Create and manage databases

MySQL   |  PostgreSQL   |  SQL Server

This page contains information about creating, listing, and deleting MySQL databases on a Cloud SQL instance.

A newly-created instance has four system databases:

• information_schema: Provides access to database metadata, information about the MySQL server.
• mysql: The system schema. It contains tables that store information required by the MySQL server as it runs.
• performance_schema: A feature for monitoring MySQL Server execution at a low level.
• sys: Contains a set of objects that helps DBAs and developers interpret data collected by the performance schema.

For more information about MySQL databases, see the MySQL documentation.

Before you begin

Before completing the tasks on this page, you must have:

• Created a Cloud SQL instance. For more information, see Creating instances.

If you plan to use the mysql client to create or manage your databases, you must have:

• Configured access and connected to the instance with a mysql client. For more information about connection options, see Connection Options for External Applications.

Create a database on the Cloud SQL instance

Follow the rules in Schema Object Names when you create your database name. If not set on creation, new databases have the following default values:

• Character set: utf8
• Collation: utf8_general_ci

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
3. Select Databases from the SQL navigation menu.
4. Click Create database.
5. In the Create a database dialog, specify the name of the database, and optionally the character set and collation.

   For more information about character sets and collations, see Character Sets, Collations, Unicode.

6. Click Create.

gcloud

For reference information, see gcloud sql databases create.

For more information about character sets and collations, see Character Sets, Collations, Unicode.

gcloud sql databases create DATABASE_NAME \
--instance=INSTANCE_NAME \
[--charset=CHARSET] \
[--collation=COLLATION]

Terraform

To create a database, use a Terraform resource.

sql_database_basic/main.tf

View on GitHub

resource "google_sql_database" "database" {
  name     = "my-database"
  instance = google_sql_database_instance.instance.name
}

REST v1

The following request uses the databases:insert method to create a new database on the specified instance.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID
• database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

Request JSON body:

{
  "project": "project-id",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "name": "database-name"
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file called request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth print-access-token) \
-H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
-d @request.json \
"https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

PowerShell (Windows)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file called request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method POST `
  -Headers $headers `
  -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
  -InFile request.json `
  -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "[e-mail]",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "CREATE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

REST v1beta4

The following request uses the databases:insert method to create a new database on the specified instance.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID
• database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

Request JSON body:

{
  "project": "project-id",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "name": "database-name"
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file called request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth print-access-token) \
-H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
-d @request.json \
"https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

PowerShell (Windows)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file called request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method POST `
  -Headers $headers `
  -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
  -InFile request.json `
  -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "[e-mail]",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "CREATE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

mysql Client

For reference information, see CREATE DATABASE in the MySQL documentation.

For more information about character sets and collations, see Character Sets, Collations, Unicode.

CREATE DATABASE database_name
  [[CHARACTER SET charset_name][COLLATE collation_name]];

List your databases

To list all databases on an instance:

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
3. Click Databases from the left side menu. The Databases page lists databases along with their collation type, character set, and database type.

gcloud

For reference information, see gcloud sql databases list.

gcloud sql databases list \
--instance=INSTANCE_NAME

REST v1

The following request uses the databases:list method to list the databases for an instance.

When you list the databases using the API, you see additional template databases and a system database that are not displayed by the console. You cannot delete or manage the system database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

GET https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth print-access-token) \
"https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

PowerShell (Windows)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method GET `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#database",
  "charset": "utf8",
  "collation": "utf8_general_ci",
  "etag": "etag",
  "name": "sys",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/sys",
  "project": "project-id"
}

REST v1beta4

The following request uses the databases:list method to list the databases for an instance.

When you list the databases using the API, you see additional template databases and a system database that are not displayed by the console. You cannot delete or manage the system database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

GET https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth print-access-token) \
"https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

PowerShell (Windows)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method GET `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#database",
  "charset": "utf8",
  "collation": "utf8_general_ci",
  "etag": "etag",
  "name": "sys",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/sys",
  "project": "project-id"
}

mysql Client

For reference information, see SHOW DATABASES in the MySQL documentation.

SHOW DATABASES;

Delete a database

To delete a database on the Cloud SQL instance:

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

   Go to Cloud SQL Instances

2. To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
3. Click Databases from the left side menu.
4. In the database list, find the database you want to delete and click the trash can icon.
5. In the Delete database dialog box, enter the name of the database and then click Delete.

Note: Deleting a database removes all files in the database's directory, including any files not directly used by the database. Examples of such files are #sql-* files created from interrupted ALTER TABLE operations in MySQL 5.6 and MySQL 5.7.

gcloud

For reference information, see gcloud sql databases delete.

gcloud sql databases delete DATABASE_NAME \
--instance=INSTANCE_NAME

Note: Deleting a database removes all files in the database's directory, including any files not directly used by the database. Examples of such files are #sql-* files created from interrupted ALTER TABLE operations in MySQL 5.6 and MySQL 5.7.

REST v1

The following request uses the databases:delete method to delete the specified database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID
• database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

DELETE https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Execute the following command:

curl -X DELETE \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth print-access-token) \
"https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name"

PowerShell (Windows)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method DELETE `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "[e-mail]",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "DELETE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

REST v1beta4

The following request uses the databases:delete method to delete the specified database.

Note: Deleting a database removes all files in the database's directory, including any files not directly used by the database. Examples of such files are #sql-* files created from interrupted ALTER TABLE operations in MySQL 5.6 and MySQL 5.7.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID
• database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

DELETE https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Execute the following command:

curl -X DELETE \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth print-access-token) \
"https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name"

PowerShell (Windows)

Note: The following command assumes that you have used either gcloud init or gcloud auth login to authenticate gcloud with your user account. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method DELETE `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "[e-mail]",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "DELETE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

mysql Client

For reference information, see DROP DATABASE in the MySQL documentation.

DROP DATABASE [database_name];

Note: If the database's directory contains any files not directly used by the database, the DROP DATABASE command will generate errors indicating that the database directory could not be deleted, such as:

• Error dropping database (can't rmdir './database_name', errno: 39)
• Error dropping database (can't rmdir './database_name', errno: 17)

Examples of such files are #sql-* files created from interrupted ALTER TABLE operations in MySQL 5.6 and MySQL 5.7. To delete these files and complete the DROP DATABASE operation, repeat the operation using one of the other methods: the console, the gcloud command, or the REST API call.

What's next

• Manage users for your instance.
• Import data into your instance.
• Learn about options for connecting to your instance using the mysql client.
• Create a database table.
• Cloud SQL for MySQL stored procedures.

Try it for yourself

If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how Cloud SQL performs in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

Try Cloud SQL free