本頁面由 Cloud Translation API 翻譯而成。

快速入門：使用 gcloud CLI 部署 Cloud Run 函式

本頁面說明如何使用 gcloud CLI 部署 HTTP Cloud Run 函式。

事前準備

Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

Install the Google Cloud CLI.

注意：如果您先前已安裝 gcloud CLI，請執行 gcloud components update，確認您使用的是最新版本。

如果您使用外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP)，請先使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI。

如要初始化 gcloud CLI，請執行下列指令：

gcloud init

Create or select a Google Cloud project.

Create a Google Cloud project:
```
gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID
```
Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.
Select the Google Cloud project that you created:
```
gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID
```
Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

Enable the Artifact Registry, Cloud Build, Cloud Run Admin API, and Cloud Logging APIs:

gcloud services enable artifactregistry.googleapis.com cloudbuild.googleapis.com run.googleapis.com logging.googleapis.com

Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles: roles/run.sourceDeveloper, roles/run.admin, roles/logging.viewer

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE

Replace the following:

PROJECT_ID: your project ID.
USER_IDENTIFIER: the identifier for your user account—for example, myemail@example.com.
ROLE: the IAM role that you grant to your user account.

Install the Google Cloud CLI.

注意：如果您先前已安裝 gcloud CLI，請執行 gcloud components update，確認您使用的是最新版本。

如果您使用外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP)，請先使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI。

如要初始化 gcloud CLI，請執行下列指令：

gcloud init

Create or select a Google Cloud project.

Create a Google Cloud project:
```
gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID
```
Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.
Select the Google Cloud project that you created:
```
gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID
```
Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

Enable the Artifact Registry, Cloud Build, Cloud Run Admin API, and Cloud Logging APIs:

gcloud services enable artifactregistry.googleapis.com cloudbuild.googleapis.com run.googleapis.com logging.googleapis.com

Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles: roles/run.sourceDeveloper, roles/run.admin, roles/logging.viewer

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE

Replace the following:

PROJECT_ID: your project ID.
USER_IDENTIFIER: the identifier for your user account—for example, myemail@example.com.
ROLE: the IAM role that you grant to your user account.

如要為 Cloud Run 服務設定預設專案：
```
 gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID
```
將 PROJECT_ID 替換為您為本快速入門導覽課程建立的專案名稱。
如果專案受到網域限制組織政策限制，無法進行未經驗證的呼叫，您必須按照「測試私人服務」一節的說明存取已部署的服務。
請確認您已獲得服務身分的服務帳戶使用者角色。根據預設，服務身分是 Compute Engine 預設服務帳戶。
授予角色

如要授予服務身分資源的存取權，請使用 gcloud iam service-accounts add-iam-policy-binding 指令，並將醒目顯示的變數替換為適當的值：
```
      gcloud iam service-accounts add-iam-policy-binding SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL \
          --member="PRINCIPAL" \
          --role="roles/iam.serviceAccountUser"
      
```
更改下列內容：
- SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL：您用來做為服務身分的服務帳戶電子郵件地址，例如：
  - Compute Engine 預設服務帳戶：PROJECT_NUMBER-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com
  - 您建立的服務帳戶：SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com
- PRINCIPAL：使用者 ID。這通常是 Google 帳戶的電子郵件地址。
將下列 IAM 角色授予 Cloud Build 服務帳戶。 <0x
按一下即可查看 Cloud Build 服務帳戶的必要角色

除非您覆寫這項行為，否則 Cloud Build 會自動使用 Compute Engine 預設服務帳戶做為預設的 Cloud Build 服務帳戶，建構您的原始碼和 Cloud Run 資源。如要讓 Cloud Build 建構來源，請要求管理員將 Cloud Run Builder (roles/run.builder) 授予專案中的 Compute Engine 預設服務帳戶：
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID \ --member=serviceAccount:PROJECT_NUMBER-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com \ --role=roles/run.builder
請將 PROJECT_NUMBER 替換為專案編號，並將 PROJECT_ID 替換為專案 ID。 Google CloudGoogle Cloud如需如何找出專案 ID 和專案編號的詳細操作說明，請參閱「建立及管理專案」。

將 Cloud Run 建構者角色授予 Compute Engine 預設服務帳戶後，需要幾分鐘才能傳播。

注意：
iam.automaticIamGrantsForDefaultServiceAccounts 機構政策限制可防止系統自動將編輯者角色授予預設服務帳戶。如果您是在 2024 年 5 月 3 日後建立機構，系統預設會強制執行這項限制。

