Navigation Functions in Standard SQL

The following sections describe the navigation functions that BigQuery supports. Navigation functions are a subset of analytic functions. For an explanation of how analytic functions work, see Analytic Function Concepts. For an explanation of how navigation functions work, see Navigation Function Concepts.

FIRST_VALUE

FIRST_VALUE (value_expression [{RESPECT | IGNORE} NULLS])

Description

Returns the value of the value_expression for the first row in the current window frame.

This function includes NULL values in the calculation unless IGNORE NULLS is present. If IGNORE NULLS is present, the function excludes NULL values from the calculation.

Supported Argument Types

value_expression can be any data type that an expression can return.

Return Data Type

ANY

Examples

The following example computes the fastest time for each division.

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  FORMAT_TIMESTAMP('%X', finish_time) AS finish_time,
  division,
  FORMAT_TIMESTAMP('%X', fastest_time) AS fastest_time,
  TIMESTAMP_DIFF(finish_time, fastest_time, SECOND) AS delta_in_seconds
FROM (
  SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  FIRST_VALUE(finish_time)
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC
    ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS fastest_time
  FROM finishers);

+-----------------+-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| name            | finish_time | division | fastest_time | delta_in_seconds |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| Carly Forte     | 03:08:58    | F25-29   | 03:08:58     | 0                |
| Sophia Liu      | 02:51:45    | F30-34   | 02:51:45     | 0                |
| Nikki Leith     | 02:59:01    | F30-34   | 02:51:45     | 436              |
| Jen Edwards     | 03:06:36    | F30-34   | 02:51:45     | 891              |
| Meghan Lederer  | 03:07:41    | F30-34   | 02:51:45     | 956              |
| Lauren Reasoner | 03:10:14    | F30-34   | 02:51:45     | 1109             |
| Lisa Stelzner   | 02:54:11    | F35-39   | 02:54:11     | 0                |
| Lauren Matthews | 03:01:17    | F35-39   | 02:54:11     | 426              |
| Desiree Berry   | 03:05:42    | F35-39   | 02:54:11     | 691              |
| Suzy Slane      | 03:06:24    | F35-39   | 02:54:11     | 733              |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

LAST_VALUE

LAST_VALUE (value_expression [{RESPECT | IGNORE} NULLS])

Description

Returns the value of the value_expression for the last row in the current window frame.

This function includes NULL values in the calculation unless IGNORE NULLS is present. If IGNORE NULLS is present, the function excludes NULL values from the calculation.

Supported Argument Types

value_expression can be any data type that an expression can return.

Return Data Type

ANY

Examples

The following example computes the slowest time for each division.

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  FORMAT_TIMESTAMP('%X', finish_time) AS finish_time,
  division,
  FORMAT_TIMESTAMP('%X', slowest_time) AS slowest_time,
  TIMESTAMP_DIFF(slowest_time, finish_time, SECOND) AS delta_in_seconds
FROM (
  SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  LAST_VALUE(finish_time)
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC
    ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS slowest_time
  FROM finishers);

+-----------------+-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| name            | finish_time | division | slowest_time | delta_in_seconds |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| Carly Forte     | 03:08:58    | F25-29   | 03:08:58     | 0                |
| Sophia Liu      | 02:51:45    | F30-34   | 03:10:14     | 1109             |
| Nikki Leith     | 02:59:01    | F30-34   | 03:10:14     | 673              |
| Jen Edwards     | 03:06:36    | F30-34   | 03:10:14     | 218              |
| Meghan Lederer  | 03:07:41    | F30-34   | 03:10:14     | 153              |
| Lauren Reasoner | 03:10:14    | F30-34   | 03:10:14     | 0                |
| Lisa Stelzner   | 02:54:11    | F35-39   | 03:06:24     | 733              |
| Lauren Matthews | 03:01:17    | F35-39   | 03:06:24     | 307              |
| Desiree Berry   | 03:05:42    | F35-39   | 03:06:24     | 42               |
| Suzy Slane      | 03:06:24    | F35-39   | 03:06:24     | 0                |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

NTH_VALUE

NTH_VALUE (value_expression, constant_integer_expression [{RESPECT | IGNORE} NULLS])

Description

Returns the value of value_expression at the Nth row of the current window frame, where Nth is defined by constant_integer_expression. Returns NULL if there is no such row.

This function includes NULL values in the calculation unless IGNORE NULLS is present. If IGNORE NULLS is present, the function excludes NULL values from the calculation.

Supported Argument Types

  • value_expression can be any data type that can be returned from an expression.
  • constant_integer_expression can be any constant expression that returns an integer.

