데이터 순서 지정 및 제한

Firestore는 컬렉션에서 검색할 문서를 지정할 수 있는 강력한 쿼리 기능을 제공합니다. 데이터 가져오기의 설명대로 이러한 쿼리를 get() 또는 addSnapshotListener()와 함께 사용할 수도 있습니다.

데이터 정렬 및 제한

기본적으로 쿼리는 쿼리 조건에 맞는 모든 문서를 문서 ID에 따라 오름차순으로 검색합니다. orderBy()를 사용하여 데이터의 정렬 순서를 지정하고 limit()를 사용하여 검색된 문서 수를 제한할 수 있습니다.

예를 들어 알파벳순으로 처음 3개 도시를 쿼리하는 방법은 다음과 같습니다.

웹 버전 9

import { query, orderBy, limit } from "firebase/firestore";

const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("name"), limit(3));order_and_limit.js

웹 버전 8

citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3);test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef.order(by: "name").limit(to: 3)ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[[citiesRef queryOrderedByField:@"name"] queryLimitedTo:3];ViewController.m

자바
Android

citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3);DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX
Android

citiesRef.orderBy("name").limit(3)DocSnippets.kt

자바

Query query = cities.orderBy("name").limit(3);
Query query = cities.orderBy("name").limitToLast(3);QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.order_by("name").limit_to_last(2)
results = query.get()snippets.py

Python
(비동기)

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.order_by("name").limit_to_last(2)
results = await query.get()snippets.py

C++

cities_ref.OrderBy("name").Limit(3);snippets.cpp

Node.js

const firstThreeRes = await citiesRef.orderBy('name').limit(3).get();index.js

Go

query := cities.OrderBy("name", firestore.Asc).Limit(3)
query := cities.OrderBy("name", firestore.Asc).LimitToLast(3)query.go

PHP

$query = $citiesRef->orderBy('name')->limit(3);query_order_limit.php

Unity

Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("Name").Limit(3);

C#

Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("Name").Limit(3);Program.cs

Ruby

query = cities_ref.order("name").limit(3)order_limit_data.rb

내림차순으로 정렬하여 마지막 3개 도시를 가져올 수도 있습니다.

웹 버전 9

import { query, orderBy, limit } from "firebase/firestore";

const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("name", "desc"), limit(3));order_and_limit_desc.js

웹 버전 8

citiesRef.orderBy("name", "desc").limit(3);test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef.order(by: "name", descending: true).limit(to: 3)ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[[citiesRef queryOrderedByField:@"name" descending:YES] queryLimitedTo:3];ViewController.m

자바
Android

citiesRef.orderBy("name", Direction.DESCENDING).limit(3);DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX
Android

citiesRef.orderBy("name", Query.Direction.DESCENDING).limit(3)DocSnippets.kt

자바

Query query = cities.orderBy("name", Direction.DESCENDING).limit(3);QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
query = cities_ref.order_by(
    u'name', direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING).limit(3)
results = query.stream()snippets.py

Python
(비동기)

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.order_by("name", direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING).limit(3)
results = query.stream()snippets.py

C++

cities_ref.OrderBy("name", Query::Direction::kDescending).Limit(3);snippets.cpp

Node.js

const lastThreeRes = await citiesRef.orderBy('name', 'desc').limit(3).get();index.js

Go

query := cities.OrderBy("name", firestore.Desc).Limit(3)query.go

PHP

$query = $citiesRef->orderBy('name', 'DESC')->limit(3);query_order_desc_limit.php

Unity

Query query = citiesRef.OrderByDescending("Name").Limit(3);

C#

Query query = citiesRef.OrderByDescending("Name").Limit(3);Program.cs

Ruby

query = cities_ref.order("name", "desc").limit(3)order_limit_data.rb

여러 필드를 기준으로 정렬할 수도 있습니다. 예를 들어 주를 기준으로 정렬한 후 각 주 안에서 인구에 따라 내림차순으로 정렬하는 방법은 다음과 같습니다.

