Quickstart: Build and Deploy

This page shows you how to create a simple Hello World application, package it into a container image, upload the container image to Container Registry, and then deploy the container image to Cloud Run. The sample is shown in several languages, but note that you can use other languages in addition to the ones shown.

This quickstart is available in an interactive tutorial format using Cloud Shell:

Alternatively, follow this quickstart with a demo account on Qwiklabs.

Before you begin

Sign in to your Google Account.
If you don't already have one, sign up for a new account.
In the Google Cloud Console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

Go to the project selector page
Make sure that billing is enabled for your Cloud project. Learn how to confirm that billing is enabled for your project.
Install and initialize the Cloud SDK.

Writing the sample application

For instructions on creating a sample hello world application that runs on Cloud Run, click the tab for your language:

Go

Create a new directory named helloworld and change directory into it:
```
mkdir helloworld
cd helloworld
```
Initialize a go.mod file to declare the go module:

run/helloworld/go.mod

View on GitHub
```
module github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/golang-samples/run/helloworld

go 1.13
```

Create a new file named main.go and paste the following code into it:

run/helloworld/main.go

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// Sample run-helloworld is a minimal Cloud Run service.
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	log.Print("starting server...")
	http.HandleFunc("/", handler)

	// Determine port for HTTP service.
	port := os.Getenv("PORT")
	if port == "" {
		port = "8080"
		log.Printf("defaulting to port %s", port)
	}

	// Start HTTP server.
	log.Printf("listening on port %s", port)
	if err := http.ListenAndServe(":"+port, nil); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	name := os.Getenv("NAME")
	if name == "" {
		name = "World"
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello %s!\n", name)
}

This code creates a basic web server that listens on the port defined by the PORT environment variable.

Your app is finished and ready to be containerized and uploaded to Container Registry.

Node.js

Create a new directory named helloworld and change directory into it:
```
mkdir helloworld
cd helloworld
```

Create a package.json file with the following contents:

run/helloworld/package.json

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{
  "name": "helloworld",
  "description": "Simple hello world sample in Node",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node index.js",
    "test": "mocha test/index.test.js --exit",
    "system-test": "NAME=Cloud mocha test/system.test.js --timeout=180000",
    "lint": "eslint '**/*.js'",
    "fix": "eslint --fix '**/*.js'"
  },
  "engines": {
    "node": ">= 12.0.0"
  },
  "author": "Google LLC",
  "license": "Apache-2.0",
  "dependencies": {
    "express": "^4.17.1"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "google-auth-library": "^6.1.3",
    "got": "^11.0.0",
    "mocha": "^8.0.0",
    "supertest": "^6.0.0"
  }
}

In the same directory, create a index.js file, and copy the following lines into it:

run/helloworld/index.js

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const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  const name = process.env.NAME || 'World';
  res.send(`Hello ${name}!`);
});

const port = process.env.PORT || 8080;
app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`helloworld: listening on port ${port}`);
});

This code creates a basic web server that listens on the port defined by the PORT environment variable.

Your app is finished and ready to be containerized and uploaded to Container Registry.

Python

Create a new directory named helloworld and change directory into it:
```
mkdir helloworld
cd helloworld
```
Create a file named main.py and paste the following code into it:

