Create subscription with `DeadLetterPolicy`

Creates a subscription that forwards undeliverable messages to a dead-letter topic.

Explore further

For detailed documentation that includes this code sample, see the following:

• Handle message failures

Code sample

C++

Before trying this sample, follow the C++ setup instructions in the Pub/Sub quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub C++ API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Pub/Sub, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
namespace pubsub_admin = ::google::cloud::pubsub_admin;
[](pubsub_admin::SubscriptionAdminClient client,
   std::string const& project_id, std::string const& topic_id,
   std::string const& subscription_id,
   std::string const& dead_letter_topic_id,
   int dead_letter_delivery_attempts) {
  google::pubsub::v1::Subscription request;
  request.set_name(
      pubsub::Subscription(project_id, subscription_id).FullName());
  request.set_topic(pubsub::Topic(project_id, topic_id).FullName());
  request.mutable_dead_letter_policy()->set_dead_letter_topic(
      pubsub::Topic(project_id, dead_letter_topic_id).FullName());
  request.mutable_dead_letter_policy()->set_max_delivery_attempts(
      dead_letter_delivery_attempts);
  auto sub = client.CreateSubscription(request);
  if (sub.status().code() == google::cloud::StatusCode::kAlreadyExists) {
    std::cout << "The subscription already exists\n";
    return;
  }
  if (!sub) throw std::move(sub).status();

  std::cout << "The subscription was successfully created: "
            << sub->DebugString() << "\n";

  std::cout << "It will forward dead letter messages to: "
            << sub->dead_letter_policy().dead_letter_topic() << "\n";

  std::cout << "After " << sub->dead_letter_policy().max_delivery_attempts()
            << " delivery attempts.\n";
}

C#

Before trying this sample, follow the C# setup instructions in the Pub/Sub quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub C# API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Pub/Sub, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using System;

public class CreateSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicySample
{
    public Subscription CreateSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicy(string projectId, string topicId, string subscriptionId, string deadLetterTopicId)
    {
        SubscriberServiceApiClient subscriber = SubscriberServiceApiClient.Create();
        // This is the subscription you want to create with a dead letter policy.
        var subscriptionName = SubscriptionName.FromProjectSubscription(projectId, subscriptionId);
        // This is an existing topic that you want to attach the subscription with dead letter policy to.
        var topicName = TopicName.FromProjectTopic(projectId, topicId);
        // This is an existing topic that the subscription with dead letter policy forwards dead letter messages to.
        var deadLetterTopic = TopicName.FromProjectTopic(projectId, deadLetterTopicId).ToString();
        var subscriptionRequest = new Subscription
        {
            SubscriptionName = subscriptionName,
            TopicAsTopicName = topicName,
            DeadLetterPolicy = new DeadLetterPolicy
            {
                DeadLetterTopic = deadLetterTopic,
                // The maximum number of times that the service attempts to deliver a
                // message before forwarding it to the dead letter topic. Must be [5-100].
                MaxDeliveryAttempts = 10
            },
            AckDeadlineSeconds = 30
        };

        var subscription = subscriber.CreateSubscription(subscriptionRequest);
        Console.WriteLine("Created subscription: " + subscription.SubscriptionName.SubscriptionId);
        Console.WriteLine($"It will forward dead letter messages to: {subscription.DeadLetterPolicy.DeadLetterTopic}");
        Console.WriteLine($"After {subscription.DeadLetterPolicy.MaxDeliveryAttempts} delivery attempts.");
        // Remember to attach a subscription to the dead letter topic because
        // messages published to a topic with no subscriptions are lost.
        return subscription;
    }
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Pub/Sub quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Pub/Sub, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub"
)