強烈建議您強制執行這項限制，停用自動授予角色功能。如果停用自動角色授予功能，您必須決定要授予預設服務帳戶哪些角色，然後自行授予這些角色。

如果預設服務帳戶已具備「編輯者」角色，建議您將「編輯者」角色替換為權限較少的角色。如要安全地修改服務帳戶的角色，請使用政策模擬器查看變更的影響，然後授予及撤銷適當的角色。
查看 Cloud Run 定價，或使用 Pricing Calculator 估算費用。

編寫範例函式

如要撰寫申請書，請按照下列步驟操作：

Node.js

建立一個新目錄並命名為 helloworld，然後將目錄變更為該目錄：
```
   mkdir helloworld
   cd helloworld
```

在 helloworld 目錄中建立 package.json 檔案，指定 Node.js 依附元件：

{
  "name": "nodejs-docs-samples-functions-hello-world-get",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "private": true,
  "license": "Apache-2.0",
  "author": "Google Inc.",
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/nodejs-docs-samples.git"
  },
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=16.0.0"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "test": "c8 mocha -p -j 2 test/*.test.js --timeout=6000 --exit"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@google-cloud/functions-framework": "^3.1.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "c8": "^10.0.0",
    "gaxios": "^6.0.0",
    "mocha": "^10.0.0",
    "wait-port": "^1.0.4"
  }
}

在 helloworld 目錄中建立 index.js 檔案，並加入下列 Node.js 範例：

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');

// Register an HTTP function with the Functions Framework that will be executed
// when you make an HTTP request to the deployed function's endpoint.
functions.http('helloGET', (req, res) => {
  res.send('Hello World!');
});

Python

建立一個新目錄並命名為 helloworld，然後將目錄變更為該目錄：
```
   mkdir helloworld
   cd helloworld
```
在 helloworld 目錄中建立 requirements.txt 檔案，指定 Python 依附元件：
```
functions-framework==3.9.2
flask==3.0.3
google-cloud-error-reporting==1.11.1
MarkupSafe==2.1.3
```
這會新增範例所需的套件。

在 helloworld 目錄中建立 main.py 檔案，並加入下列 Python 範例：

import functions_framework

@functions_framework.http
def hello_get(request):
    """HTTP Cloud Function.
    Args:
        request (flask.Request): The request object.
        <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/api/#incoming-request-data>
    Returns:
        The response text, or any set of values that can be turned into a
        Response object using `make_response`
        <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/api/#flask.make_response>.
    Note:
        For more information on how Flask integrates with Cloud
        Functions, see the `Writing HTTP functions` page.
        <https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/writing/http#http_frameworks>
    """
    return "Hello World!"

Go

建立一個新目錄並命名為 helloworld，然後將目錄變更為該目錄：
```
   mkdir helloworld
   cd helloworld
```

建立 go.mod 檔案來宣告 Go 模組：

module github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/golang-samples/functions/functionsv2/helloworld

go 1.23.0

require github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-go v1.8.1

require (
	github.com/cloudevents/sdk-go/v2 v2.15.2 // indirect
	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 // indirect
	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 // indirect
	golang.org/x/time v0.9.0 // indirect
)

在 helloworld 目錄中建立 hello_http.go 檔案，並加入下列 Go 程式碼範例：


// Package helloworld provides a set of Cloud Functions samples.
package helloworld

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-go/functions"
)

func init() {
	functions.HTTP("HelloGet", helloGet)
}

// helloGet is an HTTP Cloud Function.
func helloGet(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello, World!")
}

Java

建立一個新目錄並命名為 helloworld，然後將目錄變更為該目錄：
```
   mkdir helloworld
   cd helloworld
```

建立下列專案結構，內含來源目錄和來源檔案：

mkdir -p ~/helloworld/src/main/java/functions
touch ~/helloworld/src/main/java/functions/HelloWorld.java

使用下列 Java 程式碼範例更新 HelloWorld.java 檔案：


package functions;

import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloWorld implements HttpFunction {
  // Simple function to return "Hello World"
  @Override
  public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response)
      throws IOException {
    BufferedWriter writer = response.getWriter();
    writer.write("Hello World!");
  }
}

