新增自訂組織政策

本頁說明如何在 Cloud SQL 執行個體中建立、設定及管理自訂限制。如要瞭解自訂機構政策，請參閱這篇文章。

Cloud SQL 支援的資源

本頁說明如何使用 Organization Policy Service 自訂限制，限制對下列 Google Cloud 資源執行的特定作業：

  • sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
  • sqladmin.googleapis.com/BackupRun

如要進一步瞭解機構政策，請參閱自訂機構政策。

關於機構政策和限制

Google Cloud 機構政策服務可讓您透過程式以集中方式控管機構的資源。身為機構政策管理員，您可以定義機構政策，也就是一組稱為「限制」的限制，適用於Google Cloud 資源和Google Cloud 資源階層中這些資源的子系。您可以在機構、資料夾或專案層級強制執行機構政策。

機構政策提供各種 Google Cloud 服務的內建代管限制。不過，如要更精細地自訂機構政策中受限的特定欄位，也可以建立自訂限制，並在機構政策中使用這些自訂限制。

政策繼承

根據預設，機構政策會由您強制執行政策的資源子系繼承。舉例來說，如果您對資料夾強制執行政策， Google Cloud 系統會對該資料夾中的所有專案強制執行政策。如要進一步瞭解這項行為及如何變更，請參閱「階層評估規則」。

事前準備

  1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

  2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Go to project selector

  3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  4. Install the gcloud CLI.

  5. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  6. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command: 

    gcloud init

  7. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Go to project selector

  8. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  9. Install the gcloud CLI.

  10. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  11. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command: 

    gcloud init
  12. 請確認您知道機構 ID。

    13. 必要的角色

    如要取得管理自訂機構政策所需的權限，請要求管理員為您授予機構資源的機構政策管理員 (roles/orgpolicy.policyAdmin) IAM 角色。如要進一步瞭解如何授予角色，請參閱「管理專案、資料夾和機構的存取權」。

    您或許還可透過自訂角色或其他預先定義的角色取得必要權限。

    建立自訂限制

    自訂限制是在 YAML 檔案中定義，當中包含您要強制執行機構政策的服務所支援的資源、方法、條件和動作。自訂限制的條件是使用一般運算語言 (CEL) 定義。如要進一步瞭解如何使用 CEL 在自訂限制中建構條件，請參閱「建立及管理自訂限制」一文的 CEL 一節。

    如要建立自訂限制，請使用下列格式建立 YAML 檔案：

    name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/CONSTRAINT_NAME
resourceTypes:
- RESOURCE_NAME
methodTypes:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
condition: "CONDITION"
actionType: ACTION
displayName: DISPLAY_NAME
description: DESCRIPTION

    更改下列內容：

    • ORGANIZATION_ID：您的機構 ID，例如 123456789。

    • CONSTRAINT_NAME：新自訂限制的名稱。自訂限制條件必須以 custom. 開頭，且只能包含大寫英文字母、小寫英文字母或數字。例如，custom.region。這個欄位的長度上限為 70 個字元。

    • RESOURCE_NAME：包含要限制物件和欄位的Google Cloud 資源完整名稱。例如：sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance。

    • CONDITION：針對支援服務資源的代表項目編寫的 CEL 條件。這個欄位的長度上限為 1000 個字元。如要進一步瞭解可編寫條件的資源，請參閱「支援的資源」。例如："resource.region == "us-central1""。

    • ACTION：如果符合 condition，應採取的動作。可能的值為 ALLOW 和 DENY。

    • DISPLAY_NAME：限制條件的易記名稱。這個欄位的長度上限為 200 個字元。

    • DESCRIPTION：違反政策時，要以錯誤訊息形式顯示的限制說明。這個欄位的長度上限為 2000 個字元。

    如要進一步瞭解如何建立自訂限制，請參閱「定義自訂限制」。

    設定自訂限制

    為新的自訂限制建立 YAML 檔案後，您必須進行設定，才能在貴機構的機構政策中使用該檔案。如要設定自訂限制，請使用 gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint 指令： 
    gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint CONSTRAINT_PATH
     將 CONSTRAINT_PATH 替換為自訂限制檔案的完整路徑。例如：/home/user/customconstraint.yaml。 完成後，自訂限制就會顯示在 Google Cloud 機構政策清單中，做為機構政策使用。如要確認自訂限制存在，請使用 gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints 指令：
    gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID
     將 ORGANIZATION_ID 替換為機構資源的 ID。 詳情請參閱「查看機構政策」。

