빌드 환경 변수는 소스 코드에서 배포할 때 구성 정보를 빌드팩에 전달할 수 있는 키-값 쌍입니다. 예를 들어 빌드 시 컴파일러 옵션을 맞춤설정하고, 빌드 시간 인증서를 지정하고, 파라미터를 구성하는 등의 작업을 할 수 있습니다.
이 페이지에서는 빌드 시간에 사용할 수 있는 빌드 환경 변수를 설정하는 방법을 보여줍니다. 이 페이지는 소스에서 Cloud Run 서비스 또는 함수를 배포하는 플랫폼 개발자를 대상으로 합니다. 빌드 환경 변수 gcloud CLI 플래그는 소스 배포(--source)에 지원되며 컨테이너 이미지 배포(--image)에는 지원되지 않습니다.
서비스 또는 함수 구성에 환경 변수를 사용할 수 있지만 데이터베이스 사용자 인증 정보 또는 API 키와 같은 보안 비밀을 저장하는 방법으로는 권장하지 않습니다.
민감한 값은 소스 코드 및 환경 변수 외부에 저장해야 합니다. 보안 비밀을 저장하려면 Secret Manager를 사용하는 것이 좋습니다.
Secret Manager에 저장된 보안 비밀에 액세스하는 서비스를 구성하려면 보안 비밀 구성을 참조하세요.
프로젝트의 서비스 사용량 소비자(roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageConsumer)
Cloud Run 서비스 ID에 대한 서비스 계정 사용자(roles/iam.serviceAccountUser) 역할
Cloud Build 서비스 계정에 필요한 역할을 보려면 클릭
이 동작을 재정의하지 않는 한 Cloud Build는 자동으로 Compute Engine 기본 서비스 계정을 기본 Cloud Build 서비스 계정으로 사용하여 소스 코드와 Cloud Run 리소스를 빌드합니다. Cloud Build에서 소스를 빌드할 수 있게 하려면 관리자에게 프로젝트의 Compute Engine 기본 서비스 계정에 Cloud Run 빌더(roles/run.builder)를 부여해 달라고 요청하세요.
[[["이해하기 쉬움","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["문제가 해결됨","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["기타","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["이해하기 어려움","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["잘못된 정보 또는 샘플 코드","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["필요한 정보/샘플이 없음","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["번역 문제","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["기타","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["최종 업데이트: 2025-09-04(UTC)"],[],[],null,["# Set build environment variables (source deploy)\n\nBuild environment variables are key-value pairs that let you pass configuration\ninformation to [buildpacks](/docs/buildpacks/overview) when deploying\nfrom source code. For example, at build time, you might want to customize\ncompiler options, specify build-time certificates, configure parameters, and so\nforth.\n\nThis page shows how to set build environment variables that are available at\nbuild time, and is relevant for platform developers who are deploying\nCloud Run [services](/run/docs/deploying-source-code) or\n[functions](/run/docs/deploy-functions) from source. The build environment\nvariable gcloud CLI flags are supported for\n[source deployments](/run/docs/deploying-source-code) (`--source`), and not\nsupported for [container image deployments](/run/docs/deploying) (`--image`).\n\nYou can use environment variables for service or function configuration, but we don't\nrecommend them as a way to store secrets such as database credentials or API keys.\nStore sensitive values outside both your source code and environment variables. To\nstore secrets, we recommend using Secret Manager.\nTo configure services that access secrets stored in Secret Manager,\nsee [Configure secrets](/run/docs/configuring/secrets).\n\nBefore you begin\n----------------\n\n- Enable the Cloud Run Admin API and the Cloud Build API:\n\n ```bash\n gcloud services enable run.googleapis.com \\\n cloudbuild.googleapis.com\n ```\n\n After the Cloud Run Admin API is enabled, the Compute Engine default service account is\n automatically created.\n\n### Required roles\n\nYou or your administrator must grant the deployer account and the\nCloud Build service account the following IAM roles. \n\n#### Click to view required roles for the deployer account\n\nTo get the permissions that you need to build and deploy from source,\nask your administrator to grant you the following IAM\nroles:\n\n- [Cloud Run Source Developer](/iam/docs/understanding-roles#run.sourceDeveloper) (`roles/run.sourceDeveloper`) on your project\n- [Service Usage Consumer](/iam/docs/understanding-roles#serviceusage.serviceUsageConsumer) (`roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageConsumer`) on your project\n- [Service Account User](/iam/docs/understanding-roles#iam.serviceAccountUser) (`roles/iam.serviceAccountUser`) on the Cloud Run service identity \n\n#### Click to view required roles for the Cloud Build service account\n\nCloud Build automatically uses the\n[Compute Engine default service\naccount](/build/docs/cloud-build-service-account) as the default Cloud Build service account to build your source code and\nCloud Run resource, unless you override this behavior. For\nCloud Build to build your sources, ask your administrator to grant\n[Cloud Run Builder](/iam/docs/understanding-roles#run.builder)\n(`roles/run.builder`) to the Compute Engine default\nservice account on your project: \n\n```bash\n gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID \\\n --member=serviceAccount:PROJECT_NUMBER-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com \\\n --role=roles/run.builder\n \n```\n\nReplace \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_NUMBER\u003c/var\u003e with your Google Cloud\nproject number, and \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e with your Google Cloud\nproject ID. For detailed instructions on how to find your project ID, and project number,\nsee [Creating\nand managing projects](/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects#identifying_projects).\n\nGranting the Cloud Run builder role to the Compute Engine default service account\ntakes a couple of minutes to [propagate](/iam/docs/access-change-propagation).