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S'abonner avec une distribution de type "exactement une fois"

Recevoir les messages d'un abonnement pour lequel la distribution de type "exactement une fois" est activée.

En savoir plus

Pour obtenir une documentation détaillée incluant cet exemple de code, consultez les articles suivants :

Diffusion de type "exactement une fois"

Exemple de code

C++

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour C++ du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez les API C++ Pub/Sub documentation de référence.

Pour vous authentifier auprès de Pub/Sub, configurez le service Identifiants par défaut de l'application. Pour en savoir plus, consultez Configurer l'authentification pour un environnement de développement local.

namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
auto sample = [](pubsub::Subscriber subscriber) {
  return subscriber.Subscribe(
      [&](pubsub::Message const& m, pubsub::ExactlyOnceAckHandler h) {
        std::cout << "Received message " << m << "\n";
        std::move(h).ack().then([id = m.message_id()](auto f) {
          auto status = f.get();
          std::cout << "Message id " << id
                    << " ack() completed with status=" << status << "\n";
        });
        PleaseIgnoreThisSimplifiesTestingTheSamples();
      });
};

C#

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour C# du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub C#.

Pour vous authentifier auprès de Pub/Sub, configurez les identifiants par défaut de l'application. Pour en savoir plus, consultez Configurer l'authentification pour un environnement de développement local.


using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using static Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1.SubscriberClient;

public class ExactlyOnceDeliverySubscriberAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<IEnumerable<string>> ExactlyOnceDeliverySubscriberAsync(string projectId, string subscriptionId)
    {
        // subscriptionId should be the ID of an exactly-once delivery subscription.
        SubscriptionName subscriptionName = SubscriptionName.FromProjectSubscription(projectId, subscriptionId);
        SubscriberClient subscriber = await SubscriberClient.CreateAsync(subscriptionName);
        // To get the status of ACKnowledge (ACK) or Not ACKnowledge (NACK) request in exactly once delivery subscriptions,
        // create a subscription handler that inherits from Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1.SubscriptionHandler. 
        // For more information see Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1.SubscriptionHandler reference docs here:
        // https://cloud.google.com/dotnet/docs/reference/Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1/latest/Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1.SubscriptionHandler
        var subscriptionHandler = new SampleSubscriptionHandler();
        Task subscriptionTask = subscriber.StartAsync(subscriptionHandler);
        // The subscriber will be running until it is stopped.
        await Task.Delay(5000);
        await subscriber.StopAsync(CancellationToken.None);
        // Let's make sure that the start task finished successfully after the call to stop.
        await subscriptionTask;
        return subscriptionHandler.SuccessfulAckedIds;
    }

    // Sample handler to handle messages and ACK/NACK responses.
    public class SampleSubscriptionHandler : SubscriptionHandler
    {
        public ConcurrentBag<string> SuccessfulAckedIds { get; } = new ConcurrentBag<string>();

        /// <summary>
        /// The function that processes received messages. It should be thread-safe.
        /// Return <see cref="Reply.Ack"/> to ACKnowledge the message (meaning it won't be received again).
        /// Return <see cref="Reply.Nack"/> to Not ACKnowledge the message (meaning it will be received again).
        /// From the point of view of message acknowledgement, throwing an exception is equivalent to returning <see cref="Reply.Nack"/>.
        /// </summary>
        public override async Task<Reply> HandleMessage(PubsubMessage message, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            string text = message.Data.ToStringUtf8();
            Console.WriteLine($"Message {message.MessageId}: {text}");
            return await Task.FromResult(Reply.Ack);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method will receive responses for all acknowledge requests.
        /// </summary>
        public override void HandleAckResponses(IReadOnlyList<AckNackResponse> responses)
        {
            foreach (var response in responses)
            {
                if (response.Status == AcknowledgementStatus.Success)
                {
                    SuccessfulAckedIds.Add(response.MessageId);
                }

                string result = response.Status switch
                {
                    AcknowledgementStatus.Success => $"MessageId {response.MessageId} successfully acknowledged.",
                    AcknowledgementStatus.PermissionDenied => $"MessageId {response.MessageId} failed to acknowledge due to a permission denied error.",
                    AcknowledgementStatus.FailedPrecondition => $"MessageId {response.MessageId} failed to acknowledge due to a failed precondition.",
                    AcknowledgementStatus.InvalidAckId => $"MessageId {response.MessageId} failed to acknowledge due an invalid or expired AckId.",
                    AcknowledgementStatus.Other => $"MessageId {response.MessageId} failed to acknowledge due to an unknown reason.",
                    _ => $"Unknown acknowledgement status for messageId {response.MessageId}."
                };