    強制執行自訂機構政策

    如要強制執行限制，請建立參照該限制的機構政策，然後將該政策套用至 Google Cloud 資源。

    控制台

    1. 前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「Organization policies」(組織政策) 頁面。

      前往「機構政策」

    2. 在專案選擇工具中，選取要設定機構政策的專案。
    3. 在「Organization policies」(機構政策) 頁面上的清單中選取限制條件，即可查看該限制條件的「Policy details」(政策詳情) 頁面。
    4. 如要設定這項資源的機構政策，請按一下「管理政策」。
    5. 在「編輯政策」頁面中，選取「覆寫上層政策」。
    6. 按一下「新增規則」。
    7. 在「Enforcement」(強制執行) 區段中，選取是否要強制執行這項機構政策。
    8. 選用：如要根據標記設定機構政策條件，請按一下「新增條件」。請注意，如果為組織政策新增條件式規則，您必須至少新增一項無條件規則，否則無法儲存政策。詳情請參閱「使用標記設定組織政策」。
    9. 按一下「測試變更」，模擬機構政策的影響。舊版受管理限制不支援政策模擬。詳情請參閱「 使用 Policy Simulator 測試組織政策變更」。
    10. 如要完成並套用機構政策，請按一下「設定政策」。這項政策最多需要 15 分鐘才會生效。

    gcloud

    如要建立含有布林值規則的機構政策，請建立參照限制的政策 YAML 檔案：

          name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policies/CONSTRAINT_NAME
      spec:
        rules:
        - enforce: true

    取代下列項目：

    • PROJECT_ID：要強制執行限制的專案。
    • CONSTRAINT_NAME：您為自訂限制定義的名稱。例如：custom.region。

    如要強制執行包含限制的機構政策，請執行下列指令： 

        gcloud org-policies set-policy POLICY_PATH

    將 POLICY_PATH 替換為機構政策 YAML 檔案的完整路徑。這項政策最多需要 15 分鐘才會生效。

    常見用途的自訂機構政策範例

    下表提供一些常見用途的自訂限制語法：

    說明 限制語法
    確認執行個體為 Enterprise Plus 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.edition
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.edition == 'ENTERPRISE_PLUS'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Instances must be Enterprise Plus.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must be Enterprise Plus.
    確保執行個體的可用性高 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.availability
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.availabilityType == 'REGIONAL'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Instances must be regional.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must be highly available. To do this, make them regional.
    確認執行個體已套用密碼政策。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.enforcePassword
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.enablePasswordPolicy == true"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: The password policy must be enabled for Cloud SQL instances.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must have a password policy.
    確認執行個體的密碼政策設有長度下限 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.passwordMinLength
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.minLength >= 6"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: The password policy must have a minimum length of six characters.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must have a password policy that has a minimum length of six characters.
    確認執行個體已啟用密碼政策複雜度。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.passwordComplexity
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.complexity == 'COMPLEXITY_DEFAULT'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: The password policy complexity must be enabled.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must have a password policy with complex passwords.
    要求啟用 SSL 模式，且僅允許加密連線。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.sslMode
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.ipConfiguration.sslMode == 'ENCRYPTED_ONLY'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Only allow connections that are encrypted with SSL/TLS.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must only allow connections that are encrypted with SSL/TLS.
    禁止從公開網際網路的任何位置存取資料庫。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.authorizedNetworks
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.ipConfiguration.authorizedNetworks.exists(network, network.value == '0.0.0.0/0')"
    actionType: DENY
    displayName: The list of authorized networks can't contain 0.0.0.0/0
    description: Authorized networks for Cloud SQL instances can't contain 0.0.0.0/0. This allows users to access the database from any IP address.
    確保建立執行個體時沒有外部 IP 位址。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.ipv4Enabled
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.ipConfiguration.ipv4Enabled == false"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: ipv4Enabled must be set to false.
    description: Cloud SQL instances can't have an external IP address.
    確認執行個體是以 KMS 金鑰加密。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.encrypted
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.diskEncryptionConfiguration.kmsKeyName.size() > 0"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Instances must be encrypted with a KMS key.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must be disk-encrypted with a KMS key.
    確認執行個體位於 us-central1 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.region
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.region == 'us-central1'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Instances must be in the us-central1 region.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must be in the us-central1 region.
    確認執行個體已啟用資料快取。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.dataCache
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.dataCacheConfig.dataCacheEnabled == true"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Instances must have data cache enabled.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must have data cache enabled.
    強制執行自動備份。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.enableBackups
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.backupConfiguration.enabled == true"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: Automated backups must be enabled.
    description: Cloud SQL instances must have automated backups enabled.
    限制自動備份的位置。 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.automatedBackupLocation
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "resource.settings.backupConfiguration.location == 'us-central1'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: The location of automated backups must be in the us-central1 region.
    description: The location of automated backups for Cloud SQL instances must be in the us-central1 region.
    將隨選備份的位置限制為 us-central1 
        name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.onDemandBackupLocation
    resourceTypes:
    - sqladmin.googleapis.com/BackupRun
    methodTypes:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    condition: "condition: resource.location == 'us-central1'"
    actionType: ALLOW
    displayName: The location of on-demand backups must be in the us-central1 region.
    description: On-demand backups are restricted to the us-central1.

