使用永久資料表來查詢 Cloud Storage

建立永久資料表，查詢 Cloud Storage 檔案中的資料。

深入探索

如需包含這個程式碼範例的詳細說明文件，請參閱下列內容：

• 建立 Cloud Storage 外部資料表

程式碼範例

Java

在試行這個範例之前，請先按照 BigQuery 快速入門導覽課程：使用用戶端程式庫中的 Java 設定說明進行操作。詳情請參閱 BigQuery Java API 參考說明文件。

如要向 BigQuery 進行驗證，請設定應用程式預設憑證。 詳情請參閱「設定用戶端程式庫的驗證機制」。

import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryException;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.CsvOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.ExternalTableDefinition;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Field;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.QueryJobConfiguration;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Schema;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.StandardSQLTypeName;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableId;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableInfo;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableResult;

// Sample to queries an external data source using a permanent table
public class QueryExternalGcsPerm {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String datasetName = "MY_DATASET_NAME";
    String tableName = "MY_TABLE_NAME";
    String sourceUri = "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/us-states/us-states.csv";
    Schema schema =
        Schema.of(
            Field.of("name", StandardSQLTypeName.STRING),
            Field.of("post_abbr", StandardSQLTypeName.STRING));
    String query =
        String.format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE name LIKE 'W%%'", datasetName, tableName);
    queryExternalGcsPerm(datasetName, tableName, sourceUri, schema, query);
  }

  public static void queryExternalGcsPerm(
      String datasetName, String tableName, String sourceUri, Schema schema, String query) {
    try {
      // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
      // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
      BigQuery bigquery = BigQueryOptions.getDefaultInstance().getService();

      // Skip header row in the file.
      CsvOptions csvOptions = CsvOptions.newBuilder().setSkipLeadingRows(1).build();

      TableId tableId = TableId.of(datasetName, tableName);
      // Create a permanent table linked to the GCS file
      ExternalTableDefinition externalTable =
          ExternalTableDefinition.newBuilder(sourceUri, csvOptions).setSchema(schema).build();
      bigquery.create(TableInfo.of(tableId, externalTable));

      // Example query to find states starting with 'W'
      TableResult results = bigquery.query(QueryJobConfiguration.of(query));

      results
          .iterateAll()
          .forEach(row -> row.forEach(val -> System.out.printf("%s,", val.toString())));

      System.out.println("Query on external permanent table performed successfully.");
    } catch (BigQueryException | InterruptedException e) {
      System.out.println("Query not performed \n" + e.toString());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

在試行這個範例之前，請先按照 BigQuery 快速入門導覽課程：使用用戶端程式庫中的 Node.js 設定說明進行操作。詳情請參閱 BigQuery Node.js API 參考說明文件。

如要向 BigQuery 進行驗證，請設定應用程式預設憑證。 詳情請參閱「設定用戶端程式庫的驗證機制」。

// Import the Google Cloud client library and create a client
const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
const bigquery = new BigQuery();

async function queryExternalGCSPerm() {
  // Queries an external data source using a permanent table

  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
   */
  // const datasetId = "my_dataset";
  // const tableId = "my_table";

  // Configure the external data source
  const dataConfig = {
    sourceFormat: 'CSV',
    sourceUris: ['gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/us-states/us-states.csv'],
    // Optionally skip header row
    csvOptions: {skipLeadingRows: 1},
  };

  // For all options, see https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/tables#resource
  const options = {
    schema: schema,
    externalDataConfiguration: dataConfig,
  };

  // Create an external table linked to the GCS file
  const [table] = await bigquery
    .dataset(datasetId)
    .createTable(tableId, options);

  console.log(`Table ${table.id} created.`);

  // Example query to find states starting with 'W'
  const query = `SELECT post_abbr
  FROM \`${datasetId}.${tableId}\`
  WHERE name LIKE 'W%'`;

  // Run the query as a job
  const [job] = await bigquery.createQueryJob(query);
  console.log(`Job ${job.id} started.`);

  // Wait for the query to finish
  const [rows] = await job.getQueryResults();

  // Print the results
  console.log('Rows:');
  console.log(rows);
}

Python

在試行這個範例之前，請先按照 BigQuery 快速入門導覽課程：使用用戶端程式庫中的 Python 設定說明進行操作。詳情請參閱 BigQuery Python API 參考說明文件。

如要向 BigQuery 進行驗證，請設定應用程式預設憑證。 詳情請參閱「設定用戶端程式庫的驗證機制」。

from google.cloud import bigquery

# Construct a BigQuery client object.
client = bigquery.Client()

# TODO(developer): Set table_id to the ID of the table to create.
table_id = "your-project.your_dataset.your_table_name"

# TODO(developer): Set the external source format of your table.
# Note that the set of allowed values for external data sources is
# different than the set used for loading data (see :class:`~google.cloud.bigquery.job.SourceFormat`).
external_source_format = "AVRO"

# TODO(developer): Set the source_uris to point to your data in Google Cloud
source_uris = [
    "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/federated-formats-reference-file-schema/a-twitter.avro",
    "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/federated-formats-reference-file-schema/b-twitter.avro",
    "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/federated-formats-reference-file-schema/c-twitter.avro",
]

# Create ExternalConfig object with external source format
external_config = bigquery.ExternalConfig(external_source_format)
# Set source_uris that point to your data in Google Cloud
external_config.source_uris = source_uris

# TODO(developer) You have the option to set a reference_file_schema_uri, which points to
# a reference file for the table schema
reference_file_schema_uri = "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/federated-formats-reference-file-schema/b-twitter.avro"

external_config.reference_file_schema_uri = reference_file_schema_uri

table = bigquery.Table(table_id)
# Set the external data configuration of the table
table.external_data_configuration = external_config
table = client.create_table(table)  # Make an API request.

print(
    f"Created table with external source format {table.external_data_configuration.source_format}"
)

後續步驟

如要搜尋及篩選其他 Google Cloud 產品的程式碼範例，請參閱Google Cloud 範例瀏覽器。