                Console.WriteLine(result);
            }
        }
    }
}

Go

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration de Go dans le Guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub Go.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub"
	"google.golang.org/api/option"
)

// receiveMessagesWithExactlyOnceDeliveryEnabled instantiates a subscriber client.
// This differs from regular subscribing since you must call msg.AckWithResult()
// or msg.NackWithResult() instead of the regular Ack/Nack methods.
// When exactly once delivery is enabled on the subscription, the message is
// guaranteed to not be delivered again if the ack result succeeds.
func receiveMessagesWithExactlyOnceDeliveryEnabled(w io.Writer, projectID, subID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// subID := "my-sub"
	ctx := context.Background()

	// Pub/Sub's exactly once delivery guarantee only applies when subscribers connect to the service in the same region.
	// For list of locational endpoints for Pub/Sub, see https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/docs/reference/service_apis_overview#list_of_locational_endpoints
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID, option.WithEndpoint("us-west1-pubsub.googleapis.com:443"))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	sub := client.Subscription(subID)
	// Set MinExtensionPeriod high to avoid any unintentional
	// acknowledgment expirations (e.g. due to network events).
	// This can lead to high tail latency in case of client crashes.
	sub.ReceiveSettings.MinExtensionPeriod = 600 * time.Second

	// Receive messages for 10 seconds, which simplifies testing.
	// Comment this out in production, since `Receive` should
	// be used as a long running operation.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	err = sub.Receive(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, msg *pubsub.Message) {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Got message: %q\n", string(msg.Data))
		r := msg.AckWithResult()
		// Block until the result is returned and a pubsub.AcknowledgeStatus
		// is returned for the acked message.
		status, err := r.Get(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "MessageID: %s failed when calling result.Get: %v", msg.ID, err)
		}

		switch status {
		case pubsub.AcknowledgeStatusSuccess:
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Message successfully acked: %s", msg.ID)
		case pubsub.AcknowledgeStatusInvalidAckID:
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Message failed to ack with response of Invalid. ID: %s", msg.ID)
		case pubsub.AcknowledgeStatusPermissionDenied:
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Message failed to ack with response of Permission Denied. ID: %s", msg.ID)
		case pubsub.AcknowledgeStatusFailedPrecondition:
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Message failed to ack with response of Failed Precondition. ID: %s", msg.ID)
		case pubsub.AcknowledgeStatusOther:
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Message failed to ack with response of Other. ID: %s", msg.ID)
		default:
		}
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("got err from sub.Receive: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

Java

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Java du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub Java.


import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckReplyConsumerWithResponse;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckResponse;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.MessageReceiverWithAckResponse;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Subscriber;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class SubscribeWithExactlyOnceConsumerWithResponseExample {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";

    subscribeWithExactlyOnceConsumerWithResponseExample(projectId, subscriptionId);
  }

  public static void subscribeWithExactlyOnceConsumerWithResponseExample(
      String projectId, String subscriptionId) {
    ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
        ProjectSubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);

    // Instantiate an asynchronous message receiver using `AckReplyConsumerWithResponse`
    // instead of `AckReplyConsumer` to get a future that tracks the result of the ack call.
    // When exactly once delivery is enabled on the subscription, the message is guaranteed
    // to not be delivered again if the ack future succeeds.
    MessageReceiverWithAckResponse receiverWithResponse =
        (PubsubMessage message, AckReplyConsumerWithResponse consumerWithResponse) -> {
          try {
            // Handle incoming message, then ack the message, and receive an ack response.
            System.out.println("Message received: " + message.getData().toStringUtf8());
            Future<AckResponse> ackResponseFuture = consumerWithResponse.ack();

