本頁說明如何使用 Organization Policy Service 自訂限制,限制下列 Google Cloud 資源的特定作業:
- servicemanagement.googleapis.com/Service
如要進一步瞭解機構政策,請參閱「自訂機構政策」。
關於機構政策和限制
Google Cloud 機構政策服務可讓您透過程式以集中方式控管機構的資源。身為機構政策管理員,您可以定義機構政策,也就是一組稱為「限制」的限制,適用於Google Cloud 資源和Google Cloud 資源階層中這些資源的子系。您可以在機構、資料夾或專案層級強制執行機構政策。
機構政策提供各種 Google Cloud 服務的內建代管限制。不過,如要更精細地自訂機構政策中受限的特定欄位,也可以建立自訂限制,並在機構政策中使用這些自訂限制。
政策繼承
根據預設,機構政策會由您強制執行政策的資源子系繼承。舉例來說,如果您對資料夾強制執行政策, Google Cloud 系統會對該資料夾中的所有專案強制執行政策。如要進一步瞭解這項行為及如何變更,請參閱「階層評估規則」。
事前準備
- Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
- 
    
    
      In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project. Roles required to select or create a project - Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
- 
      Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator
      (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains theresourcemanager.projects.createpermission. Learn how to grant roles.
 
- 
  
    Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project. 
- 
      Install the Google Cloud CLI. 
- 
          如果您使用外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP),請先 使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI。 
- 
        如要初始化 gcloud CLI,請執行下列指令: gcloud init
- 
    
    
      In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project. Roles required to select or create a project - Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
- 
      Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator
      (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains theresourcemanager.projects.createpermission. Learn how to grant roles.
 
