Load a JSON file to replace a table

Load a JSON file from Cloud Storage, replacing a table.

Explore further

For detailed documentation that includes this code sample, see the following:

• Loading JSON data from Cloud Storage

Code sample

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	"cloud.google.com/go/bigquery"
)

// importJSONTruncate demonstrates loading data from newline-delimeted JSON data in Cloud Storage
// and overwriting/truncating data in the existing table.
func importJSONTruncate(projectID, datasetID, tableID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// datasetID := "mydataset"
	// tableID := "mytable"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := bigquery.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("bigquery.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	gcsRef := bigquery.NewGCSReference("gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/us-states/us-states.json")
	gcsRef.SourceFormat = bigquery.JSON
	gcsRef.AutoDetect = true
	loader := client.Dataset(datasetID).Table(tableID).LoaderFrom(gcsRef)
	loader.WriteDisposition = bigquery.WriteTruncate

	job, err := loader.Run(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	status, err := job.Wait(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if status.Err() != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("job completed with error: %w", status.Err())
	}

	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryException;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Field;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.FormatOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Job;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.JobInfo;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.LoadJobConfiguration;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Schema;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.StandardSQLTypeName;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableId;

// Sample to overwrite the BigQuery table data by loading a JSON file from GCS
public class LoadJsonFromGcsTruncate {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String datasetName = "MY_DATASET_NAME";
    String tableName = "MY_TABLE_NAME";
    String sourceUri = "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/us-states/us-states.json";
    Schema schema =
        Schema.of(
            Field.of("name", StandardSQLTypeName.STRING),
            Field.of("post_abbr", StandardSQLTypeName.STRING));
    loadJsonFromGcsTruncate(datasetName, tableName, sourceUri, schema);
  }

  public static void loadJsonFromGcsTruncate(
      String datasetName, String tableName, String sourceUri, Schema schema) {
    try {
      // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
      // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
      BigQuery bigquery = BigQueryOptions.getDefaultInstance().getService();

      TableId tableId = TableId.of(datasetName, tableName);
      LoadJobConfiguration loadConfig =
          LoadJobConfiguration.newBuilder(tableId, sourceUri)
              .setFormatOptions(FormatOptions.json())
              // Set the write disposition to overwrite existing table data
              .setWriteDisposition(JobInfo.WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE)
              .setSchema(schema)
              .build();

      // Load data from a GCS JSON file into the table
      Job job = bigquery.create(JobInfo.of(loadConfig));
      // Blocks until this load table job completes its execution, either failing or succeeding.
      job = job.waitFor();
      if (job.isDone()) {
        System.out.println("Table is successfully overwritten by JSON file loaded from GCS");
      } else {
        System.out.println(
            "BigQuery was unable to load into the table due to an error:"
                + job.getStatus().getError());
      }
    } catch (BigQueryException | InterruptedException e) {
      System.out.println("Column not added during load append \n" + e.toString());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery Node.js API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

// Import the Google Cloud client libraries
const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Instantiate clients
const bigquery = new BigQuery();
const storage = new Storage();

/**
 * This sample loads the JSON file at
 * https://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-samples-data/bigquery/us-states/us-states.json
 *
 * TODO(developer): Replace the following lines with the path to your file.
 */
const bucketName = 'cloud-samples-data';
const filename = 'bigquery/us-states/us-states.json';

async function loadJSONFromGCSTruncate() {
  /**
   * Imports a GCS file into a table and overwrites
   * table data if table already exists.
   */

  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
   */
  // const datasetId = "my_dataset";
  // const tableId = "my_table";

  // Configure the load job. For full list of options, see:
  // https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/Job#JobConfigurationLoad
  const metadata = {
    sourceFormat: 'NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON',
    schema: {
      fields: [
        {name: 'name', type: 'STRING'},
        {name: 'post_abbr', type: 'STRING'},
      ],
    },
    // Set the write disposition to overwrite existing table data.
    writeDisposition: 'WRITE_TRUNCATE',
  };

  // Load data from a Google Cloud Storage file into the table
  const [job] = await bigquery
    .dataset(datasetId)
    .table(tableId)
    .load(storage.bucket(bucketName).file(filename), metadata);
  // load() waits for the job to finish
  console.log(`Job ${job.id} completed.`);
  console.log(
    `Write disposition used: ${job.configuration.load.writeDisposition}.`
  );
}

PHP

Before trying this sample, follow the PHP setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery PHP API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

use Google\Cloud\BigQuery\BigQueryClient;

/**
 * Import data from storage json with write truncate option.
 *
 * @param string $projectId The project Id of your Google Cloud Project.
 * @param string $datasetId The BigQuery dataset ID.
 * @param string $tableId The BigQuery table ID.
 */
function import_from_storage_json_truncate(
    string $projectId,
    string $datasetId,
    string $tableId = 'us_states'
): void {
    // instantiate the bigquery table service
    $bigQuery = new BigQueryClient([
      'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);
    $table = $bigQuery->dataset($datasetId)->table($tableId);

    // create the import job
    $gcsUri = 'gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/us-states/us-states.json';
    $loadConfig = $table->loadFromStorage($gcsUri)->sourceFormat('NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON')->writeDisposition('WRITE_TRUNCATE');
    $job = $table->runJob($loadConfig);

    // check if the job is complete
    $job->reload();
    if (!$job->isComplete()) {
        throw new \Exception('Job has not yet completed', 500);
    }
    // check if the job has errors
    if (isset($job->info()['status']['errorResult'])) {
        $error = $job->info()['status']['errorResult']['message'];
        printf('Error running job: %s' . PHP_EOL, $error);
    } else {
        print('Data imported successfully' . PHP_EOL);
    }
}

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

import io

from google.cloud import bigquery

# Construct a BigQuery client object.
client = bigquery.Client()

# TODO(developer): Set table_id to the ID of the table to create.
# table_id = "your-project.your_dataset.your_table_name

job_config = bigquery.LoadJobConfig(
    schema=[
        bigquery.SchemaField("name", "STRING"),
        bigquery.SchemaField("post_abbr", "STRING"),
    ],
)

body = io.BytesIO(b"Washington,WA")
client.load_table_from_file(body, table_id, job_config=job_config).result()
previous_rows = client.get_table(table_id).num_rows
assert previous_rows > 0

job_config = bigquery.LoadJobConfig(
    write_disposition=bigquery.WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE,
    source_format=bigquery.SourceFormat.NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON,
)

uri = "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/us-states/us-states.json"
load_job = client.load_table_from_uri(
    uri, table_id, job_config=job_config
)  # Make an API request.

load_job.result()  # Waits for the job to complete.

destination_table = client.get_table(table_id)
print("Loaded {} rows.".format(destination_table.num_rows))

Ruby

Before trying this sample, follow the Ruby setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery Ruby API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

require "google/cloud/bigquery"

def load_table_gcs_json_truncate dataset_id = "your_dataset_id",
                                 table_id   = "your_table_id"

  bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
  dataset  = bigquery.dataset dataset_id
  gcs_uri  = "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/us-states/us-states.json"

  load_job = dataset.load_job table_id,
                              gcs_uri,
                              format: "json",
                              write:  "truncate"
  puts "Starting job #{load_job.job_id}"

  load_job.wait_until_done! # Waits for table load to complete.
  puts "Job finished."

  table = dataset.table table_id
  puts "Loaded #{table.rows_count} rows to table #{table.id}"
end

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