    PostgreSQL 適用的 Cloud SQL 支援的資源

    下表列出可在自訂限制中參照的 PostgreSQL 適用的 Cloud SQL 資源。

    資源 欄位
    sqladmin.googleapis.com/BackupRun resource.description
    resource.location
    sqladmin.googleapis.com/Instance resource.databaseVersion
    resource.diskEncryptionConfiguration.kmsKeyName
    resource.diskEncryptionStatus.kmsKeyVersionName
    resource.failoverReplica.name
    resource.masterInstanceName
    resource.name
    resource.nodeCount
    resource.project
    resource.region
    resource.replicaConfiguration.cascadableReplica
    resource.replicaConfiguration.failoverTarget
    resource.settings.activationPolicy
    resource.settings.activeDirectoryConfig.domain
    resource.settings.advancedMachineFeatures.threadsPerCore
    resource.settings.availabilityType
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.backupRetentionSettings.retainedBackups
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.backupRetentionSettings.retentionUnit
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.binaryLogEnabled
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.enabled
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.location
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.pointInTimeRecoveryEnabled
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.startTime
    resource.settings.backupConfiguration.transactionLogRetentionDays
    resource.settings.collation
    resource.settings.connectionPoolConfig.connectionPoolingEnabled
    resource.settings.connectionPoolConfig.flags.name
    resource.settings.connectionPoolConfig.flags.value
    resource.settings.connectorEnforcement
    resource.settings.databaseFlags.name
    resource.settings.databaseFlags.value
    resource.settings.dataCacheConfig.dataCacheEnabled
    resource.settings.dataDiskProvisionedIops
    resource.settings.dataDiskProvisionedThroughput
    resource.settings.dataDiskSizeGb
    resource.settings.dataDiskType
    resource.settings.deletionProtectionEnabled
    resource.settings.denyMaintenancePeriods.endDate
    resource.settings.denyMaintenancePeriods.startDate
    resource.settings.denyMaintenancePeriods.time
    resource.settings.edition
    resource.settings.enableDataplexIntegration
    resource.settings.enableGoogleMlIntegration
    resource.settings.insightsConfig.queryInsightsEnabled
    resource.settings.insightsConfig.queryPlansPerMinute
    resource.settings.insightsConfig.queryStringLength
    resource.settings.insightsConfig.recordApplicationTags
    resource.settings.insightsConfig.recordClientAddress
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.authorizedNetworks.name
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.authorizedNetworks.value
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.customSubjectAlternativeNames
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.enablePrivatePathForGoogleCloudServices
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.ipv4Enabled
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.privateNetwork
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.pscConfig.allowedConsumerProjects
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.pscConfig.pscAutoConnections.consumerNetwork
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.pscConfig.pscAutoConnections.consumerProject
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.pscConfig.pscEnabled
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.serverCaMode
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.serverCaPool
    resource.settings.ipConfiguration.sslMode
    resource.settings.locationPreference.secondaryZone
    resource.settings.locationPreference.zone
    resource.settings.maintenanceWindow.day
    resource.settings.maintenanceWindow.hour
    resource.settings.maintenanceWindow.updateTrack
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.complexity
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.disallowUsernameSubstring
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.enablePasswordPolicy
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.minLength
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.passwordChangeInterval
    resource.settings.passwordValidationPolicy.reuseInterval
    resource.settings.replicationLagMaxSeconds
    resource.settings.retainBackupsOnDelete
    resource.settings.sqlServerAuditConfig.bucket
    resource.settings.sqlServerAuditConfig.retentionInterval
    resource.settings.sqlServerAuditConfig.uploadInterval
    resource.settings.storageAutoResize
    resource.settings.tier
    resource.settings.timeZone

    後續步驟