- 
  
    Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project. 
- 
      Install the Google Cloud CLI. 
- 
          如果您使用外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP),請先 使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI。 
- 
        如要初始化 gcloud CLI,請執行下列指令: gcloud init
- 請確認您知道機構 ID。
- ORGANIZATION_ID:您的機構 ID,例如- 123456789。
- CONSTRAINT_NAME:新自訂限制的名稱。自訂限制條件必須以- custom.開頭,且只能包含大寫英文字母、小寫英文字母或數字。例如,- custom.authorizationCheck。這個欄位的長度上限為 70 個字元。
- RESOURCE_NAME:包含要限制物件和欄位的Google Cloud 資源完整名稱。例如:- servicemanagement.googleapis.com/Service。
- CONDITION:針對支援服務資源的代表項目編寫的 CEL 條件。這個欄位的長度上限為 1000 個字元。如要進一步瞭解可編寫條件的資源,請參閱「支援的資源」。例如:- resource.name == \"test-service-name\"。
- ACTION:如果符合- condition,應採取的動作。可能的值為- ALLOW和- DENY。
- DISPLAY_NAME:限制條件的易記名稱。這個欄位的長度上限為 200 個字元。
- DESCRIPTION:違反政策時,要以錯誤訊息形式顯示的限制說明。這個欄位的長度上限為 2000 個字元。
- 前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「Organization policies」(機構政策) 頁面。
- 在專案選擇工具中,選取要設定機構政策的專案。
- 在「Organization policies」(機構政策) 頁面上的清單中選取限制條件,即可查看該限制條件的「Policy details」(政策詳情) 頁面。
- 如要設定資源的機構政策,請按一下「管理政策」。
- 在「編輯政策」頁面中,選取「覆寫上層政策」。
- 按一下「新增規則」。
- 在「Enforcement」(強制執行) 區段中,選取是否要強制執行這項機構政策。
- 選用:如要根據標記設定機構政策條件,請按一下「新增條件」。請注意,如果為組織政策新增條件式規則,您必須至少新增一項無條件規則,否則無法儲存政策。詳情請參閱「使用標記設定組織政策」。
- 按一下「測試變更」,模擬機構政策的影響。舊版受管理限制條件不支援政策模擬。詳情請參閱「 使用 Policy Simulator 測試組織政策變更」。
- 如要完成並套用機構政策,請按一下「設定政策」。這項政策最多需要 15 分鐘才會生效。
- 
        PROJECT_ID:您要強制執行限制的專案。
- 
        CONSTRAINT_NAME:您為自訂限制定義的名稱。例如:custom.authorizationCheck。
- 機構 ID
- 專案 ID
- 將下列檔案儲存為 - constraint-file-name.yaml:- name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.authorizationCheck resourceTypes: - servicemanagement.googleapis.com/Service methodTypes: - CREATE - UPDATE condition: resource.name == \"test-service-name\" actionType: ALLOW displayName: Check Configuration time policy enforcement description: Organization policies, defined with CEL and enforced via service manager APIs, allow admins to control service configurations through inheritable and granular rules.- 這項限制定義了每個 Service Management 的服務名稱都應等於 - test-service-name。
- 套用限制: - gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint ~/constraint-file-name.yaml
- 確認限制條件是否存在: - gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID- 輸出結果會與下列內容相似: - CUSTOM_CONSTRAINT ACTION_TYPE METHOD_TYPES RESOURCE_TYPES DISPLAY_NAME custom.configTimeEnforcement ALLOW CREATE,UPDATE servicemanagement.googleapis.com/Service Configuration time policy enforcement
- 將下列檔案儲存為 - policy-file-name.yaml:- name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policies/custom.configTimeEnforcement spec: rules: - enforce: true- 將 - PROJECT_ID替換為您的專案 ID。
- 套用政策: - gcloud org-policies set-policy ~/policy-file-name.yaml
- 確認政策是否存在: - gcloud org-policies list --project=PROJECT_ID- 輸出結果會與下列內容相似: - CONSTRAINT LIST_POLICY BOOLEAN_POLICY ETAG custom.configTimeEnforcement - SET COCsm5QGENiXi2E=
- 如要進一步瞭解服務管理選項,請參閱服務管理總覽。
- 如要解決使用服務管理時可能遇到的常見問題,請參閱「疑難排解」。
- 請參閱服務管理的預先定義機構政策限制。
- 進一步瞭解機構政策服務。
- 進一步瞭解如何建立及管理組織政策。
- 請參閱受管理機構政策限制的完整清單。
必要的角色
    
      如要取得管理自訂機構政策所需的權限,請要求管理員授予您機構資源的機構政策管理員  (roles/orgpolicy.policyAdmin) IAM 角色。如要進一步瞭解如何授予角色,請參閱「管理專案、資料夾和機構的存取權」。
  
  
建立自訂限制
自訂限制是在 YAML 檔案中定義,其中包含您要強制執行機構政策的服務所支援的資源、方法、條件和動作。自訂限制的條件是使用一般運算語言 (CEL) 定義。如要進一步瞭解如何使用 CEL 在自訂限制中建構條件,請參閱「建立及管理自訂限制」一文的 CEL 一節。
如要建立自訂限制,請使用下列格式建立 YAML 檔案:
name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/CONSTRAINT_NAME
resourceTypes:
- RESOURCE_NAME
methodTypes:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
condition: "CONDITION"
actionType: ACTION
displayName: DISPLAY_NAME
description: DESCRIPTION
更改下列內容:
如要進一步瞭解如何建立自訂限制,請參閱「定義自訂限制」。
設定自訂限制
為新的自訂限制建立 YAML 檔案後,您必須進行設定,才能在貴機構的機構政策中使用該檔案。如要設定自訂限制,請使用gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint 指令:
gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint CONSTRAINT_PATH
CONSTRAINT_PATH 替換為自訂限制檔案的完整路徑。例如:/home/user/customconstraint.yaml。
完成後,自訂限制就會顯示在 Google Cloud 機構政策清單中,做為機構政策使用。如要確認自訂限制條件是否存在,請使用 gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints 指令:gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID
ORGANIZATION_ID 替換為機構資源的 ID。
詳情請參閱「查看組織政策」。
強制執行自訂機構政策
如要強制執行限制,請建立參照該限制的機構政策,然後將該政策套用至 Google Cloud 資源。控制台
gcloud
如要建立含有布林值規則的機構政策,請建立參照限制的政策 YAML 檔案:
name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policies/CONSTRAINT_NAME spec: rules: - enforce: true
取代下列項目:
如要強制執行包含限制的機構政策,請執行下列指令:
gcloud org-policies set-policy POLICY_PATH
      將 POLICY_PATH 替換為機構政策 YAML 檔案的完整路徑。這項政策最多需要 15 分鐘才會生效。
    
