使用范围和不等式过滤条件针对多个属性优化查询

本页面提供了索引策略示例。对于针对多个字段使用范围和不等式过滤条件的查询，您可以使用这些策略来打造高效的查询体验。

在优化查询之前，请先了解针对多个属性的范围和不等式过滤条件概念。

使用 Query Explain 优化查询

如需确定使用的查询和索引是否为最佳，您可以使用 Query Explain 创建查询并查看执行摘要。

Java

...
// Build the query
Query<Entity> query =
    Query.newEntityQueryBuilder()
        .setKind("employees")
        .setFilter(
            CompositeFilter.and(
                PropertyFilter.gt("salary", 100000), PropertyFilter.gt("experience", 0)))
        .setOrderBy(OrderBy("experience"), OrderBy("salary"))
        .build();

// Set the explain options to get back *only* the plan summary
ExplainResults<Entity> explainResults = datastore.run(query, ExplainOptions.newBuilder().build());

// Get the explain metrics
Optional<ExplainMetrics> explainMetrics = results.getExplainMetrics();
if (!explainMetrics.isPresent()) {
  throw new Exception("No explain metrics returned");
}

// Get the plan summary
PlanSummary planSummary = explainMetrics.get().getPlanSummary();
List<Map<String, Object>> indexesUsed = planSummary.getIndexesUsed();
System.out.println("----- Indexes Used -----");
indexesUsed.forEach(map -> map.forEach((s, o) -> System.out.println(s + ": " + o)));

// Get the execution stats
if (!explainMetrics.getExecutionStats().isPresent()) {
  throw new Exception("No execution stats returned");
}

ExecutionStats queryStats = explainMetrics.getExecutionStats().get();
Map<String, Object> debugStats = queryStats.getDebugStats();
System.out.println("----- Debug Stats -----");
debugStats.forEach((s, o) -> System.out.println(s + ": " + o));

以下示例展示了如何使用正确的索引排序来减少 Datastore 模式 Firestore 扫描的实体数。

简单查询

在前面的示例中，使用 (salary, experience) 索引运行的简单查询如下所示：

GQL

SELECT *
FROM /employees
WHERE salary > 100000 AND experience > 0
ORDER BY experience, salary;

Java

Query<Entity> query =
   Query.newEntityQueryBuilder()
    .setKind("employees")
    .setFilter(
        CompositeFilter.and(
            PropertyFilter.gt("salary", 100000), PropertyFilter.gt("experience", 0)))
    .setOrderBy(OrderBy("experience"), OrderBy("salary"))
    .build();

该查询仅扫描 95,000 个索引条目，以返回 5 个实体。系统读取了大量索引条目，但因不符合查询谓词而被滤除。

// Output query planning info
{
        "indexesUsed": [
            {
                "query_scope": "Collection Group",
                "properties": "(experience ASC, salary ASC, __name__ ASC)"
            }
        ]
    },
    // Output Query Execution Stats
    {
        "resultsReturned": "5",
        "executionDuration": "2.5s",
        "readOperations": "100",
        "debugStats": {
            "index_entries_scanned": "95000",
            "documents_scanned": "5",
            "billing_details": {
                "documents_billable": "5",
                "index_entries_billable": "95000",
                "small_ops": "0",
                "min_query_cost": "0"
            }
        }
    }

根据前面的示例，我们可以推断出 salary 约束条件比 experience 约束条件更具有选择性。

GQL

SELECT *
FROM /employees
WHERE salary > 100000 AND experience > 0
ORDER BY salary, experience;

Java

Query<Entity> query =
   Query.newEntityQueryBuilder()
    .setKind("employees")
    .setFilter(
        CompositeFilter.and(
            PropertyFilter.gt("salary", 100000), PropertyFilter.gt("experience", 0)))
    .setOrderBy(OrderBy("salary"), OrderBy("experience"))
    .build();

当您按之前的顺序显式使用 orderBy() 子句添加谓词时，Datastore 模式 Firestore 会使用 (salary, experience) 索引来运行查询。因此，由于选择第一个范围过滤条件优于前一个查询，因此查询的运行速度更快，而且成本效益更高。

    // Output query planning info
{
    "indexesUsed": [
        {
            "query_scope": "Collection Group",
            "properties": "(salary ASC, experience ASC, __name__ ASC)"
        }
    ],
    // Output Query Execution Stats
        "resultsReturned": "5",
        "executionDuration": "0.2s",
        "readOperations": "6",
        "debugStats": {
            "index_entries_scanned": "1000",
            "documents_scanned": "5",
            "billing_details": {
                "documents_billable": "5",
                "index_entries_billable": "1000",
                "small_ops": "0",
                "min_query_cost": "0"
            }
        }
    }

后续步骤