// createSubWithDeadLetter creates a subscription with a dead letter policy.
func createSubWithDeadLetter(w io.Writer, projectID, subID string, topicID string, fullyQualifiedDeadLetterTopic string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// subID := "my-sub"
	// topicID := "my-topic"
	// fullyQualifiedDeadLetterTopic := "projects/my-project/topics/my-dead-letter-topic"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	topic := client.Topic(topicID)

	subConfig := pubsub.SubscriptionConfig{
		Topic:       topic,
		AckDeadline: 20 * time.Second,
		DeadLetterPolicy: &pubsub.DeadLetterPolicy{
			DeadLetterTopic:     fullyQualifiedDeadLetterTopic,
			MaxDeliveryAttempts: 10,
		},
	}

	sub, err := client.CreateSubscription(ctx, subID, subConfig)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("CreateSubscription: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created subscription (%s) with dead letter topic (%s)\n", sub.String(), fullyQualifiedDeadLetterTopic)
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "To process dead letter messages, remember to add a subscription to your dead letter topic.")
	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Pub/Sub quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Pub/Sub, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.SubscriptionAdminClient;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.DeadLetterPolicy;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectTopicName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.Subscription;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicyExample {

  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    // This is the subscription you want to create with a dead letter policy.
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";
    // This is an existing topic that you want to attach the subscription with dead letter policy
    // to.
    String topicId = "your-topic-id";
    // This is an existing topic that the subscription with dead letter policy forwards dead letter
    // messages to.
    String deadLetterTopicId = "your-dead-letter-topic-id";

    CreateSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicyExample.createSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicyExample(
        projectId, subscriptionId, topicId, deadLetterTopicId);
  }

  public static void createSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicyExample(
      String projectId, String subscriptionId, String topicId, String deadLetterTopicId)
      throws IOException {
    try (SubscriptionAdminClient subscriptionAdminClient = SubscriptionAdminClient.create()) {

      ProjectTopicName topicName = ProjectTopicName.of(projectId, topicId);
      ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
          ProjectSubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);
      ProjectTopicName deadLetterTopicName = ProjectTopicName.of(projectId, deadLetterTopicId);

      DeadLetterPolicy deadLetterPolicy =
          DeadLetterPolicy.newBuilder()
              .setDeadLetterTopic(deadLetterTopicName.toString())
              // The maximum number of times that the service attempts to deliver a
              // message before forwarding it to the dead letter topic. Must be [5-100].
              .setMaxDeliveryAttempts(10)
              .build();

      Subscription request =
          Subscription.newBuilder()
              .setName(subscriptionName.toString())
              .setTopic(topicName.toString())
              .setDeadLetterPolicy(deadLetterPolicy)
              .build();

      Subscription subscription = subscriptionAdminClient.createSubscription(request);

      System.out.println("Created subscription: " + subscription.getName());
      System.out.println(
          "It will forward dead letter messages to: "
              + subscription.getDeadLetterPolicy().getDeadLetterTopic());
      System.out.println(
          "After "
              + subscription.getDeadLetterPolicy().getMaxDeliveryAttempts()
              + " delivery attempts.");
      // Remember to attach a subscription to the dead letter topic because
      // messages published to a topic with no subscriptions are lost.
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';
// const deadLetterTopicNameOrId = 'YOUR_DEAD_LETTER_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function createSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicy(
  topicNameOrId,
  subscriptionNameOrId,
  deadLetterTopicNameOrId
) {
  // Creates a new subscription
  const options = {
    deadLetterPolicy: {
      deadLetterTopic: pubSubClient.topic(deadLetterTopicNameOrId).name,
      maxDeliveryAttempts: 10,
    },
  };
  await pubSubClient
    .topic(topicNameOrId)
    .createSubscription(subscriptionNameOrId, options);
  console.log(
    `Created subscription ${subscriptionNameOrId} with dead letter topic ${deadLetterTopicNameOrId}.`
  );
  console.log(
    'To process dead letter messages, remember to add a subscription to your dead letter topic.'
  );
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';
// const deadLetterTopicNameOrId = 'YOUR_DEAD_LETTER_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
import {PubSub, CreateSubscriptionOptions} from '@google-cloud/pubsub';