웹 버전 9

import { query, orderBy } from "firebase/firestore";

const q = query(citiesRef, orderBy("state"), orderBy("population", "desc"));order_multiple.js

웹 버전 8

citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", "desc");test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef
    .order(by: "state")
    .order(by: "population", descending: true)ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[[citiesRef queryOrderedByField:@"state"] queryOrderedByField:@"population" descending:YES];ViewController.m

자바
Android

citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", Direction.DESCENDING);DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX
Android

citiesRef.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", Query.Direction.DESCENDING)DocSnippets.kt

자바

Query query = cities.orderBy("state").orderBy("population", Direction.DESCENDING);QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
cities_ref.order_by(u'state').order_by(
    u'population', direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING)snippets.py

Python
(비동기)

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
cities_ref.order_by("state").order_by(
    "population", direction=firestore.Query.DESCENDING
)snippets.py

C++

cities_ref.OrderBy("state").OrderBy("name", Query::Direction::kDescending);snippets.cpp

Node.js

const byStateByPopRes = await citiesRef.orderBy('state').orderBy('population', 'desc').get();index.js

Go

query := client.Collection("cities").OrderBy("state", firestore.Asc).OrderBy("population", firestore.Desc)query.go

PHP

$query = $citiesRef->orderBy('state')->orderBy('population', 'DESC');query_order_multi.php

Unity

Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("State").OrderByDescending("Population");

C#

Query query = citiesRef.OrderBy("State").OrderByDescending("Population");Program.cs

Ruby

query = cities_ref.order("state").order("population", "desc")order_limit_data.rb

where() 필터를 orderBy() 및 limit()와 결합할 수 있습니다. 다음 예시의 쿼리에서는 인구 기준을 정의하고, 인구를 오름차순으로 정렬하며, 기준을 초과하는 처음 몇 개의 결과만 반환합니다.

웹 버전 9

import { query, where, orderBy, limit } from "firebase/firestore";

const q = query(citiesRef, where("population", ">", 100000), orderBy("population"), limit(2));filter_and_order.js

웹 버전 8

citiesRef.where("population", ">", 100000).orderBy("population").limit(2);test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef
    .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 100000)
    .order(by: "population")
    .limit(to: 2)ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@100000]
    queryOrderedByField:@"population"]
    queryLimitedTo:2];ViewController.m

자바
Android

citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("population").limit(2);DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX
Android

citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("population").limit(2)DocSnippets.kt

자바

Query query = cities.whereGreaterThan("population", 2500000L).orderBy("population").limit(2);QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
query = cities_ref.where(
    u'population', u'>', 2500000).order_by(u'population').limit(2)
results = query.stream()snippets.py

Python
(비동기)

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2500000).order_by("population").limit(2)
results = query.stream()snippets.py

C++

cities_ref.WhereGreaterThan("population", FieldValue::Integer(100000))
    .OrderBy("population")
    .Limit(2);snippets.cpp

Node.js

const biggestRes = await citiesRef.where('population', '>', 2500000)
  .orderBy('population').limit(2).get();index.js

Go

query := cities.Where("population", ">", 2500000).OrderBy("population", firestore.Desc).Limit(2)query.go

PHP

$query = $citiesRef
    ->where('population', '>', 2500000)
    ->orderBy('population')
    ->limit(2);query_order_limit_field_valid.php

Unity

Query query = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
    .OrderBy("Population")
    .Limit(2);

C#

Query query = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
    .OrderBy("Population")
    .Limit(2);Program.cs

Ruby

query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2_500_000).order("population").limit(2)order_limit_data.rb

그러나 필터에 범위 비교(<, <=, >, >=)가 포함된 경우 동일한 필드를 기준으로 1차 정렬이 이루어져야 합니다. 아래의 orderBy() 제한사항 목록을 참조하세요.

제한사항

orderBy() 절에 대한 다음 제한사항에 유의하세요.

orderBy() 절은 특정 필드의 존재 여부도 필터링합니다. 결과 집합에는 지정된 필드가 포함되지 않은 문서가 제외됩니다.

필터에 범위 비교(<, <=, >, >=)가 포함된 경우 동일한 필드를 기준으로 1차 정렬이 이루어져야 합니다.

