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Cuando defines las propiedades para la configuración o las plantillas, puedes usar referencias a las propiedades de otros recursos en lugar de proporcionar valores de manera directa. Por ejemplo, si deseas crear un administrador de grupo de instancias que usa una plantilla de instancias de la misma implementación, puedes usar una referencia con la sintaxis $(ref.instance-template.selfLink) en vez de escribir el vínculo completo de manera explícita.
Con referencias, puedes:
Acceder a propiedades que no se definen hasta que se crea el recurso. Por ejemplo, cuando defines una máquina virtual en la configuración, aún no conoces su dirección IP. Sin embargo, todavía puedes usar una referencia a la dirección IP. Cuando implementas la configuración, primero se crea la VM y Deployment Manager obtiene la dirección IP externa cuando está disponible.
Haz que la lectura y la solución de problemas de las configuraciones o las plantillas sean más fáciles.
Por ejemplo, si necesitas configurar varias reglas de reenvío, también debes especificar la red que se usará. En lugar de proporcionar un vínculo a la red para cada regla de reenvío, puedes crear una referencia a la propiedad selfLink de la red con la siguiente sintaxis:
$(ref.network-name.selfLink)
Si necesitas solucionar problemas de configuración, la referencia permite saber con mayor facilidad qué red se usa en la regla de reenvío.
Cuando creas una referencia a un recurso, también creas una dependencia entre recursos. Por ejemplo, considera el siguiente fragmento, en el que sandbox-vm usa una referencia a network-a:
Cuando implementas esta configuración, Deployment Manager crea network-a antes de sandbox-vm para que la referencia pueda resolverse. Si las referencias no se resuelven de manera correcta, se produce un error en la implementación.
Puedes utilizar referencias en configuraciones y plantillas.
Establecer referencias en los archivos de configuración
Anuncia las referencias en la configuración con el uso del siguiente formato:
$(ref.RESOURCE_NAME.PROPERTY)
En el siguiente ejemplo se crea una red y, a continuación, se crean dos instancias que utilizan referencias a la red recién creada. En este ejemplo, la referencia es:
$(ref.a-new-network.selfLink)
# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.## Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.# You may obtain a copy of the License at## http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and# limitations under the License.resources:-name:the-first-vmtype:compute.v1.instanceproperties:zone:us-central1-fmachineType:https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/MY_PROJECT/zones/us-central1-f/machineTypes/f1-microdisks:-deviceName:boottype:PERSISTENTboot:trueautoDelete:trueinitializeParams:sourceImage:https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11networkInterfaces:# The resource's "network value" has been replaced with a# reference to the new network's "selfLink" property. The network # resource has been added to the end of this file.-network:$(ref.a-new-network.selfLink)accessConfigs:-name:External NATtype:ONE_TO_ONE_NAT-name:the-second-vmtype:compute.v1.instanceproperties:zone:us-central1-fmachineType:https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/MY_PROJECT/zones/us-central1-f/machineTypes/g1-smalldisks:-deviceName:boottype:PERSISTENTboot:trueautoDelete:trueinitializeParams:sourceImage:https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11networkInterfaces:# As in the resource above, the "network" value has been replaced with # the new network's "selfLink" property. -network:$(ref.a-new-network.selfLink)accessConfigs:-name:External NATtype:ONE_TO_ONE_NAT# The following network is a new resource added to the "two-vms.yaml" file.-name:a-new-networktype:compute.v1.networkproperties:routingConfig:routingMode:REGIONALautoCreateSubnetworks:true
Cuando implementas esta configuración, la red se crea antes de las dos instancias y la referencia se resuelve en el selfLink del recurso de red.
Establecer referencias en las plantillas
En los archivos de plantilla, toda la referencia debe ir precedida por $ y, a continuación, debe estar dentro de un conjunto de paréntesis:
$(ref.RESOURCE_NAME.PROPERTY)
Puedes combinar referencias con otras características como propiedades de plantilla y variables de entorno. Para asegurarte de que Deployment Manager analiza la referencia de manera correcta, es importante recordar mantener toda la string de referencia entre paréntesis.