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function createSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicy(
  topicNameOrId: string,
  subscriptionNameOrId: string,
  deadLetterTopicNameOrId: string
) {
  // Creates a new subscription
  const options: CreateSubscriptionOptions = {
    deadLetterPolicy: {
      deadLetterTopic: pubSubClient.topic(deadLetterTopicNameOrId).name,
      maxDeliveryAttempts: 10,
    },
  };
  await pubSubClient
    .topic(topicNameOrId)
    .createSubscription(subscriptionNameOrId, options);
  console.log(
    `Created subscription ${subscriptionNameOrId} with dead letter topic ${deadLetterTopicNameOrId}.`
  );
  console.log(
    'To process dead letter messages, remember to add a subscription to your dead letter topic.'
  );
}

PHP

Before trying this sample, follow the PHP setup instructions in the Pub/Sub quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub PHP API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Pub/Sub, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

use Google\Cloud\PubSub\PubSubClient;

/**
 * Creates a Pub/Sub subscription with dead letter policy enabled.
 *
 * @param string $projectId  The Google project ID.
 * @param string $topicName  The Pub/Sub topic name.
 * @param string $subscriptionName  The Pub/Sub subscription name.
 * @param string $deadLetterTopicName The Pub/Sub topic to use for dead letter policy.
 */
function dead_letter_create_subscription($projectId, $topicName, $subscriptionName, $deadLetterTopicName)
{
    $pubsub = new PubSubClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $topic = $pubsub->topic($topicName);
    $deadLetterTopic = $pubsub->topic($deadLetterTopicName);

    $subscription = $topic->subscribe($subscriptionName, [
        'deadLetterPolicy' => [
            'deadLetterTopic' => $deadLetterTopic
        ]
    ]);

    printf(
        'Subscription %s created with dead letter topic %s' . PHP_EOL,
        $subscription->name(),
        $deadLetterTopic->name()
    );
}

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the Pub/Sub quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Pub/Sub, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

from google.cloud import pubsub_v1
from google.cloud.pubsub_v1.types import DeadLetterPolicy

# TODO(developer)
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# endpoint = "https://my-test-project.appspot.com/push"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing topic that the subscription
# with dead letter policy is attached to.
# topic_id = "your-topic-id"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing subscription with a dead letter policy.
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing dead letter topic that the subscription
# with dead letter policy will forward dead letter messages to.
# dead_letter_topic_id = "your-dead-letter-topic-id"
# TODO(developer): This is the maximum number of delivery attempts allowed
# for a message before it gets delivered to a dead letter topic.
# max_delivery_attempts = 5

publisher = pubsub_v1.PublisherClient()
subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()

topic_path = publisher.topic_path(project_id, topic_id)
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)
dead_letter_topic_path = publisher.topic_path(project_id, dead_letter_topic_id)

dead_letter_policy = DeadLetterPolicy(
    dead_letter_topic=dead_letter_topic_path,
    max_delivery_attempts=max_delivery_attempts,
)

with subscriber:
    request = {
        "name": subscription_path,
        "topic": topic_path,
        "dead_letter_policy": dead_letter_policy,
    }
    subscription = subscriber.create_subscription(request)

print(f"Subscription created: {subscription.name}")
print(
    f"It will forward dead letter messages to: {subscription.dead_letter_policy.dead_letter_topic}."
)
print(
    f"After {subscription.dead_letter_policy.max_delivery_attempts} delivery attempts."
)

Ruby

Before trying this sample, follow the Ruby setup instructions in the Pub/Sub quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Ruby API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Pub/Sub, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

# topic_id             = "your-topic-id"
# subscription_id      = "your-subscription-id"
# dead_letter_topic_id = "your-dead-letter-topic-id"

pubsub = Google::Cloud::Pubsub.new

topic             = pubsub.topic topic_id
dead_letter_topic = pubsub.topic dead_letter_topic_id
subscription      = topic.subscribe subscription_id,
                                    dead_letter_topic:                 dead_letter_topic,
                                    dead_letter_max_delivery_attempts: 10

puts "Created subscription #{subscription_id} with dead letter topic #{dead_letter_topic_id}."
puts "To process dead letter messages, remember to add a subscription to your dead letter topic."

What's next

To search and filter code samples for other Google Cloud products, see the Google Cloud sample browser.