在 helloworld 目錄中建立 pom.xml 檔案，並新增下列 Java 依附元件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--
  Copyright 2020 Google LLC

  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  You may obtain a copy of the License at

  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.example.functions</groupId>
  <artifactId>functions-hello-world</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <parent>
    <groupId>com.google.cloud.samples</groupId>
    <artifactId>shared-configuration</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.0</version>
  </parent>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <artifactId>libraries-bom</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
        <scope>import</scope>
        <type>pom</type>
        <version>26.32.0</version>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!-- Required for Function primitives -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.cloud.functions</groupId>
      <artifactId>functions-framework-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- The following dependencies are only required for testing -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.truth</groupId>
      <artifactId>truth</artifactId>
      <version>1.4.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
      <artifactId>guava-testlib</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.10.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <!--
          Google Cloud Functions Framework Maven plugin

          This plugin allows you to run Cloud Functions Java code
          locally. Use the following terminal command to run a
          given function locally:

          mvn function:run -Drun.functionTarget=your.package.yourFunction
        -->
        <groupId>com.google.cloud.functions</groupId>
        <artifactId>function-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>0.11.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <functionTarget>functions.HelloWorld</functionTarget>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <!-- version 3.0.0-M4 does not load JUnit5 correctly -->
        <!-- see https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SUREFIRE-1750 -->
        <version>3.2.5</version>
        <configuration>
          <includes>
            <include>**/*Test.java</include>
          </includes>
          <skipTests>${skipTests}</skipTests>
          <reportNameSuffix>sponge_log</reportNameSuffix>
          <trimStackTrace>false</trimStackTrace>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

Ruby

建立一個新目錄並命名為 helloworld，然後將目錄變更為該目錄：
```
   mkdir helloworld
   cd helloworld
```

建立名為 app.rb 的檔案，將下列程式碼貼入其中：

require "functions_framework"

FunctionsFramework.http "hello_get" do |_request|
  # The request parameter is a Rack::Request object.
  # See https://www.rubydoc.info/gems/rack/Rack/Request

  # Return the response body as a string.
  # You can also return a Rack::Response object, a Rack response array, or
  # a hash which will be JSON-encoded into a response.
  "Hello World!"
end

建立一個檔案並命名為 Gemfile，然後將下列內容複製到檔案中：

source "https://rubygems.org"

gem "base64", "~> 0.2"
gem "functions_framework", "~> 1.4"

如果尚未安裝 Bundler 2.0 以上版本，請安裝 Bundler。
執行下列指令來產生 Gemfile.lock 檔案：
```
bundle install
```

PHP

建立一個新目錄並命名為 helloworld，然後將目錄變更為該目錄：
```
   mkdir helloworld
   cd helloworld
```

建立名為 index.php 的檔案，將下列程式碼貼入其中：


use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;

function helloGet(ServerRequestInterface $request): string
{
    return 'Hello, World!' . PHP_EOL;
}

如果您未使用 Cloud Shell，請建立 composer.json 檔案，並將下列程式碼貼入其中：

{
    "require": {
        "google/cloud-functions-framework": "^1.0"
    },
    "scripts": {
        "start": [
           "Composer\\Config::disableProcessTimeout",
           "FUNCTION_TARGET=helloGet php -S localhost:${PORT:-8080} vendor/google/cloud-functions-framework/router.php"
        ]
    }
}

.NET

安裝 .NET SDK。
在主控台中，使用 dotnet 指令建立新的空白 Web 專案。
```
dotnet new web -o helloworld-csharp
```
將目錄變更為 helloworld-csharp：

將專案檔案 helloworld-csharp.csproj 中的程式碼範例替換成下列程式碼：

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Google.Cloud.Functions.Hosting" Version="3.0.1" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

將 Program.cs 檔案中的程式碼範例替換為下列程式碼：


using Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace HelloWorld;

public class Function : IHttpFunction
{
    public async Task HandleAsync(HttpContext context)
    {
        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!", context.RequestAborted);
    }
}

部署函式

重要事項：本快速入門導覽課程假設您在用於快速入門導覽課程的專案中，具備擁有者或編輯者角色。否則，請參閱 Cloud Run Source Developer 角色，瞭解從來源部署 Cloud Run 資源所需的權限。

如要部署 Cloud Run 函式，請按照下列步驟操作：

在包含程式碼範例的目錄中執行下列指令，即可部署函式：