測試自訂機構政策
以下範例會根據 Service 資源的屬性建立自訂限制。這些規則可用於允許或拒絕特定 CreateServiceConfig 要求
開始之前,請先瞭解下列事項:
建立限制
建立政策
套用政策後,請等待約兩分鐘, Google Cloud 就會開始強制執行政策。
測試政策
執行下列指令來建立服務設定,以檢查限制。
  gcloud endpoints services deploy policy-file-name.yaml
輸出結果會與下列內容相似:
  Operation denied by custom org policies: ["customConstraints/custom.authorizationCheck": "error Message"]
Service Management 支援的資源
下表列出可在自訂限制中參照的 Service Management 資源。| 資源 | 欄位 | 
|---|---|
| servicemanagement.googleapis.com/Service | resource.authentication.providers.audiences | 
| resource.authentication.providers.authorizationUrl | |
| resource.authentication.providers.issuer | |
| resource.authentication.providers.jwksUri | |
| resource.authentication.providers.jwtLocations.cookie | |
| resource.authentication.providers.jwtLocations.header | |
| resource.authentication.providers.jwtLocations.query | |
| resource.authentication.providers.jwtLocations.valuePrefix | |
| resource.authentication.rules.allowWithoutCredential | |
| resource.authentication.rules.oauth.canonicalScopes | |
| resource.authentication.rules.requirements.audiences | |
| resource.authentication.rules.requirements.providerId | |
| resource.authentication.rules.selector | |
| resource.backend.rules.address | |
| resource.backend.rules.deadline | |
| resource.backend.rules.disableAuth | |
| resource.backend.rules.jwtAudience | |
| resource.backend.rules.operationDeadline | |
| resource.backend.rules.pathTranslation | |
| resource.backend.rules.protocol | |
| resource.backend.rules.selector | |
| resource.billing.consumerDestinations.metrics | |
| resource.billing.consumerDestinations.monitoredResource | |
| resource.context.rules.allowedRequestExtensions | |
| resource.context.rules.allowedResponseExtensions | |
| resource.context.rules.provided | |
| resource.context.rules.requested | |
| resource.context.rules.selector | |
| resource.control.environment | |
| resource.control.methodPolicies.requestPolicies.resourcePermission | |
| resource.control.methodPolicies.requestPolicies.resourceType | |
| resource.control.methodPolicies.requestPolicies.selector | |
| resource.control.methodPolicies.selector | |
| resource.customError.rules.isErrorType | |
| resource.customError.rules.selector | |
| resource.customError.types | |
| resource.endpoints.aliases | |
| resource.endpoints.allowCors | |
| resource.endpoints.name | |
| resource.endpoints.target | |
| resource.logging.consumerDestinations.logs | |
| resource.logging.consumerDestinations.monitoredResource | |
| resource.logging.producerDestinations.logs | |
| resource.logging.producerDestinations.monitoredResource | |
| resource.logs.description | |
| resource.logs.displayName | |
| resource.logs.name | |
| resource.metrics.description | |
| resource.metrics.displayName | |
| resource.metrics.launchStage | |
| resource.metrics.metadata.ingestDelay | |
| resource.metrics.metadata.samplePeriod | |
| resource.metrics.metadata.timeSeriesResourceHierarchyLevel | |
| resource.metrics.metricKind | |
| resource.metrics.monitoredResourceTypes | |
| resource.metrics.name | |
| resource.metrics.type | |
| resource.metrics.unit | |
| resource.metrics.valueType | |
| resource.monitoredResources.description | |
| resource.monitoredResources.displayName | |
| resource.monitoredResources.launchStage | |
| resource.monitoredResources.name | |
| resource.monitoredResources.type | |
| resource.monitoring.consumerDestinations.metrics | |
| resource.monitoring.consumerDestinations.monitoredResource | |
| resource.monitoring.producerDestinations.metrics | |
| resource.monitoring.producerDestinations.monitoredResource | |
| resource.name | |
| resource.producerProjectId | |
| resource.publishing.apiShortName | |
| resource.publishing.codeownerGithubTeams | |
| resource.publishing.docTagPrefix | |
| resource.publishing.documentationUri | |