Return Data Type

ANY

Examples

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  FORMAT_TIMESTAMP('%X', finish_time) AS finish_time,
  division,
  FORMAT_TIMESTAMP('%X', fastest_time) AS fastest_time,
  FORMAT_TIMESTAMP('%X', second_fastest) AS second_fastest
FROM (
  SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,finishers,
  FIRST_VALUE(finish_time)
    OVER w1 AS fastest_time,
  NTH_VALUE(finish_time, 2)
    OVER w1 as second_fastest
  FROM finishers
  WINDOW w1 AS (
    PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC
    ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING));

+-----------------+-------------+----------+--------------+----------------+
| name            | finish_time | division | fastest_time | second_fastest |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+--------------+----------------+
| Carly Forte     | 03:08:58    | F25-29   | 03:08:58     | NULL           |
| Sophia Liu      | 02:51:45    | F30-34   | 02:51:45     | 02:59:01       |
| Nikki Leith     | 02:59:01    | F30-34   | 02:51:45     | 02:59:01       |
| Jen Edwards     | 03:06:36    | F30-34   | 02:51:45     | 02:59:01       |
| Meghan Lederer  | 03:07:41    | F30-34   | 02:51:45     | 02:59:01       |
| Lauren Reasoner | 03:10:14    | F30-34   | 02:51:45     | 02:59:01       |
| Lisa Stelzner   | 02:54:11    | F35-39   | 02:54:11     | 03:01:17       |
| Lauren Matthews | 03:01:17    | F35-39   | 02:54:11     | 03:01:17       |
| Desiree Berry   | 03:05:42    | F35-39   | 02:54:11     | 03:01:17       |
| Suzy Slane      | 03:06:24    | F35-39   | 02:54:11     | 03:01:17       |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+--------------+----------------+

LEAD

LEAD (value_expression[, offset [, default_expression]])

Description

Returns the value of the value_expression on a subsequent row. Changing the offset value changes which subsequent row is returned; the default value is 1, indicating the next row in the window frame. An error occurs if offset is NULL or a negative value.

The optional default_expression is used if there isn't a row in the window frame at the specified offset. This expression must be a constant expression and its type must be implicitly coercible to the type of value_expression. If left unspecified, default_expression defaults to NULL.

Supported Argument Types

  • value_expression can be any data type that can be returned from an expression.
  • offset must be a non-negative integer literal or parameter.
  • default_expression must be compatible with the value expression type.

Return Data Type

ANY

Examples

The following example illustrates a basic use of the LEAD function.

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  LEAD(name)
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC) AS followed_by
FROM finishers;

+-----------------+-------------+----------+-----------------+
| name            | finish_time | division | followed_by     |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+-----------------+
| Carly Forte     | 03:08:58    | F25-29   | NULL            |
| Sophia Liu      | 02:51:45    | F30-34   | Nikki Leith     |
| Nikki Leith     | 02:59:01    | F30-34   | Jen Edwards     |
| Jen Edwards     | 03:06:36    | F30-34   | Meghan Lederer  |
| Meghan Lederer  | 03:07:41    | F30-34   | Lauren Reasoner |
| Lauren Reasoner | 03:10:14    | F30-34   | NULL            |
| Lisa Stelzner   | 02:54:11    | F35-39   | Lauren Matthews |
| Lauren Matthews | 03:01:17    | F35-39   | Desiree Berry   |
| Desiree Berry   | 03:05:42    | F35-39   | Suzy Slane      |
| Suzy Slane      | 03:06:24    | F35-39   | NULL            |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+-----------------+

This next example uses the optional offset parameter.

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  LEAD(name, 2)
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC) AS two_runners_back
FROM finishers;

+-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------+
| name            | finish_time | division | two_runners_back |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------+
| Carly Forte     | 03:08:58    | F25-29   | NULL             |
| Sophia Liu      | 02:51:45    | F30-34   | Jen Edwards      |
| Nikki Leith     | 02:59:01    | F30-34   | Meghan Lederer   |
| Jen Edwards     | 03:06:36    | F30-34   | Lauren Reasoner  |
| Meghan Lederer  | 03:07:41    | F30-34   | NULL             |
| Lauren Reasoner | 03:10:14    | F30-34   | NULL             |
| Lisa Stelzner   | 02:54:11    | F35-39   | Desiree Berry    |
| Lauren Matthews | 03:01:17    | F35-39   | Suzy Slane       |
| Desiree Berry   | 03:05:42    | F35-39   | NULL             |
| Suzy Slane      | 03:06:24    | F35-39   | NULL             |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------+

The following example replaces NULL values with a default value.