Estos son algunos ejemplos sobre el anuncio de referencias en las plantillas:
[[["Fácil de comprender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Resolvió mi problema","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Otro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Información o código de muestra incorrectos","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Faltan la información o los ejemplos que necesito","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema de traducción","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Otro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última actualización: 2025-09-03 (UTC)"],[[["\u003cp\u003eReferences allow you to use properties of other resources in your configurations or templates instead of hardcoding values, improving readability and maintainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eUsing references lets you access properties that are determined during resource creation, such as a virtual machine's IP address, which is not known beforehand.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eReferences create dependencies between resources, meaning Deployment Manager will automatically create resources in the correct order to resolve the references.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eReferences are declared using the format \u003ccode\u003e$(ref.RESOURCE_NAME.PROPERTY)\u003c/code\u003e in configurations and templates, and can be combined with template properties and environment variables.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou cannot use references within the name field of a resource, and the processed value of a reference cannot be used in your Python or Jinja code, only after the deployment creation or update.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Using references\n\nWhen you define the properties for your configuration or templates, you can\nuse **references** to the properties of other resources instead of directly\nproviding values. For example, if you want to create an instance group manager\nthat uses an instance template from the same deployment, instead of explicitly\ntyping the full link for the instance template, you can use a reference with the\nsyntax `$(ref.instance-template.selfLink)`.\n\nWith references, you can:\n\n- Access properties that are not defined until the resource is created. For\n example, when you define a virtual machine in your configuration, you do not\n yet know its IP address. However, you can still use a reference to the IP\n address. When you deploy your configuration, the VM is created first, and\n Deployment Manager gets the external IP address when it is available.\n\n- Make your configurations or templates easier to read and troubleshoot.\n For example, if you need to configure multiple forwarding rules, you must\n also specify a network to use. Instead of providing a link to the network\n for each forwarding rule, you can create a reference to the network's\n `selfLink` property using the following syntax:\n\n $(ref.network-name.selfLink)\n\n If you need to troubleshoot your configuration, the reference makes it easier\n to tell which network is being used in the forwarding rule.\n\nWhen you create a reference to a resource, you also create a dependency between\nresources. For example, consider the following snippet, where `sandbox-vm` uses\na reference to `network-a`: \n\n resources:\n - name: sandbox-vm\n type: compute.v1.instance\n properties:\n network: $(ref.network-a.selfLink)\n ...\n ...\n - name: network-a\n type: compute.v1.network\n properties:\n ...\n\nWhen you deploy this configuration, Deployment Manager creates `network-a`\nbefore `sandbox-vm`, so that the reference can be resolved. If any references\ndo not resolve successfully, your deployment fails.\n\nYou can use references in both configurations and templates.\n| **Note:** To avoid errors, don't use a reference within the name field of a resource.\n\nBefore you begin\n----------------\n\n- If you want to use the command-line examples in this guide, install the [\\`gcloud\\` command-line tool](/sdk).\n- If you want to use the API examples in this guide, set up [API access](/deployment-manager/docs/reference/latest).\n- Be familiar with [creating a configuration](/deployment-manager/docs/configuration/create-basic-configuration).\n- Be familiar with [creating a basic template](/deployment-manager/docs/configuration/templates/create-basic-template).\n\nMaking references in configuration files\n----------------------------------------\n\nDeclare references in your configuration using the following format: \n\n $(ref.RESOURCE_NAME.PROPERTY)\n\nThe following example creates a network, and then creates two\ninstances that use references to the newly created network. In this example,\nthe reference is: \n\n $(ref.a-new-network.selfLink)\n\n # Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.