run/helloworld/main.py

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```
import os

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/")
def hello_world():
    name = os.environ.get("NAME", "World")
    return "Hello {}!".format(name)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=int(os.environ.get("PORT", 8080)))
```
This code responds to requests with our "Hello World" greeting. HTTP handling is done by a Gunicorn web server in the container. When directly invoked for local use, this code creates a basic web server that listens on the port defined by the PORT environment variable.

Your app is finished and ready to be containerized and uploaded to Container Registry.

Java

Create a Spring Boot application.

From the console, create a new empty web project using the cURL and unzip commands:
```
curl https://start.spring.io/starter.zip \
    -d dependencies=web \
    -d javaVersion=1.8 \
    -d bootVersion=2.3.3.RELEASE \
    -d name=helloworld \
    -d artifactId=helloworld \
    -d baseDir=helloworld \
    -o helloworld.zip
unzip helloworld.zip
cd helloworld
```
This creates a Spring Boot project.

To use the above cURL command on Microscoft Windows, you'll need one of following command lines, or optionally use the Spring Initializr (configuration preloaded) to generate the project:
- WSL (preferred)
- cygwin

Update the HelloworldApplication class in src/main/java/com/example/helloworld/HelloworldApplication.java by adding a @RestController to handle the / mapping and also add a @Value field to provide the NAME environment variable:

run/helloworld/src/main/java/com/example/helloworld/HelloworldApplication.java

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package com.example.helloworld;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloworldApplication {

  @Value("${NAME:World}")
  String name;

  @RestController
  class HelloworldController {
    @GetMapping("/")
    String hello() {
      return "Hello " + name + "!";
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(HelloworldApplication.class, args);
  }
}

Set the server port to be defined by the PORT environment variable in the application.properties:

run/helloworld/src/main/resources/application.properties

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```
server.port=${PORT:8080}
```

This code creates a basic web server that listens on the port defined by the PORT environment variable.

Your app is finished and ready to be containerized and uploaded to Container Registry.

To deploy Java to Cloud Run with other frameworks, review the Knative samples for Spark and Vert.x.

C#

Install .NET Core SDK 3.1. Note that we only need to do this to create the new web project in the next step: the Dockerfile, which is described later, will load all dependencies into the container.
From the console, create a new empty web project using the dotnet command:
```
dotnet new web -o helloworld-csharp
```
Change directory to helloworld-csharp.

Update the CreateHostBuilder definition in Program.cs to listen on the port defined by the PORT environment variable:

docs/serving/samples/hello-world/helloworld-csharp/Program.cs

using System;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

namespace helloworld_csharp
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
        }

        public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args)
        {
            string port = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PORT") ?? "8080";
            string url = String.Concat("http://0.0.0.0:", port);

            return Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
                {
                    webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>().UseUrls(url);
                });
        }
    }
}

This code creates a basic web server that listens on the port defined by the PORT environment variable.

Create a file named Startup.cs and paste the following code into it:

docs/serving/samples/hello-world/helloworld-csharp/Startup.cs

using System;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

namespace helloworld_csharp
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        // For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapGet("/", async context =>
                {
                    var target = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("TARGET") ?? "World";
                    await context.Response.WriteAsync($"Hello {target}!\n");
                });
            });
        }
    }
}

This code responds to requests with our "Hello World" greeting.

Your app is finished and ready to be containerized and uploaded to Container Registry.

C++

Create a new directory named helloworld-cpp and change directory into it:
```
mkdir helloworld-cpp
cd helloworld-cpp
```

Create a new file named CMakeLists.txt and paste the following code into it:

cloud-run-hello-world/CMakeLists.txt

View on GitHub Feedback

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)

# Define the project name and where to report bugs.
set(PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cpp-samples/issues")
project(Docker-Run-C++ CXX C)

# Configure the Compiler options, we will be using C++17 features.
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

find_package(Boost 1.66 REQUIRED COMPONENTS program_options)
find_package(Threads)

# When using static libraries the FindgRPC.cmake module does not define the
# correct dependencies (OpenSSL::Crypto, c-cares, etc) for gRPC::grpc.
# Explicitly listing these dependencies avoids the undefined symbols problems.
add_executable(cloud_run_hello cloud_run_hello.cc)
target_link_libraries(cloud_run_hello PRIVATE Boost::headers
                                              Boost::program_options
    Threads::Threads)

include(GNUInstallDirs)
install(TARGETS cloud_run_hello RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})

Create a new file named cloud_run_hello.cpp and paste the following code into it:

cloud-run-hello-world/cloud_run_hello.cc

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#include <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/strand.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/core.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/http.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/version.hpp>
#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <optional>
#include <thread>

namespace be = boost::beast;
namespace asio = boost::asio;
namespace po = boost::program_options;
using tcp = boost::asio::ip::tcp;

po::variables_map parse_args(int& argc, char* argv[]) {
  // Initialize the default port with the value from the "PORT" environment
  // variable or with 8080.
  auto port = [&]() -> std::uint16_t {
    auto env = std::getenv("PORT");
    if (env == nullptr) return 8080;
    auto value = std::stoi(env);
    if (value < std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::min() ||
        value > std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max()) {
      std::ostringstream os;
      os << "The PORT environment variable value (" << value
         << ") is out of range.";
      throw std::invalid_argument(std::move(os).str());
    }
    return static_cast<std::uint16_t>(value);
  }();