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  LEAD(name, 2, 'Nobody')
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC) AS two_runners_back
FROM finishers;

+-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------+
| name            | finish_time | division | two_runners_back |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------+
| Carly Forte     | 03:08:58    | F25-29   | Nobody           |
| Sophia Liu      | 02:51:45    | F30-34   | Jen Edwards      |
| Nikki Leith     | 02:59:01    | F30-34   | Meghan Lederer   |
| Jen Edwards     | 03:06:36    | F30-34   | Lauren Reasoner  |
| Meghan Lederer  | 03:07:41    | F30-34   | Nobody           |
| Lauren Reasoner | 03:10:14    | F30-34   | Nobody           |
| Lisa Stelzner   | 02:54:11    | F35-39   | Desiree Berry    |
| Lauren Matthews | 03:01:17    | F35-39   | Suzy Slane       |
| Desiree Berry   | 03:05:42    | F35-39   | Nobody           |
| Suzy Slane      | 03:06:24    | F35-39   | Nobody           |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------+

LAG

LAG (value_expression[, offset [, default_expression]])

Description

Returns the value of the value_expression on a preceding row. Changing the offset value changes which preceding row is returned; the default value is 1, indicating the previous row in the window frame. An error occurs if offset is NULL or a negative value.

The optional default_expression is used if there isn't a row in the window frame at the specified offset. This expression must be a constant expression and its type must be implicitly coercible to the type of value_expression. If left unspecified, default_expression defaults to NULL.

Supported Argument Types

  • value_expression can be any data type that can be returned from an expression.
  • offset must be a non-negative integer literal or parameter.
  • default_expression must be compatible with the value expression type.

Return Data Type

ANY

Examples

The following example illustrates a basic use of the LAG function.

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  LAG(name)
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC) AS preceding_runner
FROM finishers;

+-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------+
| name            | finish_time | division | preceding_runner |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------+
| Carly Forte     | 03:08:58    | F25-29   | NULL             |
| Sophia Liu      | 02:51:45    | F30-34   | NULL             |
| Nikki Leith     | 02:59:01    | F30-34   | Sophia Liu       |
| Jen Edwards     | 03:06:36    | F30-34   | Nikki Leith      |
| Meghan Lederer  | 03:07:41    | F30-34   | Jen Edwards      |
| Lauren Reasoner | 03:10:14    | F30-34   | Meghan Lederer   |
| Lisa Stelzner   | 02:54:11    | F35-39   | NULL             |
| Lauren Matthews | 03:01:17    | F35-39   | Lisa Stelzner    |
| Desiree Berry   | 03:05:42    | F35-39   | Lauren Matthews  |
| Suzy Slane      | 03:06:24    | F35-39   | Desiree Berry    |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------+

This next example uses the optional offset parameter.

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  LAG(name, 2)
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC) AS two_runners_ahead
FROM finishers;

+-----------------+-------------+----------+-------------------+
| name            | finish_time | division | two_runners_ahead |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+-------------------+
| Carly Forte     | 03:08:58    | F25-29   | NULL              |
| Sophia Liu      | 02:51:45    | F30-34   | NULL              |
| Nikki Leith     | 02:59:01    | F30-34   | NULL              |
| Jen Edwards     | 03:06:36    | F30-34   | Sophia Liu        |
| Meghan Lederer  | 03:07:41    | F30-34   | Nikki Leith       |
| Lauren Reasoner | 03:10:14    | F30-34   | Jen Edwards       |
| Lisa Stelzner   | 02:54:11    | F35-39   | NULL              |
| Lauren Matthews | 03:01:17    | F35-39   | NULL              |
| Desiree Berry   | 03:05:42    | F35-39   | Lisa Stelzner     |
| Suzy Slane      | 03:06:24    | F35-39   | Lauren Matthews   |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+-------------------+

The following example replaces NULL values with a default value.

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  LAG(name, 2, 'Nobody')
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC) AS two_runners_ahead
FROM finishers;

+-----------------+-------------+----------+-------------------+
| name            | finish_time | division | two_runners_ahead |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+-------------------+
| Carly Forte     | 03:08:58    | F25-29   | Nobody            |
| Sophia Liu      | 02:51:45    | F30-34   | Nobody            |
| Nikki Leith     | 02:59:01    | F30-34   | Nobody            |
| Jen Edwards     | 03:06:36    | F30-34   | Sophia Liu        |
| Meghan Lederer  | 03:07:41    | F30-34   | Nikki Leith       |
| Lauren Reasoner | 03:10:14    | F30-34   | Jen Edwards       |
| Lisa Stelzner   | 02:54:11    | F35-39   | Nobody            |
| Lauren Matthews | 03:01:17    | F35-39   | Nobody            |
| Desiree Berry   | 03:05:42    | F35-39   | Lisa Stelzner     |
| Suzy Slane      | 03:06:24    | F35-39   | Lauren Matthews   |
+-----------------+-------------+----------+-------------------+

PERCENTILE_CONT

PERCENTILE_CONT (value_expression, percentile [{RESPECT | IGNORE} NULLS])

Description

Computes the specified percentile value for the value_expression, with linear interpolation.

This function ignores NULL values if RESPECT NULLS is absent. If RESPECT NULLS is present:

  • Interpolation between two NULL values returns NULL.
  • Interpolation between a NULL value and a non-NULL value returns the non-NULL value.

Supported Argument Types

  • value_expression is a numeric expression.
  • percentile is a DOUBLE literal in the range [0, 1].

Return Data Type

DOUBLE

Examples

The following example computes the value for some percentiles from a column of values while ignoring nulls.

SELECT
  PERCENTILE_CONT(x, 0) OVER() AS min,
  PERCENTILE_CONT(x, 0.01) OVER() AS percentile1,
  PERCENTILE_CONT(x, 0.5) OVER() AS median,
  PERCENTILE_CONT(x, 0.9) OVER() AS percentile90,
  PERCENTILE_CONT(x, 1) OVER() AS max
FROM UNNEST([0, 3, NULL, 1, 2]) AS x LIMIT 1;

+-----+-------------+--------+--------------+-----+
| min | percentile1 | median | percentile90 | max |
+-----+-------------+--------+--------------+-----+
| 0   | 0.03        | 1.5    | 2.7          | 3   |
+-----+-------------+--------+--------------+-----+

The following example computes the value for some percentiles from a column of values while respecting nulls.

SELECT
  PERCENTILE_CONT(x, 0 RESPECT NULLS) OVER() AS min,
  PERCENTILE_CONT(x, 0.01 RESPECT NULLS) OVER() AS percentile1,
  PERCENTILE_CONT(x, 0.5 RESPECT NULLS) OVER() AS median,
  PERCENTILE_CONT(x, 0.9 RESPECT NULLS) OVER() AS percentile90,
  PERCENTILE_CONT(x, 1 RESPECT NULLS) OVER() AS max
FROM UNNEST([0, 3, NULL, 1, 2]) AS x LIMIT 1;

+------+-------------+--------+--------------+-----+
| min  | percentile1 | median | percentile90 | max |
+------+-------------+--------+--------------+-----+
| NULL | 0           | 1      | 2.6          | 3   |
+------+-------------+--------+--------------+-----+

PERCENTILE_DISC

PERCENTILE_DISC (value_expression, percentile [{RESPECT | IGNORE} NULLS])

Description

Computes the specified percentile value for a discrete value_expression. The returned value is the first sorted value of value_expression with cumulative distribution greater than or equal to the given percentile value.

This function ignores NULL values unless RESPECT NULLS is present.

Supported Argument Types

  • value_expression can be any orderable type.
  • percentile is a DOUBLE literal in the range [0, 1].

Return Data Type

ANY

Examples

The following example computes the value for some percentiles from a column of values while ignoring nulls.

SELECT
  x,
  PERCENTILE_DISC(x, 0) OVER() AS min,
  PERCENTILE_DISC(x, 0.5) OVER() AS median,
  PERCENTILE_DISC(x, 1) OVER() AS max
FROM UNNEST(['c', NULL, 'b', 'a']) AS x;

+------+-----+--------+-----+
| x    | min | median | max |
+------+-----+--------+-----+
| c    | a   | b      | c   |
| NULL | a   | b      | c   |
| b    | a   | b      | c   |
| a    | a   | b      | c   |
+------+-----+--------+-----+

The following example computes the value for some percentiles from a column of values while respecting nulls.

SELECT
  x,
  PERCENTILE_DISC(x, 0 RESPECT NULLS) OVER() AS min,
  PERCENTILE_DISC(x, 0.5 RESPECT NULLS) OVER() AS median,
  PERCENTILE_DISC(x, 1 RESPECT NULLS) OVER() AS max
FROM UNNEST(['c', NULL, 'b', 'a']) AS x;

+------+------+--------+-----+
| x    | min  | median | max |
+------+------+--------+-----+
| c    | NULL | a      | c   |
| NULL | NULL | a      | c   |
| b    | NULL | a      | c   |
| a    | NULL | a      | c   |
+------+------+--------+-----+
¿Te sirvió esta página? Envíanos tu opinión:

Enviar comentarios sobre…

Esta página
Comentarios sobre la documentación
BigQuery
Comentarios sobre el producto
¿Necesitas ayuda? Visita nuestra página de asistencia.