Interroger des feuilles de calcul Sheets avec une table permanente

Interrogez les données d'un fichier Google Sheets en créant une table permanente.

En savoir plus

Pour obtenir une documentation détaillée incluant cet exemple de code, consultez les articles suivants :

Exemple de code

Java

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Java du guide de démarrage rapide de BigQuery : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API BigQuery pour Java.

Pour vous authentifier auprès de BigQuery, configurez le service Identifiants par défaut de l'application. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la page Configurer l'authentification pour les bibliothèques clientes. 

import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.ServiceAccountCredentials;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryException;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.ExternalTableDefinition;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Field;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.GoogleSheetsOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.QueryJobConfiguration;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Schema;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.StandardSQLTypeName;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableId;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableInfo;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableResult;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import java.io.IOException;

// Sample to queries an external data source using a permanent table
public class QueryExternalSheetsPerm {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String datasetName = "MY_DATASET_NAME";
    String tableName = "MY_TABLE_NAME";
    String sourceUri =
        "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1i_QCL-7HcSyUZmIbP9E6lO_T5u3HnpLe7dnpHaijg_E/edit?usp=sharing";
    Schema schema =
        Schema.of(
            Field.of("name", StandardSQLTypeName.STRING),
            Field.of("post_abbr", StandardSQLTypeName.STRING));
    String query =
        String.format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE name LIKE 'W%%'", datasetName, tableName);
    queryExternalSheetsPerm(datasetName, tableName, sourceUri, schema, query);
  }

  public static void queryExternalSheetsPerm(
      String datasetName, String tableName, String sourceUri, Schema schema, String query) {
    try {

      // Create credentials with Drive & BigQuery API scopes.
      // Both APIs must be enabled for your project before running this code.
      GoogleCredentials credentials =
          ServiceAccountCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
              .createScoped(
                  ImmutableSet.of(
                      "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery",
                      "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive"));

      // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
      // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
      BigQuery bigquery =
          BigQueryOptions.newBuilder().setCredentials(credentials).build().getService();

      // Skip header row in the file.
      GoogleSheetsOptions sheetsOptions =
          GoogleSheetsOptions.newBuilder()
              .setSkipLeadingRows(1) // Optionally skip header row.
              .setRange("us-states!A20:B49") // Optionally set range of the sheet to query from.
              .build();

      TableId tableId = TableId.of(datasetName, tableName);
      // Create a permanent table linked to the Sheets file.
      ExternalTableDefinition externalTable =
          ExternalTableDefinition.newBuilder(sourceUri, sheetsOptions).setSchema(schema).build();
      bigquery.create(TableInfo.of(tableId, externalTable));

      // Example query to find states starting with 'W'
      TableResult results = bigquery.query(QueryJobConfiguration.of(query));

      results
          .iterateAll()
          .forEach(row -> row.forEach(val -> System.out.printf("%s,", val.toString())));

      System.out.println("Query on external permanent table performed successfully.");
    } catch (BigQueryException | InterruptedException | IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Query not performed \n" + e.toString());
    }
  }
}

Python

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Python du guide de démarrage rapide de BigQuery : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API BigQuery pour Python.

Pour vous authentifier auprès de BigQuery, configurez le service Identifiants par défaut de l'application. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la page Configurer l'authentification pour les bibliothèques clientes. 

from google.cloud import bigquery
import google.auth

# Create credentials with Drive & BigQuery API scopes.
# Both APIs must be enabled for your project before running this code.
#
# If you are using credentials from gcloud, you must authorize the
# application first with the following command:
#
# gcloud auth application-default login \
#   --scopes=https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive,https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform
credentials, project = google.auth.default(
    scopes=[
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery",
    ]
)

# Construct a BigQuery client object.
client = bigquery.Client(credentials=credentials, project=project)

# TODO(developer): Set dataset_id to the ID of the dataset to fetch.
# dataset_id = "your-project.your_dataset"

# Configure the external data source.
dataset = client.get_dataset(dataset_id)
table_id = "us_states"
schema = [
    bigquery.SchemaField("name", "STRING"),
    bigquery.SchemaField("post_abbr", "STRING"),
]
table = bigquery.Table(dataset.table(table_id), schema=schema)
external_config = bigquery.ExternalConfig("GOOGLE_SHEETS")
# Use a shareable link or grant viewing access to the email address you
# used to authenticate with BigQuery (this example Sheet is public).
sheet_url = (
    "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets"
    "/d/1i_QCL-7HcSyUZmIbP9E6lO_T5u3HnpLe7dnpHaijg_E/edit?usp=sharing"
)
external_config.source_uris = [sheet_url]
options = external_config.google_sheets_options
assert options is not None
options.skip_leading_rows = 1  # Optionally skip header row.
options.range = (
    "us-states!A20:B49"  # Optionally set range of the sheet to query from.
)
table.external_data_configuration = external_config

# Create a permanent table linked to the Sheets file.
table = client.create_table(table)  # Make an API request.

# Example query to find states starting with "W".
sql = 'SELECT * FROM `{}.{}` WHERE name LIKE "W%"'.format(dataset_id, table_id)

results = client.query_and_wait(sql)  # Make an API request.

# Wait for the query to complete.
w_states = list(results)
print(
    "There are {} states with names starting with W in the selected range.".format(
        len(w_states)
    )
)

Étapes suivantes

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