  // Parse the command-line options.
  po::options_description desc("Server configuration");
  desc.add_options()
      //
      ("help", "produce help message")
      //
      ("address", po::value<std::string>()->default_value("0.0.0.0"),
       "set listening address")
      //
      ("port", po::value<std::uint16_t>()->default_value(port),
       "set listening port");

  po::variables_map vm;
  po::store(po::parse_command_line(argc, argv, desc), vm);
  po::notify(vm);
  if (vm.count("help")) {
    std::cout << desc << "\n";
  }
  return vm;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) try {
  po::variables_map vm = parse_args(argc, argv);

  if (vm.count("help")) return 0;

  auto address = asio::ip::make_address(vm["address"].as<std::string>());
  auto port = vm["port"].as<std::uint16_t>();
  std::cout << "Listening on " << address << ":" << port << std::endl;

  auto handle_session = [](tcp::socket socket) {
    auto report_error = [](be::error_code ec, char const* what) {
      std::cerr << what << ": " << ec.message() << "\n";
    };

    be::error_code ec;
    for (;;) {
      be::flat_buffer buffer;

      // Read a request
      be::http::request<be::http::string_body> request;
      be::http::read(socket, buffer, request, ec);
      if (ec == be::http::error::end_of_stream) break;
      if (ec) return report_error(ec, "read");

      // Send the response
      // Respond to any request with a "Hello World" message.
      be::http::response<be::http::string_body> response{be::http::status::ok,
                                                         request.version()};
      response.set(be::http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
      response.set(be::http::field::content_type, "text/plain");
      response.keep_alive(request.keep_alive());
      std::string greeting = "Hello ";
      auto const* target = std::getenv("TARGET");
      greeting += target == nullptr ? "World" : target;
      greeting += "\n";
      response.body() = std::move(greeting);
      response.prepare_payload();
      be::http::write(socket, response, ec);
      if (ec) return report_error(ec, "write");
    }
    socket.shutdown(tcp::socket::shutdown_send, ec);
  };

  asio::io_context ioc{/*concurrency_hint=*/1};
  tcp::acceptor acceptor{ioc, {address, port}};
  for (;;) {
    auto socket = acceptor.accept(ioc);
    if (!socket.is_open()) break;
    // Run a thread per-session, transferring ownership of the socket
    std::thread{handle_session, std::move(socket)}.detach();
  }

  return 0;
} catch (std::exception const& ex) {
  std::cerr << "Standard exception caught " << ex.what() << '\n';
  return 1;
}

This code creates a basic web server that listens on the port defined by the PORT environment variable.

Your app is finished and ready to be containerized and uploaded to Container Registry.

PHP

Create a new directory named helloworld-php and change directory into it:
```
mkdir helloworld-php
cd helloworld-php
```
Create a file named index.php and paste the following code into it:

run/helloworld/index.php

View on GitHub Feedback
```
$name = getenv('NAME', true) ?: 'World';
echo sprintf('Hello %s!', $name);
```
This code responds to requests with our "Hello World" greeting. HTTP handling is done by an Apache web server in the container.

Your app is finished and ready to be containerized and uploaded to Container Registry.

Ruby

Create a new directory named helloworld and change directory into it:
```
mkdir helloworld
cd helloworld
```
Create a file named app.rb and paste the following code into it:

run/helloworld/app.rb

View on GitHub Feedback
```
require "sinatra"

set :bind, "0.0.0.0"
port = ENV["PORT"] || "8080"
set :port, port

get "/" do
  name = ENV["NAME"] || "World"
  "Hello #{name}!"
end
```
This code creates a basic web server that listens on the port defined by the PORT environment variable.