| resource.publishing.githubLabel | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.cppSettings.common.destinations | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.cppSettings.common.selectiveGapicGeneration.methods | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.dotnetSettings.common.destinations | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.dotnetSettings.common.selectiveGapicGeneration.methods | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.dotnetSettings.forcedNamespaceAliases | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.dotnetSettings.handwrittenSignatures | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.dotnetSettings.ignoredResources | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.dotnetSettings.renamedResources | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.dotnetSettings.renamedServices | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.goSettings.common.destinations | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.goSettings.common.selectiveGapicGeneration.methods | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.javaSettings.common.destinations | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.javaSettings.common.selectiveGapicGeneration.methods | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.javaSettings.libraryPackage | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.javaSettings.serviceClassNames | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.launchStage | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.nodeSettings.common.destinations | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.nodeSettings.common.selectiveGapicGeneration.methods | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.phpSettings.common.destinations | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.phpSettings.common.selectiveGapicGeneration.methods | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.pythonSettings.common.destinations | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.pythonSettings.common.selectiveGapicGeneration.methods | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.pythonSettings.experimentalFeatures.restAsyncIoEnabled | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.restNumericEnums | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.rubySettings.common.destinations | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.rubySettings.common.selectiveGapicGeneration.methods | |
| resource.publishing.librarySettings.version | |
| resource.publishing.methodSettings.autoPopulatedFields | |
| resource.publishing.methodSettings.longRunning.initialPollDelay | |
| resource.publishing.methodSettings.longRunning.maxPollDelay | |
| resource.publishing.methodSettings.longRunning.pollDelayMultiplier | |
| resource.publishing.methodSettings.longRunning.totalPollTimeout | |
| resource.publishing.methodSettings.selector | |
| resource.publishing.newIssueUri | |
| resource.publishing.organization | |
| resource.publishing.protoReferenceDocumentationUri | |
| resource.publishing.restReferenceDocumentationUri | |
| resource.quota.limits.defaultLimit | |
| resource.quota.limits.description | |
| resource.quota.limits.displayName | |
| resource.quota.limits.duration | |
| resource.quota.limits.freeTier | |
| resource.quota.limits.maxLimit | |
| resource.quota.limits.metric | |
| resource.quota.limits.name | |
| resource.quota.limits.unit | |
| resource.quota.limits.values | |
| resource.quota.metricRules.metricCosts | |
| resource.quota.metricRules.selector | |
| resource.systemParameters.rules.parameters.httpHeader | |
| resource.systemParameters.rules.parameters.name | |
| resource.systemParameters.rules.parameters.urlQueryParameter | |
| resource.systemParameters.rules.selector | |
| resource.title | |
| resource.usage.producerNotificationChannel | |
| resource.usage.requirements | |
| resource.usage.rules.allowUnregisteredCalls | |
| resource.usage.rules.selector | |
| resource.usage.rules.skipServiceControl |