Create a clustered table

Create a clustered table.

Explore further

For detailed documentation that includes this code sample, see the following:

• Create and use clustered tables

Code sample

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/bigquery"
)

// createTableClustered demonstrates creating a BigQuery table with advanced properties like
// partitioning and clustering features.
func createTableClustered(projectID, datasetID, tableID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// datasetID := "mydatasetid"
	// tableID := "mytableid"
	ctx := context.Background()

	client, err := bigquery.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("bigquery.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	sampleSchema := bigquery.Schema{
		{Name: "timestamp", Type: bigquery.TimestampFieldType},
		{Name: "origin", Type: bigquery.StringFieldType},
		{Name: "destination", Type: bigquery.StringFieldType},
		{Name: "amount", Type: bigquery.NumericFieldType},
	}
	metaData := &bigquery.TableMetadata{
		Schema: sampleSchema,
		TimePartitioning: &bigquery.TimePartitioning{
			Field:      "timestamp",
			Expiration: 90 * 24 * time.Hour,
		},
		Clustering: &bigquery.Clustering{
			Fields: []string{"origin", "destination"},
		},
	}
	tableRef := client.Dataset(datasetID).Table(tableID)
	if err := tableRef.Create(ctx, metaData); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryException;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Clustering;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Field;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Schema;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.StandardSQLTypeName;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.StandardTableDefinition;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableId;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableInfo;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TimePartitioning;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import java.util.List;

public class CreateClusteredTable {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String datasetName = "MY_DATASET_NAME";
    String tableName = "MY_TABLE_NAME";
    Schema schema =
        Schema.of(
            Field.of("name", StandardSQLTypeName.STRING),
            Field.of("post_abbr", StandardSQLTypeName.STRING),
            Field.of("date", StandardSQLTypeName.DATE));
    createClusteredTable(datasetName, tableName, schema, ImmutableList.of("name", "post_abbr"));
  }

  public static void createClusteredTable(
      String datasetName, String tableName, Schema schema, List<String> clusteringFields) {
    try {
      // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
      // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
      BigQuery bigquery = BigQueryOptions.getDefaultInstance().getService();

      TableId tableId = TableId.of(datasetName, tableName);

      TimePartitioning partitioning = TimePartitioning.of(TimePartitioning.Type.DAY);
      // Clustering fields will be consisted of fields mentioned in the schema.
      // BigQuery supports clustering for both partitioned and non-partitioned tables.
      Clustering clustering = Clustering.newBuilder().setFields(clusteringFields).build();

      StandardTableDefinition tableDefinition =
          StandardTableDefinition.newBuilder()
              .setSchema(schema)
              .setTimePartitioning(partitioning)
              .setClustering(clustering)
              .build();
      TableInfo tableInfo = TableInfo.newBuilder(tableId, tableDefinition).build();

      bigquery.create(tableInfo);
      System.out.println("Clustered table created successfully");
    } catch (BigQueryException e) {
      System.out.println("Clustered table was not created. \n" + e.toString());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery Node.js API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

// Import the Google Cloud client library
const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
const bigquery = new BigQuery();

async function createTableClustered() {
  // Creates a new clustered table named "my_table" in "my_dataset".

  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
   */
  // const datasetId = "my_dataset";
  // const tableId = "my_table";
  const schema = 'name:string, city:string, zipcode:integer';

  // For all options, see https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/tables#resource
  const options = {
    schema: schema,
    clustering: {
      fields: ['city', 'zipcode'],
    },
  };

  // Create a new table in the dataset
  const [table] = await bigquery
    .dataset(datasetId)
    .createTable(tableId, options);
  console.log(`Table ${table.id} created with clustering:`);
  console.log(table.metadata.clustering);
}

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

from google.cloud import bigquery

# Construct a BigQuery client object.
client = bigquery.Client()

# TODO(developer): Set table_id to the ID of the table to create.
# table_id = "your-project.your_dataset.your_table_name"

schema = [
    bigquery.SchemaField("full_name", "STRING"),
    bigquery.SchemaField("city", "STRING"),
    bigquery.SchemaField("zipcode", "INTEGER"),
]

table = bigquery.Table(table_id, schema=schema)
table.clustering_fields = ["city", "zipcode"]
table = client.create_table(table)  # Make an API request.
print(
    "Created clustered table {}.{}.{}".format(
        table.project, table.dataset_id, table.table_id
    )
)

Terraform

To learn how to apply or remove a Terraform configuration, see Basic Terraform commands. For more information, see the Terraform provider reference documentation.

resource "google_bigquery_dataset" "default" {
  dataset_id                      = "mydataset"
  default_partition_expiration_ms = 2592000000  # 30 days
  default_table_expiration_ms     = 31536000000 # 365 days
  description                     = "dataset description"
  location                        = "US"
  max_time_travel_hours           = 96 # 4 days

  labels = {
    billing_group = "accounting",
    pii           = "sensitive"
  }
}

resource "google_bigquery_table" "default" {
  dataset_id          = google_bigquery_dataset.default.dataset_id
  table_id            = "mytable"
  deletion_protection = false # set to "true" in production

  clustering = ["ID", "Created"]

  schema = <<EOF
[
  {
    "name": "ID",
    "type": "INT64",
    "description": "Item ID"
  },
  {
    "name": "Item",
    "type": "STRING",
    "mode": "NULLABLE"
  },
 {
   "name": "Created",
   "type": "TIMESTAMP"
 }
]
EOF

}

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