Create a file nameGemfile and copy the following into it:

run/helloworld/Gemfile

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source "https://rubygems.org"

gem "sinatra", "~>2.0"

group :test do
  gem "rack-test"
  gem "rest-client"
  gem "rspec"
  gem "rspec_junit_formatter"
  gem "rubysl-securerandom"
end

If you don't have Bundler 2.0 or greater installed, install Bundler.
Generate a Gemfile.lock file by running:

bundle install

Your app is finished and ready to be containerized and uploaded to Container Registry.

Shell

Create a new directory named helloworld-shell and change directory into it:
```
mkdir helloworld-shell
cd helloworld-shell
```
Create a script.sh file with the following contents:

helloworld-shell/script.sh

View on GitHub Feedback
```
set -e
echo "Hello ${NAME:-World}!"
```
In order to execute this shell script on every incoming requests, this sample uses a small Go program that starts a basic web server and listen on the port defined by the PORT environment variable.

Create a invoke.go file with the following contents:

helloworld-shell/invoke.go

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// Sample helloworld-shell is a Cloud Run shell-script-as-a-service.
package main

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
)

func main() {
	http.HandleFunc("/", scriptHandler)

	// Determine port for HTTP service.
	port := os.Getenv("PORT")
	if port == "" {
		port = "8080"
		log.Printf("Defaulting to port %s", port)
	}

	// Start HTTP server.
	log.Printf("Listening on port %s", port)
	if err := http.ListenAndServe(":"+port, nil); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

func scriptHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	cmd := exec.CommandContext(r.Context(), "/bin/sh", "script.sh")
	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
	out, err := cmd.Output()
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(500)
	}
	w.Write(out)
}

Your app is finished and ready to be containerized and uploaded to Container Registry.

Other

Cloud Run supports most languages. For simple samples in languages other than the ones in this table, see the following:

However, in all of these samples, ignore and omit the material about service.yaml and Docker Hub, because Cloud Run does not use these.

Containerizing an app and uploading it to Container Registry

To containerize the sample app, create a new file named Dockerfile in the same directory as the source files, and copy the following content:

Go

run/helloworld/Dockerfile

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# Use the offical golang image to create a binary.
# This is based on Debian and sets the GOPATH to /go.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/golang
FROM golang:1.15-buster as builder

# Create and change to the app directory.
WORKDIR /app

# Retrieve application dependencies.
# This allows the container build to reuse cached dependencies.
# Expecting to copy go.mod and if present go.sum.
COPY go.* ./
RUN go mod download

# Copy local code to the container image.
COPY . ./

# Build the binary.
RUN go build -mod=readonly -v -o server

# Use the official Debian slim image for a lean production container.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/debian
# https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/multistage-build/#use-multi-stage-builds
FROM debian:buster-slim
RUN set -x && apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
    ca-certificates && \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Copy the binary to the production image from the builder stage.
COPY --from=builder /app/server /app/server

# Run the web service on container startup.
CMD ["/app/server"]

Add a .dockerignore file to exclude files from your container image.

run/helloworld/.dockerignore

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# The .dockerignore file excludes files from the container build process.
#
# https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#dockerignore-file

# Exclude locally vendored dependencies.
vendor/

# Exclude "build-time" ignore files.
.dockerignore
.gcloudignore

# Exclude git history and configuration.
.gitignore

Node.js

run/helloworld/Dockerfile

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# Use the official lightweight Node.js 12 image.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/node
FROM node:12-slim

# Create and change to the app directory.
WORKDIR /usr/src/app

# Copy application dependency manifests to the container image.
# A wildcard is used to ensure copying both package.json AND package-lock.json (when available).
# Copying this first prevents re-running npm install on every code change.
COPY package*.json ./

# Install production dependencies.
# If you add a package-lock.json, speed your build by switching to 'npm ci'.
# RUN npm ci --only=production
RUN npm install --only=production

# Copy local code to the container image.
COPY . ./

# Run the web service on container startup.
CMD [ "node", "index.js" ]

Add a .dockerignore file to exclude files from your container image.