            // Retrieve the completed future for the ack response from the server.
            AckResponse ackResponse = ackResponseFuture.get();

            switch (ackResponse) {
              case SUCCESSFUL:
                // Success code means that this MessageID will not be delivered again.
                System.out.println("Message successfully acked: " + message.getMessageId());
                break;
              case INVALID:
                System.out.println(
                    "Message failed to ack with a response of Invalid. Id: "
                        + message.getMessageId());
                break;
              case PERMISSION_DENIED:
                System.out.println(
                    "Message failed to ack with a response of Permission Denied. Id: "
                        + message.getMessageId());
                break;
              case FAILED_PRECONDITION:
                System.out.println(
                    "Message failed to ack with a response of Failed Precondition. Id: "
                        + message.getMessageId());
                break;
              case OTHER:
                System.out.println(
                    "Message failed to ack with a response of Other. Id: "
                        + message.getMessageId());
                break;
              default:
                break;
            }
          } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
            System.out.println(
                "MessageId: " + message.getMessageId() + " failed when retrieving future");
          } catch (Throwable t) {
            System.out.println("Throwable caught" + t.getMessage());
          }
        };

    Subscriber subscriber = null;
    try {
      subscriber = Subscriber.newBuilder(subscriptionName, receiverWithResponse).build();
      // Start the subscriber.
      subscriber.startAsync().awaitRunning();
      System.out.printf("Listening for messages on %s:\n", subscriptionName.toString());
      // Allow the subscriber to run for 30s unless an unrecoverable error occurs.
      subscriber.awaitTerminated(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    } catch (TimeoutException timeoutException) {
      // Shut down the subscriber after 30s. Stop receiving messages.
      subscriber.stopAsync();
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment this variable before running the sample.
 */
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function listenForMessagesWithExactlyOnceDelivery(
  subscriptionNameOrId,
  timeout
) {
  // References an existing subscription
  const subscription = pubSubClient.subscription(subscriptionNameOrId);

  // Create an event handler to handle messages
  let messageCount = 0;
  const messageHandler = async message => {
    console.log(`Received message ${message.id}:`);
    console.log(`\tData: ${message.data}`);
    console.log(`\tAttributes: ${message.attributes}`);
    messageCount++;

    // Use `ackWithResponse()` instead of `ack()` to get a Promise that tracks
    // the result of the acknowledge call. When exactly-once delivery is enabled
    // on the subscription, the message is guaranteed not to be delivered again
    // if the ack Promise resolves.
    try {
      // When the Promise resolves, the value is always AckResponses.Success,
      // signaling that the ack was accepted. Note that you may call this
      // method on a subscription without exactly-once delivery, but it will
      // always return AckResponses.Success.
      await message.ackWithResponse();
      console.log(`Ack for message ${message.id} successful.`);
    } catch (e) {
      // In all other cases, the error passed on reject will explain why. This
      // is only for permanent failures; transient errors are retried automatically.
      const ackError = e;
      console.log(
        `Ack for message ${message.id} failed with error: ${ackError.errorCode}`
      );
    }
  };

  // Listen for new messages until timeout is hit
  subscription.on('message', messageHandler);

  setTimeout(() => {
    subscription.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
    console.log(`${messageCount} message(s) received.`);
  }, timeout * 1000);
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment this variable before running the sample.
 */
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
import {Message, PubSub, AckError} from '@google-cloud/pubsub';

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function listenForMessagesWithExactlyOnceDelivery(
  subscriptionNameOrId: string,
  timeout: number
) {
  // References an existing subscription
  const subscription = pubSubClient.subscription(subscriptionNameOrId);

  // Create an event handler to handle messages
  let messageCount = 0;
  const messageHandler = async (message: Message) => {
    console.log(`Received message ${message.id}:`);
    console.log(`\tData: ${message.data}`);
    console.log(`\tAttributes: ${message.attributes}`);
    messageCount++;

    // Use `ackWithResponse()` instead of `ack()` to get a Promise that tracks
    // the result of the acknowledge call. When exactly-once delivery is enabled
    // on the subscription, the message is guaranteed not to be delivered again
    // if the ack Promise resolves.
    try {
      // When the Promise resolves, the value is always AckResponses.Success,
      // signaling that the ack was accepted. Note that you may call this
      // method on a subscription without exactly-once delivery, but it will
      // always return AckResponses.Success.
      await message.ackWithResponse();
      console.log(`Ack for message ${message.id} successful.`);
    } catch (e) {
      // In all other cases, the error passed on reject will explain why. This
      // is only for permanent failures; transient errors are retried automatically.
      const ackError = e as AckError;
      console.log(
        `Ack for message ${message.id} failed with error: ${ackError.errorCode}`
      );
    }
  };

  // Listen for new messages until timeout is hit
  subscription.on('message', messageHandler);

  setTimeout(() => {
    subscription.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
    console.log(`${messageCount} message(s) received.`);
  }, timeout * 1000);
}

