Deploy to a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster

This document describes how to deploy your applications to Google Kubernetes Engine clusters.

Cloud Deploy allows you to deploy your container-based workloads to any Google Kubernetes Engine cluster. All Cloud Deploy features are supported when you deploy to GKE targets.

Before you begin

In this skaffold.yaml file, the deploy stanza includes kubectl, which indicates that Skaffold is rendering for, and deploying to, Kubernetes (GKE). And the manifests you use for this application are listed under there.

Create your target configuration

Each target can be configured in your delivery pipeline YAML, or can be in a separate file. Also, you can configure more than one target in the same file, but they must be in different kind: Target stanzas.

In the target definition, create a gke stanza to point to the GKE cluster:

The syntax for specifying a GKE cluster is as follows:

gke:
 cluster: projects/[project_name]/locations/[location]/clusters/[cluster_name]

This GKE resource identifier uses the following elements:

  • [project_name] is the name of the Google Cloud project in which you're running this cluster.

    The cluster you are deploying to does not need to be in the same project as your delivery pipeline.

  • [location] is the region in which the cluster was created.

  • [cluster_name] is the name given to the cluster when it was created.

    You can find this name in the list of clusters for your project, in the Google Cloud console.

    list of clusters in Google Cloud console

The following is an example target configuration, pointing to a GKE cluster:

      apiVersion: deploy.cloud.google.com/v1
      kind: Target
      metadata:
       name: dev
      description: development cluster
      gke:
       cluster: projects/my-app/locations/us-central1/clusters/my-app-dev-cluster

Create your Skaffold configuration

This section provides and explains an example of a simple Skaffold configuration to use when deploying to a GKE cluster.

The following is an example skaffold.yaml file for deployment to a GKE cluster:

apiVersion: skaffold/v4beta7
kind: Config
metadata: 
  name: gke-application
manifests:
  rawYaml:
  - deployment.yaml
deploy:
  kubectl: {}

Using Skaffold with Cloud Deploy describes in more detail how to use Skaffold with your delivery pipeline.

Prepare your Kubernetes manifests

To deploy your application to GKE, you provide Cloud Deploy with one or more Kubernetes manifests, which are rendered and then applied to the target cluster or clusters to deploy your application.

If you don't have those manifests, create them before you try to deploy using a Cloud Deploy delivery pipeline.

You can use Kustomize or Helm to help you create manifests. You can also use Kustomize or Helm if your manifests are templated and need to be rendered.

Putting it all together

Now that you have your Kubernetes manifests, your skaffold.yaml configuration, and your Cloud Deploy target definitions, and you've registered your targets as Cloud Deploy resources, you can now invoke your delivery pipeline to create a release and progress it through the progression of targets defined in the pipeline.

Deploy to a private cluster

You can deploy your application to a private GKE cluster, using either of two options:

Use a Virtual Private Cloud network

You can configure a target to deploy to a private GKE cluster connected to a Virtual Private Cloud network:

  1. Create your private cluster

    A private cluster is a VPC-native cluster whose nodes and Pods are isolated by default from the public internet.

    If you plan to use the internal IP of the private cluster target, then set internalIp to true under gke in the target configuration.

  2. In Cloud Build, create a private worker pool that you can use to deploy to this private cluster.

  3. Configure the execution environment to use that private pool.

    You must use this pool for RENDER. You can also use it for DEPLOY and for VERIFY. Here's an example that uses RENDER and DEPLOY:

    executionConfigs:
- usages:
  - RENDER
  - DEPLOY
  workerPool: "projects/p123/locations/us-central1/workerPools/wp123"

See Access private GKE clusters from Cloud Build private pools using Identity Service for GKE and Access private GKE clusters with Cloud Build private pools for more information.

Project and permissions considerations

You can configure a target to use a private worker pool that can deploy to a private cluster. But there are some things to note if resources are in different projects.

  • When Cloud Deploy and the worker pool are in separate projects

To communicate with a private pool that has access to a VPC and that's in a different project from your target, the Cloud Deploy service agent needs sufficient permissions to talk to that project.

The execution service account also needs permissions to access the Cloud Storage bucket.

  • When the worker pool and the cluster are in separate projects

If the private GKE cluster is in a different project from the private worker pool, the execution service account requires sufficient permissions to talk to the project the cluster is in.

Use GKE Enterprise targets and connect gateway

You can configure a target to deploy to a private GKE cluster using Anthos targets and connect gateway.

This approach does not require that you use a Virtual Private Cloud or virtual private network connections.

What's next