\n| **Note:**\n|\n|\n| The [`iam.automaticIamGrantsForDefaultServiceAccounts` organization policy constraint](/resource-manager/docs/organization-policy/restricting-service-accounts#disable_service_account_default_grants)\n| prevents the Editor role from being automatically granted to default service accounts. If you\n| created your organization after May 3, 2024, this constraint is enforced by\n| default.\n|\n|\n| We strongly recommend that you enforce this constraint to disable the automatic role grant. If you\n| disable the automatic role grant, you must decide which roles to grant to the default service\n| accounts, and then [grant these roles](/iam/docs/granting-changing-revoking-access)\n| yourself.\n|\n|\n| If the default service account already has the Editor role, we recommend that you replace the\n| Editor role with less permissive roles.To safely modify the service account's roles, use [Policy Simulator](/policy-intelligence/docs/simulate-iam-policies) to see the impact of\n| the change, and then [grant and revoke the\n| appropriate roles](/iam/docs/granting-changing-revoking-access).\n\nFor a list of IAM roles and permissions that are associated with\nCloud Run, see\n[Cloud Run IAM roles](/run/docs/reference/iam/roles)\nand [Cloud Run IAM permissions](/run/docs/reference/iam/permissions).\nIf your Cloud Run service interfaces with\nGoogle Cloud APIs, such as Cloud Client Libraries, see the\n[service identity configuration guide](/run/docs/configuring/services/service-identity).\nFor more information about granting roles, see\n[deployment permissions](/run/docs/reference/iam/roles#additional-configuration)\nand [manage access](/iam/docs/granting-changing-revoking-access).\n\nMaximum number of build environment variables and limits\n--------------------------------------------------------\n\nYou can define up to 100 build environment\nvariables, with a total key and value limit of 64 KiB.\n\nSet build environment variables\n-------------------------------\n\nYou can set build environment variables to establish new variables or completely\nreplace existing build variables.\n**Note:** Keys must start with an uppercase ASCII letter, and consist of uppercase ASCII letters, digits, and underscores. You should avoid creating variable keys with a `GOOGLE_*` prefix. [View all supported buildpacks environment variables](/docs/buildpacks/service-specific-configs). \n\n### gcloud\n\nTo set build environment variables when deploying a service from\nsource code, use the `--set-build-env-vars` flag: \n\n```bash\ngcloud run deploy SERVICE \\\n --source . \\\n --set-build-env-vars KEY1=VALUE1,KEY2=VALUE2\n```\n\nReplace:\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSERVICE\u003c/var\u003e with name of your Cloud Run service.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eKEY1=VALUE1,KEY2=VALUE2\u003c/var\u003e with the comma-separated list of variable names and their values that are deployed alongside a function that let you pass configuration information to buildpacks.\n\nIf you are deploying a function, add the `--function` flag with the function\nentry point from your source code.\n\nUpdate build environment variables\n----------------------------------\n\nYou can update build environment variables for existing services. This is a\nnon-destructive approach that changes or adds build environment variables, but\ndoes not delete the build environment variables. \n\n### gcloud\n\nTo update build environment variables for existing services, use the\n`--update-build-env-vars` flag: \n\n```bash\ngcloud run deploy SERVICE \\\n --source . \\\n --update-build-env-vars KEY1=VALUE1,KEY2=VALUE2\n```\n\nIf you are deploying a function, add the `--function` flag with the function\nentry point from your source code.\n\nDelete build environment variables\n----------------------------------\n\nYou can delete build environment variables for existing services. \n\n### gcloud\n\nTo remove build environment variables for existing services, use the\n`--remove-build-env-vars` flag: \n\n```bash\ngcloud run deploy SERVICE \\\n --source . \\\n --remove-build-env-vars KEY1=VALUE1,KEY2=VALUE2\n```\n\nAlternatively, you can clear build environment variables by using the\n`--clear-build-env-vars` for existing services: \n\n```bash\ngcloud run deploy SERVICE \\\n --source . \\\n --clear-build-env-vars KEY1=VALUE1,KEY2=VALUE2\n```\n\nIf you are deploying a function, add the `--function` flag with the function\nentry point from your source code.\n\nUse a build environment variables file\n--------------------------------------\n\nYou can use a build environment variables file for existing functions. \n\n### gcloud\n\nTo set build environment variables from a file, use the\n`--build-env-vars-file` flag: \n\n```bash\ngcloud run deploy SERVICE \\\n --source . \\\n --build-env-vars-file FILE_NAME.yaml\n```\n\nReplace \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eFILE_NAME\u003c/var\u003e.yaml where the contents of the file, which\nshould look as follows: \n\n KEY1: VALUE1\n KEY2: VALUE2\n\nIf you are deploying a function, add the `--function` flag with the function\nentry point from your source code."]]