run/helloworld/.dockerignore

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Dockerfile
.dockerignore
node_modules
npm-debug.log

Python

The Python Dockerfile starts a Gunicorn web server that listens on the port defined by the PORT environment variable:

run/helloworld/Dockerfile

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# Use the official lightweight Python image.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/python
FROM python:3.9-slim

# Allow statements and log messages to immediately appear in the Knative logs
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED True

# Copy local code to the container image.
ENV APP_HOME /app
WORKDIR $APP_HOME
COPY . ./

# Install production dependencies.
RUN pip install Flask gunicorn

# Run the web service on container startup. Here we use the gunicorn
# webserver, with one worker process and 8 threads.
# For environments with multiple CPU cores, increase the number of workers
# to be equal to the cores available.
CMD exec gunicorn --bind :$PORT --workers 1 --threads 8 --timeout 0 main:app

Add a .dockerignore file to exclude files from your container image.

run/helloworld/.dockerignore

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Dockerfile
README.md
*.pyc
*.pyo
*.pyd
__pycache__
.pytest_cache

Java

run/helloworld/Dockerfile

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# Use the official maven/Java 8 image to create a build artifact.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/maven
FROM maven:3.6-jdk-11 as builder

# Copy local code to the container image.
WORKDIR /app
COPY pom.xml .
COPY src ./src

# Build a release artifact.
RUN mvn package -DskipTests

# Use AdoptOpenJDK for base image.
# It's important to use OpenJDK 8u191 or above that has container support enabled.
# https://hub.docker.com/r/adoptopenjdk/openjdk8
# https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/multistage-build/#use-multi-stage-builds
FROM adoptopenjdk/openjdk11:alpine-slim

# Copy the jar to the production image from the builder stage.
COPY --from=builder /app/target/helloworld-*.jar /helloworld.jar

# Run the web service on container startup.
CMD ["java", "-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom", "-jar", "/helloworld.jar"]

Add a .dockerignore file to exclude files from your container image.

run/helloworld/.dockerignore

View on GitHub Feedback

Dockerfile
.dockerignore
target/

C#

docs/serving/samples/hello-world/helloworld-csharp/Dockerfile

# Use Microsoft's official build .NET image.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/microsoft-dotnet-core-sdk/
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:3.1-alpine AS build
WORKDIR /app

# Install production dependencies.
# Copy csproj and restore as distinct layers.
COPY *.csproj ./
RUN dotnet restore

# Copy local code to the container image.
COPY . ./
WORKDIR /app

# Build a release artifact.
RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out


# Use Microsoft's official runtime .NET image.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/microsoft-dotnet-core-aspnet/
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:3.1-alpine AS runtime
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app/out ./

# Run the web service on container startup.
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "helloworld-csharp.dll"]

To exclude files produced via local dotnet build operations from upload to Cloud Build add a .gcloudignore file in the same directory as the sample app's source files:

run/helloworld/.gcloudignore

# The .gcloudignore file excludes file from upload to Cloud Build.
# If this file is deleted, gcloud will default to .gitignore.
#
# https://cloud.google.com/cloud-build/docs/speeding-up-builds#gcloudignore
# https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/topic/gcloudignore

**/obj/
**/bin/

# Exclude git history and configuration.
.git/
.gitignore

If these lines are in a .gitignore file, you can skip this step because .gitignore is a default source for .gcloudignore configuration.

Copy these lines to a .dockerignore file for local container builds with the docker CLI.

C++

The C++ Dockerfile starts the application listening on the port defined by the PORT environment variable:

cloud-run-hello-world/Dockerfile

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# We chose Alpine to build the image because it has good support for creating
# statically-linked, small programs.
ARG DISTRO_VERSION=edge
FROM alpine:${DISTRO_VERSION} AS base

# Create separate targets for each phase, this allows us to cache intermediate
# stages when using Google Cloud Build, and makes the final deployment stage
# small as it contains only what is needed.
FROM base AS devtools