\n #\n # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n # You may obtain a copy of the License at\n #\n # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n #\n # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n # distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n # limitations under the License.\n\n resources:\n - name: the-first-vm\n type: compute.v1.instance\n properties:\n zone: us-central1-f\n machineType: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/MY_PROJECT/zones/us-central1-f/machineTypes/f1-micro\n disks:\n - deviceName: boot\n type: PERSISTENT\n boot: true\n autoDelete: true\n initializeParams:\n sourceImage: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11\n networkInterfaces:\n # The resource's \"network value\" has been replaced with a\n # reference to the new network's \"selfLink\" property. The network \n # resource has been added to the end of this file.\n - network: $(ref.a-new-network.selfLink)\n accessConfigs:\n - name: External NAT\n type: ONE_TO_ONE_NAT\n - name: the-second-vm\n type: compute.v1.instance\n properties:\n zone: us-central1-f\n machineType: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/MY_PROJECT/zones/us-central1-f/machineTypes/g1-small\n disks:\n - deviceName: boot\n type: PERSISTENT\n boot: true\n autoDelete: true\n initializeParams:\n sourceImage: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11\n networkInterfaces:\n # As in the resource above, the \"network\" value has been replaced with \n # the new network's \"selfLink\" property. \n - network: $(ref.a-new-network.selfLink)\n accessConfigs:\n - name: External NAT\n type: ONE_TO_ONE_NAT\n # The following network is a new resource added to the \"two-vms.yaml\" file.\n - name: a-new-network\n type: compute.v1.network\n properties:\n routingConfig:\n routingMode: REGIONAL\n autoCreateSubnetworks: true\n\nWhen you deploy this configuration, the network is created before the two\ninstances, and the reference resolves to the `selfLink` of the network resource.\n\nMaking references in templates\n------------------------------\n\nIn template files, the entire reference must be preceded by a `$` and then\ncontained within a set of parentheses: \n\n $(ref.RESOURCE_NAME.PROPERTY)\n\nYou can combine references with other features like template properties\nand environment variables. To make sure that Deployment Manager parses the\nreference correctly, it is important to remember to keep your entire reference\nstring within the parentheses.\n| **Note:** Your reference declaration is evaluated after your template is processed and the [expanded configuration is created](/deployment-manager/docs/deployments/viewing-manifest#expanded_configuration), so you can't use the processed value of a reference in your Python or Jinja code. If you need to get the value of a reference after you create or update a deployment, consider [exposing the value as an output](/deployment-manager/docs/configuration/expose-information-outputs) and accessing the value after the create or update operation.\n\nHere are some examples of declaring references in your templates: \n\n### Jinja\n\n- Reference that includes an environment variable\n\n network: $(ref.{{ env[\"deployment\"] }}-network.selfLink)\n\n- Reference to a value in an array\n\n subnetwork: $(ref.{{ env[\"deployment\"] }}-vm.networkInterfaces[2].subnetwork)\n\n- Reference that includes a [template property](/deployment-manager/docs/configuration/templates/define-template-properties)\n\n network: $(ref.{{ properties[\"network\"] }}.selfLink)\n\n- Reference using a Jinja parameter\n\n network: $(ref.{{ NETWORK_NAME }}.selfLink)\n\n- Reference in [outputs](/deployment-manager/docs/configuration/expose-information-outputs)\n\n outputs:\n - name: UrlToService\n value: http://$(ref.{{ env[\"deployment\"] }}-network.networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIp):8080/\n\n### Python\n\n- Reference that includes an environment variable\n\n 'network': '$(ref.' + context.env['deployment'] + '-network.selfLink)'\n\n- Reference to a value in an array\n\n 'subnetwork': '$(ref.' + context.env['deployment'] + '-vm.networkInterfaces[2].subnetwork)'\n\n- Reference that includes a [template property](/deployment-manager/docs/configuration/templates/define-template-properties)\n\n 'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['network'] + '.selfLink)'\n\n- Reference using a Python parameter\n\n 'value': '$(ref.' + base_name + '.networkInterfaces[0].networkIP)'\n\n- Reference in [outputs](/deployment-manager/docs/configuration/expose-information-outputs)\n\n outputs = [{'name': 'UrlToService',\n 'value': '$(ref.' + context.env['deployment'] + '-network.networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP):8080'}]\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- [Preview your configuration](/deployment-manager/docs/configuration/preview-configuration-file) before you commit to deploying it.\n- [Create a deployment](/deployment-manager/docs/deployments).\n- Learn more about [templates](/deployment-manager/docs/configuration/templates/create-basic-template)."]]