Launch the Antigravity application. Note that for enterprise users, Antigravity is supported via the Google AI Ultra for Business add-on, granting higher usage limits and prioritized traffic for mission-critical tasks. You can choose to import existing settings from VS Code or start fresh to explore the agent-native interface.
In the Agent Manager, you'll select your primary model, such as Gemini 3 Pro, and configure your Review Policy.
For a true "vibe" experience, many developers set terminal execution to auto, which allows the agent to run routine commands like npm install or git status without stopping to ask for permission every time.
In the Agent Panel, describe what you want to build using natural language. For example, you might say, "Build a responsive personal finance dashboard using Next.js and Tailwind CSS."
Antigravity doesn't just start typing; it begins by analyzing your request and proposing a task checklist. This checklist outlines the entire project lifecycle, from scaffolding the file structure to final UI polish.
Before any code is committed, the agent generates an Implementation Plan (usually as an implementation_plan.md artifact). This document serves as a technical blueprint, detailing exactly which files will be created or modified and what logic will be used.
You can review this plan, leave comments or "vibes" on specific sections, like asking for a different color palette or a specific state management library, and the agent will adjust its strategy before proceeding.
Once you approve the plan, the agent moves into the execution phase.
You can watch as it opens the terminal to install dependencies, creates component files in the editor, and fixes its own linting errors in real-time. If you hit a roadblock or want to pivot, you can switch between Planning Mode (for complex architecture) and Fast Mode (for quick edits) to keep the momentum going.
Antigravity moves beyond text-based logs by providing visual proof of its work. If your project includes a frontend, the agent can launch a Browser Sub-Agent to test the UI. It will capture screenshots and browser recordings of itself clicking buttons and navigating pages to ensure everything works as intended. You can verify the "vibe" of the final product by reviewing these artifacts directly in your mission control dashboard.
As your project grows, you can teach your agents new tricks using Agent Skills. By adding a SKILL.md file to your project's .agent/skills/ directory, you can define specific workflows or coding standards unique to your team. For instance, you could create a "database migration" skill that teaches the agent how to safely update your schema using your company’s specific CLI tools.
For complex projects, you can use the Agent Development Kit (ADK) with Gemini CLI to build "autonomous agents." These agents can perform multi-step tasks like:
Vibe coding is more than just a new technique. It’s helping shift how we create software. It lowers the barrier to entry for new creators and acts as a powerful force multiplier for experienced developers, allowing everyone to focus more on creative problem-solving and less on manual implementation.
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