# Install the typical development tools and some additions:
#   - ninja-build is a backend for CMake that often compiles faster than
#     CMake with GNU Make.
#   - Install the boost libraries.
RUN apk update && \
    apk add \
        boost-dev \
        boost-static \
        build-base \
        cmake \
        git \
        gcc \
        g++ \
        libc-dev \
        nghttp2-static \
        ninja \
        openssl-dev \
        openssl-libs-static \
        tar \
        zlib-static

# Copy the source code to /v/source and compile it.
FROM devtools AS build
COPY . /v/source
WORKDIR /v/source

# Run the CMake configuration step, setting the options to create
# a statically linked C++ program
RUN cmake -S/v/source -B/v/binary -GNinja \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
    -DBoost_USE_STATIC_LIBS=ON \
    -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS=-static

# Compile the binary and strip it to reduce its size.
RUN cmake --build /v/binary
RUN strip /v/binary/cloud_run_hello

# Create the final deployment image, using `scratch` (the empty Docker image)
# as the starting point. Effectively we create an image that only contains
# our program.
FROM scratch AS cloud-run-hello
WORKDIR /r

# Copy the program from the previously created stage and make it the entry point.
COPY --from=build /v/binary/cloud_run_hello /r

ENTRYPOINT [ "/r/cloud_run_hello" ]

PHP

The PHP Dockerfile starts an Apache web server that listens on the port defined by the PORT environment variable:

run/helloworld/Dockerfile

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# Use the official PHP image.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/php
FROM php:7.4-apache

# Configure PHP for Cloud Run.
# Precompile PHP code with opcache.
RUN docker-php-ext-install -j "$(nproc)" opcache
RUN set -ex; \
  { \
    echo "; Cloud Run enforces memory & timeouts"; \
    echo "memory_limit = -1"; \
    echo "max_execution_time = 0"; \
    echo "; File upload at Cloud Run network limit"; \
    echo "upload_max_filesize = 32M"; \
    echo "post_max_size = 32M"; \
    echo "; Configure Opcache for Containers"; \
    echo "opcache.enable = On"; \
    echo "opcache.validate_timestamps = Off"; \
    echo "; Configure Opcache Memory (Application-specific)"; \
    echo "opcache.memory_consumption = 32"; \
  } > "$PHP_INI_DIR/conf.d/cloud-run.ini"

# Copy in custom code from the host machine.
WORKDIR /var/www/html
COPY . ./

# Use the PORT environment variable in Apache configuration files.
# https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/reference/container-contract#port
RUN sed -i 's/80/${PORT}/g' /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/ports.conf

# Configure PHP for development.
# Switch to the production php.ini for production operations.
# RUN mv "$PHP_INI_DIR/php.ini-production" "$PHP_INI_DIR/php.ini"
# https://github.com/docker-library/docs/blob/master/php/README.md#configuration
RUN mv "$PHP_INI_DIR/php.ini-development" "$PHP_INI_DIR/php.ini"

Add a .dockerignore file to exclude files from your container image.

run/helloworld/.dockerignore

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# The .dockerignore file excludes files from the container build process.
#
# https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#dockerignore-file

# Exclude locally vendored dependencies.
vendor/

# Exclude "build-time" ignore files.
.dockerignore
.gcloudignore

# Exclude git history and configuration.
.gitignore

Ruby

run/helloworld/Dockerfile

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# Use the official lightweight Ruby image.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/ruby
FROM ruby:2.7-slim

# Install production dependencies.
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY Gemfile Gemfile.lock ./
ENV BUNDLE_FROZEN=true
RUN gem install bundler && bundle install --without test

# Copy local code to the container image.
COPY . ./

# Run the web service on container startup.
CMD ["ruby", "./app.rb"]

Add a .dockerignore file to exclude files from your container image.

run/helloworld/.dockerignore

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Dockerfile
README.md
.ruby-version
.bundle/
vendor/

Shell

helloworld-shell/Dockerfile

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# Use the offical golang image to create a binary.
# This is based on Debian and sets the GOPATH to /go.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/golang
FROM golang:1.14-buster as builder

# Create and change to the app directory.
WORKDIR /app

# Retrieve application dependencies.
# This allows the container build to reuse cached dependencies.
# Expecting to copy go.mod and if present go.sum.
COPY go.* ./
RUN go mod download