PHP

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour PHP du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub PHP.

use Google\Cloud\PubSub\PubSubClient;

/**
 * Subscribe and pull messages from a subscription
 * with `Exactly Once Delivery` enabled.
 *
 * @param string $projectId
 * @param string $subscriptionId
 */
function subscribe_exactly_once_delivery(
    string $projectId,
    string $subscriptionId
): void {
    $pubsub = new PubSubClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $subscription = $pubsub->subscription($subscriptionId);
    $messages = $subscription->pull();

    foreach ($messages as $message) {
        // When exactly once delivery is enabled on the subscription,
        // the message is guaranteed to not be delivered again if the ack succeeds.
        // Passing the `returnFailures` flag retries any temporary failures received
        // while acking the msg and also returns any permanently failed msgs.
        // Passing this flag on a subscription with exactly once delivery disabled
        // will always return an empty array.
        $failedMsgs = $subscription->acknowledge($message, ['returnFailures' => true]);

        if (empty($failedMsgs)) {
            printf('Acknowledged message: %s' . PHP_EOL, $message->data());
        } else {
            // Either log or store the $failedMsgs to be retried later
        }
    }
}

Python

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration de Python dans le Guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub Python.

from concurrent.futures import TimeoutError
from google.cloud import pubsub_v1
from google.cloud.pubsub_v1.subscriber import exceptions as sub_exceptions

# TODO(developer)
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"
# Number of seconds the subscriber should listen for messages
# timeout = 5.0

subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()
# The `subscription_path` method creates a fully qualified identifier
# in the form `projects/{project_id}/subscriptions/{subscription_id}`
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)

def callback(message: pubsub_v1.subscriber.message.Message) -> None:
    print(f"Received {message}.")

    # Use `ack_with_response()` instead of `ack()` to get a future that tracks
    # the result of the acknowledge call. When exactly-once delivery is enabled
    # on the subscription, the message is guaranteed to not be delivered again
    # if the ack future succeeds.
    ack_future = message.ack_with_response()

    try:
        # Block on result of acknowledge call.
        # When `timeout` is not set, result() will block indefinitely,
        # unless an exception is encountered first.
        ack_future.result(timeout=timeout)
        print(f"Ack for message {message.message_id} successful.")
    except sub_exceptions.AcknowledgeError as e:
        print(
            f"Ack for message {message.message_id} failed with error: {e.error_code}"
        )

streaming_pull_future = subscriber.subscribe(subscription_path, callback=callback)
print(f"Listening for messages on {subscription_path}..\n")

# Wrap subscriber in a 'with' block to automatically call close() when done.
with subscriber:
    try:
        # When `timeout` is not set, result() will block indefinitely,
        # unless an exception is encountered first.
        streaming_pull_future.result(timeout=timeout)
    except TimeoutError:
        streaming_pull_future.cancel()  # Trigger the shutdown.
        streaming_pull_future.result()  # Block until the shutdown is complete.

Ruby

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Ruby du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez les API Ruby Pub/Sub documentation de référence.

require "google/cloud/pubsub"

# Shows how to register callback to acknowledge method and access the result passed in
class PubsubSubscriberExactlyOnceDelivery
  def subscriber_exactly_once_delivery project_id:, topic_id:, subscription_id:
    pubsub = Google::Cloud::Pubsub.new project_id: project_id
    topic = pubsub.topic topic_id
    subscription = pubsub.subscription subscription_id
    subscriber   = subscription.listen do |received_message|
      puts "Received message: #{received_message.data}"

      # Pass in callback to access the acknowledge result.
      # For subscription with Exactly once delivery disabled the result will be success always.
      received_message.acknowledge! do |result|
        puts "Acknowledge result's status: #{result.status}"
      end
    end

    subscriber.start
    # Let the main thread sleep for 60 seconds so the thread for listening
    # messages does not quit
    sleep 60
    subscriber.stop.wait!
  end

  def self.run
    # TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    project_id = "your-project-id"
    topic_id = "your-topic-id"
    subscription_id = "id-for-new-subcription" # subscription with exactly once delivery enabled
    PubsubSubscriberExactlyOnceDelivery.new.subscriber_exactly_once_delivery project_id: project_id,
                                                                             topic_id: topic_id,
                                                                             subscription_id: subscription_id
  end
end

if $PROGRAM_NAME == __FILE__
  PubsubSubscriberExactlyOnceDelivery.run
end

Étapes suivantes

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