올바른 방법: 동일한 필드에 범위 필터 및 orderBy 사용

웹 버전 9

import { query, where, orderBy } from "firebase/firestore";

const q = query(citiesRef, where("population", ">", 100000), orderBy("population"));valid_filter_and_order.js

웹 버전 8

citiesRef.where("population", ">", 100000).orderBy("population");test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef
    .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 100000)
    .order(by: "population")ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@100000]
    queryOrderedByField:@"population"];ViewController.m

자바
Android

citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("population");DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX
Android

citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("population")DocSnippets.kt

자바

Query query = cities.whereGreaterThan("population", 2500000L).orderBy("population");QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
query = cities_ref.where(
    u'population', u'>', 2500000).order_by(u'population')
results = query.stream()snippets.py

Python
(비동기)

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2500000).order_by("population")
results = query.stream()snippets.py

Node.js

citiesRef.where('population', '>', 2500000).orderBy('population');index.js

Go

query := cities.Where("population", ">", 2500000).OrderBy("population", firestore.Asc)query.go

PHP

$query = $citiesRef
    ->where('population', '>', 2500000)
    ->orderBy('population');query_order_with_filter.php

Unity

Query query = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
    .OrderBy("Population");

C#

Query query = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
    .OrderBy("Population");Program.cs

Ruby

query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2_500_000).order("population")order_limit_data.rb

잘못된 방법: 서로 다른 필드에 범위 필터 및 1차 orderBy 사용

웹 버전 9

import { query, where, orderBy } from "firebase/firestore";

const q = query(citiesRef, where("population", ">", 100000), orderBy("country"));invalid_filter_and_order.js

웹 버전 8

citiesRef.where("population", ">", 100000).orderBy("country");test.firestore.js

Swift

citiesRef
    .whereField("population", isGreaterThan: 100000)
    .order(by: "country")ViewController.swift

Objective-C

[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThan:@100000] queryOrderedByField:@"country"];ViewController.m

자바
Android

citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("country");DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX
Android

citiesRef.whereGreaterThan("population", 100000).orderBy("country")DocSnippets.kt

자바

Query query = cities.whereGreaterThan("population", 2500000L).orderBy("country");QueryDataSnippets.java

Python

cities_ref = db.collection(u'cities')
query = cities_ref.where(u'population', u'>', 2500000).order_by(u'country')
results = query.stream()snippets.py

Python
(비동기)

cities_ref = db.collection("cities")
query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2500000).order_by("country")
results = query.stream()snippets.py

C++

// BAD EXAMPLE -- will crash the program:
cities_ref.WhereGreaterThan("population", FieldValue::Integer(100000))
    .OrderBy("country");snippets.cpp

Node.js

citiesRef.where('population', '>', 2500000).orderBy('country');index.js

Go

// Note: This is an invalid query. It violates the constraint that range
// and order by are required to be on the same field.
query := cities.Where("population", ">", 2500000).OrderBy("country", firestore.Asc)query.go

PHP

$invalidRangeQuery = $citiesRef
    ->where('population', '>', 2500000)
    ->orderBy('country');query_order_field_invalid.php

Unity

Query query = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
    .OrderBy("Country");

C#

Query query = citiesRef
    .WhereGreaterThan("Population", 2500000)
    .OrderBy("Country");Program.cs

Ruby

query = cities_ref.where("population", ">", 2_500_000).order("country")order_limit_data.rb

등호(=) 또는 in 절에 포함된 필드별로 쿼리 순서를 지정할 수 없습니다.

데이터 순서 지정 및 제한

데이터 정렬 및 제한

웹 버전 9

웹 버전 8

Swift

Objective-C

자바Android

Kotlin+KTXAndroid

자바

Python

Python(비동기)

C++

Node.js

Go

PHP

Unity

C#

Ruby

웹 버전 9

웹 버전 8

Swift

Objective-C

자바Android

Kotlin+KTXAndroid

자바

Python

Python(비동기)

C++

Node.js

Go

PHP

Unity

C#

Ruby

웹 버전 9

웹 버전 8

Swift

Objective-C

자바Android

Kotlin+KTXAndroid

자바

Python

Python(비동기)

C++

Node.js

Go

PHP

Unity

C#

Ruby

웹 버전 9

웹 버전 8

Swift

Objective-C

자바Android

Kotlin+KTXAndroid

자바

Python

Python(비동기)

C++

Node.js

Go

PHP

Unity

C#

Ruby

제한사항

웹 버전 9

웹 버전 8

Swift

Objective-C

자바Android

Kotlin+KTXAndroid

자바

Python

Python(비동기)

Node.js

Go

PHP

Unity

자바
Android

Kotlin+KTX
Android

Python
(비동기)

자바
Android

Kotlin+KTX
Android

Python
(비동기)

자바
Android

Kotlin+KTX
Android

Python
(비동기)

자바
Android

Kotlin+KTX
Android

Python
(비동기)

자바
Android

Kotlin+KTX
Android

Python
(비동기)

자바
Android

Kotlin+KTX
Android

Python
(비동기)