# Copy local code to the container image.
COPY invoke.go ./

# Build the binary.
RUN go build -mod=readonly -v -o server

# Use the official Debian slim image for a lean production container.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/debian
# https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/multistage-build/#use-multi-stage-builds
FROM debian:buster-slim
RUN set -x && apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
    --no-install-recommends \
    ca-certificates && \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Copy the binary to the production image from the builder stage.
COPY --from=builder /app/server /app/server
COPY script.sh ./

# Run the web service on container startup.
CMD ["/app/server"]

Other

Cloud Run supports most languages. For sample Dockerfiles in languages other than the ones in this table, see the following:

However, in those samples, ignore and omit the material about service.yaml and Docker Hub, because Cloud Run does not use these.

Build your container image using Cloud Build, by running the following command from the directory containing the Dockerfile:

gcloud builds submit --tag gcr.io/PROJECT-ID/helloworld

where PROJECT-ID is your GCP project ID. You can get it by running gcloud config get-value project.

Upon success, you will see a SUCCESS message containing the image name (gcr.io/PROJECT-ID/helloworld). The image is stored in Container Registry and can be re-used if desired.

Deploying to Cloud Run

To deploy the container image:

Deploy using the following command:
```
gcloud run deploy --image gcr.io/PROJECT-ID/helloworld --platform managed
```
Replace PROJECT-ID with your GCP project ID. You can view your project ID by running the command gcloud config get-value project.
1. You will be prompted for the service name: press Enter to accept the default name, helloworld.
2. You will be prompted for region: select the region of your choice, for example us-central1.
3. You will be prompted to allow unauthenticated invocations: respond y .
Then wait a few moments until the deployment is complete. On success, the command line displays the service URL.
Visit your deployed container by opening the service URL in a web browser.

Cloud Run locations

Cloud Run is regional, which means the infrastructure that runs your Cloud Run services is located in a specific region and is managed by Google to be redundantly available across all the zones within that region.

Meeting your latency, availability, or durability requirements are primary factors for selecting the region where your Cloud Run services are run. You can generally select the region nearest to your users but you should consider the location of the other Google Cloud products that are used by your Cloud Run service. Using Google Cloud products together across multiple locations can affect your service's latency as well as cost.

Cloud Run is available in the following regions:

Subject to Tier 1 pricing

asia-east1 (Taiwan)
asia-northeast1 (Tokyo)
asia-northeast2 (Osaka)
europe-north1 (Finland)
europe-west1 (Belgium)
europe-west4 (Netherlands)
us-central1 (Iowa)
us-east1 (South Carolina)
us-east4 (Northern Virginia)
us-west1 (Oregon)

Subject to Tier 2 pricing

asia-east2 (Hong Kong)
asia-northeast3 (Seoul, South Korea)
asia-southeast1 (Singapore)
asia-southeast2 (Jakarta)
asia-south1 (Mumbai, India)
australia-southeast1 (Sydney)
europe-west2 (London, UK)
europe-west3 (Frankfurt, Germany)
europe-west6 (Zurich, Switzerland)
northamerica-northeast1 (Montreal)
southamerica-east1 (Sao Paulo, Brazil)

If you already created a Cloud Run service, you can view the region in the Cloud Run dashboard in the Cloud Console.

Congratulations! You have just deployed an application packaged in a container image to Cloud Run. Cloud Run automatically and horizontally scales out your container image to handle the received requests, then scales in when demand decreases. You only pay for the CPU, memory, and networking consumed during request handling.

Clean up

Removing your test project

While Cloud Run does not charge when the service is not in use, you might still be charged for storing the container image in Container Registry. You can delete your image or delete your Cloud project to avoid incurring charges. Deleting your Cloud project stops billing for all the resources used within that project.

In the Cloud Console, go to the Manage resources page.
Go to Manage resources
In the project list, select the project that you want to delete, and then click Delete.
In the dialog, type the project ID, and then click Shut down to delete the project.

What's next

For more information on building a container from code source and pushing to Container Registry, see: